scholarly journals A role for Drosophila Polo protein in chromosome resolution and segregation during mitosis

Cell Cycle ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 2529-2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Godinho ◽  
Álvaro A. Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Resolution

scholarly journals Spindle-independent condensation-mediated segregation of yeast ribosomal DNA in late anaphase

2005 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Machín ◽  
Jordi Torres-Rosell ◽  
Adam Jarmuz ◽  
Luis Aragón
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Yeast Genome ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Late Anaphase ◽  
Mother And Daughter ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chromosome Resolution

Mitotic cell division involves the equal segregation of all chromosomes during anaphase. The presence of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats on the right arm of chromosome XII makes it the longest in the budding yeast genome. Previously, we identified a stage during yeast anaphase when rDNA is stretched across the mother and daughter cells. Here, we show that resolution of sister rDNAs is achieved by unzipping of the locus from its centromere-proximal to centromere-distal regions. We then demonstrate that during this stretched stage sister rDNA arrays are neither compacted nor segregated despite being largely resolved from each other. Surprisingly, we find that rDNA segregation after this period no longer requires spindles but instead involves Cdc14-dependent rDNA axial compaction. These results demonstrate that chromosome resolution is not simply a consequence of compacting chromosome arms and that overall rDNA compaction is necessary to mediate the segregation of the long arm of chromosome XII.

Research on Explosive Formulation Performance Parameter Prediction Method Based on GEP

2013 ◽  
Vol 816-817 ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
Dong Lei Wang ◽  
Li Juan Peng ◽  
Zhong Hua Lu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Energetic Formulation ◽  
Estimate Problem ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Parameter Prediction ◽  
Chromosome Resolution

Definition of homology gene, mutual exclusion gene, formulations gene and compatriots gene set has been given based on the characteristics of the energetic formulation components in this paper. The complex formula chromosome resolution rules have been designed to solve the energetic formulation component burst speed estimate problem combined with the GEP theories and test techniques. The test results showed that the performance prediction error of the detonation velocity is less than 3%.

scholarly journals Condensin restructures chromosomes in preparation for meiotic divisions

2004 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Chan ◽  
Aaron F. Severson ◽  
Barbara J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Ordered Structure ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Chromosome Resolution

The production of haploid gametes from diploid germ cells requires two rounds of meiotic chromosome segregation after one round of replication. Accurate meiotic chromosome segregation involves the remodeling of each pair of homologous chromosomes around the site of crossover into a highly condensed and ordered structure. We showed that condensin, the protein complex needed for mitotic chromosome compaction, restructures chromosomes during meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. In particular, condensin promotes both meiotic chromosome condensation after crossover recombination and the remodeling of sister chromatids. Condensin helps resolve cohesin-independent linkages between sister chromatids and alleviates recombination-independent linkages between homologues. The safeguarding of chromosome resolution by condensin permits chromosome segregation and is crucial for the formation of discrete, individualized bivalent chromosomes.

scholarly journals Live-cell imaging of marked chromosome regions reveals dynamics of mitotic chromosome resolution and compaction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Eykelenboom ◽  
Marek Gierliński ◽  
Zuojun Yue ◽  
Nadia Hegarat ◽  
Hilary Pollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Marked Chromosome ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
G2 Phase ◽  
Local Enrichment ◽  
Chromosome Regions ◽  
Chromosome Resolution

SummaryWhen human cells enter mitosis, chromosomes undergo substantial changes in their organisation to resolve sister chromatids and compact chromosomes. Despite the fundamental importance of this phenomenon to genome stability, we still do not fully comprehend the timing and coordination of these events. To address these questions, we need to evaluate the progression of both sister chromatid resolution and chromosome compaction in one assay. We achieved this by analysing changes in configuration of marked chromosome regions over time, with high spatial and temporal resolution. This assay showed that sister chromatid resolution is an iterative process that begins in late G2 phase and completes in prophase. Cohesins and WAPL antagonistically regulate sister chromatid resolution in late G2 and prophase whilst local enrichment of cohesin on chromosomes prevents precocious sister chromatid resolution. Moreover, our assay allowed quantitative evaluation of the timing and efficiency of condensin II and I activities in promoting sister chromatid resolution and chromosome compaction, respectively. Thus, our real-time assay sheds new light on the dynamics of mitotic chromosome resolution and compaction.

scholarly journals Evidence for a Xer/dif System for Chromosome Resolution in Archaea

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. e1001166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Cortez ◽  
Sophie Quevillon-Cheruel ◽  
Simonetta Gribaldo ◽  
Nicole Desnoues ◽  
Guennadi Sezonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Resolution

Increased Y-chromosome resolution of haplogroup O suggests genetic ties between the Ami aborigines of Taiwan and the Polynesian Islands of Samoa and Tonga

Gene ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 492 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheyla Mirabal ◽  
Kristian J. Herrera ◽  
Tenzin Gayden ◽  
Maria Regueiro ◽  
Peter A. Underhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Resolution
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