Farnesoid X receptor: from medicinal chemistry to clinical applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 877-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Fiorucci ◽  
Andrea Mencarelli ◽  
Elenora Distrutti ◽  
Angela Zampella
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor

Recent Advances in the Medicinal Chemistry of Farnesoid X Receptor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanying Fang ◽  
Lamees Hegazy ◽  
Brian N. Finck ◽  
Bahaa Elgendy
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Recent Advances

Farnesoid X Receptor: From Structure to Potential Clinical Applications

ChemInform ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Pellicciari ◽  
Gabriele Costantino ◽  
Stefano Fiorucci
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor

Methods to Access 2-aminobenzimidazoles of Medicinal Importance

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
pp. 2573-2597
Author(s):  
Alejandro Cruz ◽  
Itzia I. Padilla Martínez ◽  
Angel A. Ramos-Organillo
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Electron System ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Amino Group ◽  
Labile Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Lone Pairs ◽  
Guanidine Moiety

: Benzimidazole (BI) and derivatives are interesting because several of these compounds have been found to have a diversity of biological activities with clinical applications. In view of their importance, the synthesis of BI and its derivatives is still considered as a challenge for synthetic chemists. Examples of compounds used in medicinal chemistry containing BI, as important nucleus, are Astemizole (antihistaminic), Omeprazole (antiulcerative) and Rabendazole (fungicide), some of these compounds have the 2- aminobenzimidazole (2ABI) as base nucleus. The structure of 2ABI derivatives contains a cyclic guanidine moiety, which is interesting because of its free lone pairs, labile hydrogen atoms and planar delocalized structure. The delocalized 10-π electron system and the extension of the electron conjugation with the exocyclic amino group, in 2ABI, making these heterocycles to have amphoteric character. The 2ABI has been used as building blocks for the synthesis of several BI derivatives as medicinally important molecules. On these bases, herein, we present a bibliographic review concerning the recent methodologies used in the synthesis of 2ABIs, including the substituted ones.

Targeting Farnesoid-X-Receptor: From Medicinal Chemistry to Disease Treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fiorucci ◽  
A. Mencarelli ◽  
E. Distrutti ◽  
G. Palladino ◽  
S. Cipriani
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Disease Treatment

Medicinal chemistry of farnesoid X receptor ligands: from agonists and antagonists to modulators

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Merk ◽  
Dieter Steinhilber ◽  
Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Receptor Ligands

Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacological Effects of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Antagonists

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 2188-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Lamers ◽  
Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz ◽  
Daniel Merk
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Pharmacological Effects

Farnesoid X Receptor:  From Structure to Potential Clinical Applications

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (17) ◽  
pp. 5383-5403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Pellicciari ◽  
Gabriele Costantino ◽  
Stefano Fiorucci
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor

Specimen Preparation for Clinical Applications of X-Ray Microanalysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
J.D. Shelburne ◽  
G.M. Roomans
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Coating ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sweat Test ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gallbladder Stones ◽  
Clinical Problems

Proper preparative procedures are a prerequisite for the validity of the results of x-ray microanalysis of biological tissue. Clinical applications of x-ray microanalysis are often concerned with diagnostic problems and the results may have profound practical significance for the patient. From this point of view it is especially important that specimen preparation for clinical applications is carried out correctly.Some clinical problems require very little tissue preparation. Hair, nails, and kidney and gallbladder stones may be examined and analyzed after carbon coating. High levels of zinc or copper in hair may be indicative of dermatological or systemic diseases. Nail clippings may be analyzed (as an alternative to the more conventional sweat test) to confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. X-ray microanalysis in combination with scanning electron microscopy has been shown to be the most reliable method for the identification of the components of kidney or gallbladder stones.A quantitatively very important clinical application of x-ray microanalysis is the identification and quantification of asbestos and other exogenous particles in lung.

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