scholarly journals Control of cortical microtubule organization and desmosome stability by centrosomal proteins

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaelyn D. Sumigray ◽  
Terry Lechler
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Centrosomal Proteins

scholarly journals Lis1 is essential for cortical microtubule organization and desmosome stability in the epidermis

2011 ◽  
Vol 194 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaelyn D. Sumigray ◽  
Hsin Chen ◽  
Terry Lechler
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Perinatal Lethality ◽  
Cytoskeletal Networks ◽  
Centrosomal Proteins

Desmosomes are cell–cell adhesion structures that integrate cytoskeletal networks. In addition to binding intermediate filaments, the desmosomal protein desmoplakin (DP) regulates microtubule reorganization in the epidermis. In this paper, we identify a specific subset of centrosomal proteins that are recruited to the cell cortex by DP upon epidermal differentiation. These include Lis1 and Ndel1, which are centrosomal proteins that regulate microtubule organization and anchoring in other cell types. This recruitment was mediated by a region of DP specific to a single isoform, DPI. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the epidermal-specific loss of Lis1 results in dramatic defects in microtubule reorganization. Lis1 ablation also causes desmosomal defects, characterized by decreased levels of desmosomal components, decreased attachment of keratin filaments, and increased turnover of desmosomal proteins at the cell cortex. This contributes to loss of epidermal barrier activity, resulting in completely penetrant perinatal lethality. This work reveals essential desmosome-associated components that control cortical microtubule organization and unexpected roles for centrosomal proteins in epidermal function.

scholarly journals Action at a distance during cytokinesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
George von Dassow ◽  
Koen J.C. Verbrugghe ◽  
Ann L. Miller ◽  
Jenny R. Sider ◽  
William M. Bement
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
The Relationship

Animal cells decide where to build the cytokinetic apparatus by sensing the position of the mitotic spindle. Reflecting a long-standing presumption that a furrow-inducing stimulus travels from spindle to cortex via microtubules, debate continues about which microtubules, and in what geometry, are essential for accurate cytokinesis. We used live imaging in urchin and frog embryos to evaluate the relationship between microtubule organization and cytokinetic furrow position. In normal cells, the cytokinetic apparatus forms in a region of lower cortical microtubule density. Remarkably, cells depleted of astral microtubules conduct accurate, complete cytokinesis. Conversely, in anucleate cells, asters alone can support furrow induction without a spindle, but only when sufficiently separated. Ablation of a single centrosome displaces furrows away from the remaining centrosome; ablation of both centrosomes causes broad, inefficient furrowing. We conclude that the asters confer accuracy and precision to a primary furrow-inducing signal that can reach the cell surface from the spindle without transport on microtubules.

scholarly journals iDePP: a genetically encoded system for the inducible depletion of PI(4,5)P2 in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Doumane ◽  
Léia Colin ◽  
Alexis Lebecq ◽  
Aurélie Fangain ◽  
Joseph Bareille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Membrane Contact Sites

ABSTRACTPhosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is a low abundant lipid present at the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Extensive studies in animal cells revealed the pleiotropic functions of PI(4,5)P2. In plant cells, PI(4,5)P2 is involved in various cellular processes including the regulation of cell polarity and tip growth, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, polar auxin transport, actin dynamics or membrane-contact sites. To date, most studies investigating the role of PI(4,5)P2 in plants have relied on mutants lacking enzymes responsible for PI(4,5)P2 synthesis and degradation. However, such genetic perturbations only allow steady-state analysis of plants undergoing their life cycle in PI(4,5)P2 deficient conditions and the corresponding mutants are likely to induce a range of non-causal (untargeted) effects driven by compensatory mechanisms. In addition, there are no small molecule inhibitors that are available in plants to specifically block the production of this lipid. Thus, there is currently no system to fine tune PI(4,5)P2 content in plant cells. Here we report a genetically encoded and inducible synthetic system, iDePP (Inducible Depletion of PI(4,5)P2 in Plants), that efficiently removes PI(4,5)P2 from the plasma membrane in different organs of Arabidopsis thaliana, including root meristem, root hair and shoot apical meristem. We show that iDePP allows the inducible depletion of PI(4,5)P2 in less than three hours. Using this strategy, we reveal that PI(4,5)P2 is critical for cortical microtubule organization. Together, we propose that iDePP is a simple and efficient genetic tool to test the importance of PI(4,5)P2 in given cellular or developmental responses but also to evaluate the importance of this lipid in protein localization.Research OrganismA. thaliana

