Iron chelation and nanoparticle target delivery in the development of new multifunctional disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer’s disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Ping Men ◽  
Xiongwei Zhu ◽  
George Perry
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Target Delivery ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Disease Modifying

scholarly journals Regulatory and Health Technology Assessment Considerations for Disease-Modifying Drugs in Alzheimer’s Disease

CNS Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1085-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacoline C. Bouvy ◽  
Pall Jonsson ◽  
Diana O’Rourke ◽  
Antonella Santuccione Chadha ◽  
Niklas Hedberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Disease Modifying

scholarly journals Alzheimer’s Disease: Current and Future Treatments. A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Evelyn Chou
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Nmda Antagonists ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Plaque Deposition ◽  
The Future ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Future Treatments

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a currently incurable neurodegenerative disorder whose treatment poses a big challenge. Proposed causes of AD include the cholinergic, amyloid and tau hypotheses. Current therapeutic treatments have been aimed at dealing with the neurotransmitter imbalance. These include cholinesterase inhibitors and N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. However, current therapeutics have been unable to halt AD progression. Much research has gone into the development of disease-modifying drugs to interfere with the course of the disease. Approaches include secretase inhibition and immunotherapy aimed at reducing plaque deposition. However, these have not been successful in curing AD as yet. It is believed that the main reason why therapeutics have failed to work is that treatment begins too late in the course of the disease. The future of AD treatment thus appears to lie with prevention rather than cure. In this article, current therapeutics and, from there, the future of AD treatment are discussed.

Non-cognitive outcomes in trials of disease-modifying drugs for Alzheimer's disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zekry ◽  
C.E. Graf ◽  
S.V. Giannelli ◽  
G. Gold ◽  
J.-P. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Disease Modifying

scholarly journals New Approacher in the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease Modifying Drugs

2021 ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Research Level ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Pathological Stages

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease is a more common neurodegenerative disease, affecting 25 million people worldwide, or accounting for about 60 to 70% of all dementia cases. There is currently no exact mechanism to explain the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, however, cascading metabolic amyloid and post-translational review of tau protein are used as major hypotheses. Objective: To demonstrate in the literature new approaches in the development of Alzheimer’s disease modifiers. Methodology: For the accomplishment of this study made in the bibliographical survey of scientific literature and respect to the approached subject, in the databases PUBMED, ScienceDirect, Scielo and Scopus. Results: Alzheimer’s disease-modifying drugs are not yet available, but many patients may, however, develop phase III clinical trials and are intended to modify as pathological stages leading to the disease. As disease-modifying therapies under study, these changes also affect Aβ and tau protein and also cause inflammation and oxidative damage. The results obtained in the clinical trials performed were positive and promising and are still under study. The results show that there is still a long way to go in the development of Alzheimer’s disease modifying drugs. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that there is still a long way to go in the development of Alzheimer’s disease modifying drugs, but nevertheless levels at the research level should be continued in order to improve the pathophysiology of the disease and find an effective treatment for this disease the same.

Recommendations for Preclinical Testing of Treatments Against Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Epileptiform Spikes in Transgenic Rodent Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Nanxiang Jin ◽  
Claudio Babiloni ◽  
Wilhelmus H. Drinkenburg ◽  
Mihály Hajós ◽  
Haakon B. Nygaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Preclinical Testing ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Discovery Research ◽  
Drug Discovery Research ◽  
Disease Modifying

Recent evidence suggests that about 30%of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) without a known diagnosis of epilepsy may display epileptiform spikes during electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. These abnormal discharges occur predominantly during sleep and may be associated with accelerated disease progression. Subclinical spikes may represent a relevant target for clinical drug interventions, and there is a clear unmet need for preclinical testing of novel disease modifying agents in suitable animal models. Transgenic rodent models of AD pathology exhibit various forms of epileptiform EEG activity related to the abnormal levels of amyloid species in the brain. Among them, large-amplitude cortical and hippocampal EEG spikes in mouse and rat AD models may be reminiscent of the subclinical epileptiform EEG spikes recorded in some AD patients. This article reports the recommendations of a multidisciplinary panel of experts on optimal EEG markers and experimental designs to measure and report epileptiform activities and their response to symptomatic and disease-modifying drugs in transgenic AD model rodents. These recommendations may harmonize future preclinical EEG studies in the drug discovery research and may increase the comparability of experimental outcomes and their translational clinical value.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease Contains Increased Percentages of Synaptophysin-Bearing Microvesicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Utz ◽  
Judith Berner ◽  
Luis Enrique Muñoz ◽  
Timo Jan Oberstein ◽  
Johannes Kornhuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cells Of Origin ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Stressed Cells

IntroductionIn Alzheimer’s disease, the severity of symptoms is linked to a loss of synaptic density and the spread of pathologically hyperphosphorylated tau. The established cerebrospinal fluid markers Aβ, tau and phospho-tau reflect the histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease but do not indicate disease progression. Such markers are of special interest, especially for trials of disease modifying drugs. Microvesicles are produced by stressed cells and reflect part of the metabolism of their cells of origin. Therefore, we investigated microvesicles of neuronal origin in cerebrospinal fluid.Materials and MethodsWe used flow cytometry to analyze microvesicles carrying tau, phospho-tau-Thr181, phospho-tau-Ser202Thr205, synaptophysin, and SNAP-25 in the cerebrospinal fluid of 19 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 15 non-inflammatory neurological disease controls.ResultsThe percentages of synaptophysin-bearing microvesicles were significantly higher in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer’s disease than in the CSF of non-inflammatory neurological disease controls. Tau, phospho-tau-Thr181, phospho-tau-Ser202Thr205, and SNAP-25 did not differ between the groups. The percentages of synaptophysin-bearing vesicles distinguished patients with Alzheimer’s disease from the controls (AUC = 0.81).ConclusionThe loss of synapses in Alzheimer’s disease may be reflected by synaptophysin-bearing microvesicles in the cerebrospinal fluid. Future studies are needed to investigate the possibility of using these MVs as a marker to determine the activity of Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Disease-modifying treatment with I2 imidazoline receptor ligand LSL60101 in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model : A Comparative study with donepezil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotini Vasilopoulou ◽  
Sergio Rodríguez-Arevalo ◽  
Andrea Bagán ◽  
Carmen Escolano ◽  
Christian Griñán-Ferré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Synaptic Markers ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
5Xfad Mice

Background and Purpose: The development of effective therapeutic strategies against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a challenge. I2 Imidazoline receptors (I2-IR) ligands have a neuroprotective role in AD. While co-treatment of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with neuroprotective agents have shown better effects on the prevention of dementia. Here, we assessed the potential therapeutic effect of the I2-IR ligand LSL60101, donepezil and their combination in 5XFAD mice. Experimental Approach: 5XFAD female mice were treated with low doses of LSL60101 (1mg/kg/day), donepezil (1mg/kg/day), and donepezil plus LSL60101 (1+1mg/kg/day), during 4 weeks per os. Novel object recognition, Morris water maze, open field, elevated plus maze and three-chamber tests were employed to evaluate the cognitive and behavioural status of the mice after treatment. The effects of the treatments on AD-like pathology were assessed with immunohistochemistry, Western blot and qPCR. Key results: Chronic low-dose treatment with LSL60101 and donepezil reversed cognitive deficits and impaired social behaviour. LSL60101 treatment did not affect anxiety-like behaviour in contrast to donepezil. In the 5XFAD brains, LSL60101 and donepezil/LSL60101 treatments decreased Aβ-pathology and Tau hyperphosphorylation, and these alterations were accompanied by decreased microglia marker Iba-1 levels and increased Trem2 gene expression. LSL60601 and donepezil decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytic marker reactivity. However, only LSL60601 treatment significantly increased the levels of the synaptic markers post-density 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYN). Conclusion and implications: Our results suggest that chronic low dose treatment with selective I2-IR ligands can be an effective treatment for AD and provide insights into combination treatments of symptomatic and disease-modifying drugs

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