scholarly journals TRM 4 is essential for cellulose deposition in Arabidopsis seed mucilage by maintaining cortical microtubule organization and interacting with CESA 3

2018 ◽  
Vol 221 (2) ◽  
pp. 881-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Cătălin Voiniciuc ◽  
Lanbao Fu ◽  
Sabine Dieluweit ◽  
Holger Klose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Arabidopsis Seed ◽  
Cellulose Deposition ◽  
Seed Mucilage

Regulation of stomatal movement by cortical microtubule organization in response to darkness and ABA signaling in Arabidopsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Qu ◽  
Ping Song ◽  
Yanwei Hu ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Qianru Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Stomatal Movement ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Microtubule Organization

scholarly journals GR24, A Synthetic Strigolactone Analog, and Light Affect the Organization of Cortical Microtubules in Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Krasylenko ◽  
George Komis ◽  
Sofiia Hlynska ◽  
Tereza Vavrdová ◽  
Miroslav Ovečka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Cortical Microtubules ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Structured Illumination Microscopy ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Microtubule Organization

Strigolactones are plant hormones regulating cytoskeleton-mediated developmental events in roots, such as lateral root formation and elongation of root hairs and hypocotyls. The latter process was addressed herein by the exogenous application of a synthetic strigolactone, GR24, and an inhibitor of strigolactone biosynthesis, TIS108, on hypocotyls of wild-type Arabidopsis and a strigolactone signaling mutant max2-1 (more axillary growth 2-1). Owing to the interdependence between light and strigolactone signaling, the present work was extended to seedlings grown under a standard light/dark regime, or under continuous darkness. Given the essential role of the cortical microtubules in cell elongation, their organization and dynamics were characterized under the conditions of altered strigolactone signaling using fluorescence microscopy methods with different spatiotemporal capacities, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and structured illumination microscopy (SIM). It was found that GR24-dependent inhibition of hypocotyl elongation correlated with changes in cortical microtubule organization and dynamics, observed in living wild-type and max2-1 seedlings stably expressing genetically encoded fluorescent molecular markers for microtubules. Quantitative assessment of microscopic datasets revealed that chemical and/or genetic manipulation of strigolactone signaling affected microtubule remodeling, especially under light conditions. The application of GR24 in dark conditions partially alleviated cytoskeletal rearrangement, suggesting a new mechanistic connection between cytoskeletal behavior and the light-dependence of strigolactone signaling.

scholarly journals Microtubule-based perception of mechanical conflicts controls plant organ morphogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee Stöckle ◽  
Blanca Jazmin Reyes-Hernández ◽  
Amaya Vilches Barro ◽  
Milica Nenadic ◽  
Zsófia Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
Lateral Root Initiation ◽  
Root Morphogenesis

ABSTRACTPrecise coordination between cells and tissues is essential for differential growth in plants. During lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, the endodermis is actively remodeled to allow outgrowth of the new organ. Here, we show that microtubule arrays facing lateral root founder cells display a higher order compared to arrays on the opposite wall of the same cell, and this asymmetry is required for endodermal remodeling and lateral root initiation. We identify that MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 70-5 is necessary for the establishment of this spatially defined microtubule organization and endodermis remodeling, and thus contributes to lateral root morphogenesis. We propose that MAP70-5 and cortical microtubule arrays in the endodermis integrate the mechanical signals generated by lateral root outgrowth, facilitating the channeling of organogenesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document