Water constituents that affect the performance of nanomaterials

2013 ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Kaoru Ikuma ◽  
Boris LT Lau
Keyword(s):  
Water Constituents

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF SEA RADIANCE COEFFICIENT SPECTRA MEASURED REMOTELY IN COASTAL WATERS OF FIVE SEAS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rostovtseva ◽  
Vera Rostovtseva ◽  
Igor Goncharenko ◽  
Igor Goncharenko ◽  
Dmitrii Khlebnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Constituents ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Baltic

Sea radiance coefficient, defined as the ratio of the sunlight reflected by the water bulk to the sunlight illuminating the water surface, is one of the most informative optical characteristics of the seawater that can be obtained by passive remote sensing. We got the sea radiance coefficient spectra by processing the data obtained in measurements from board a moving ship. Using sea radiance coefficient optical spectra it is possible to estimate water constituents concentration and their distribution over the aquatory of interest. However, thus obtained sea radiance coefficient spectra are strongly affected by weather and measurement conditions and needs some calibration. It was shown that practically all the spectra of sea radiance coefficient have some generic peculiarities regardless of the type of sea waters. These peculiarities can be explained by the spectrum of pure sea water absorption. Taking this into account a new calibration method was developed. The measurements were carried out with the portative spectroradiometers from board a ship in the five different seas: at the north-east coast of the Black Sea, in the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea, in the west part of the Aral Sea, in the Kara Sea with the Ob’ Bay and in the Philippine Sea at the coast of Taiwan. The new method of calibration was applied to the obtained spectra of the sea radiance coefficient that enabled us to get the corresponding absorption spectra and estimate the water constituents concentration in every region. The obtained concentration estimates were compared to the values obtained in water samples taken during the same measurement cycle and available data from other investigations. The revealed peculiarities of the sea radiance coefficient spectra in the aquatories under exploration were compared to the corresponding water content and some characteristic features were discussed.

Influence of mineral water constituents, organic matter and water matrices on the performance of the H2O2/IO4−-advanced oxidation process

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1985-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Elhouda Chadi ◽  
Slimane Merouani ◽  
Oualid Hamdaoui ◽  
Mohammed Bouhelassa ◽  
Muthupandian Ashokkumar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Water Constituents

We have recently reported that the reaction of H2O2/IO4− could be a new advanced oxidation process for water treatment [N. E. Chadi, S. Merouani, O. Hamdaoui, M. Bouhelassa and M. Ashokkumar, Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2019, 5, 1113–1123].

scholarly journals Drinking Water Constituents and Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 423S-425S ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnar Rylander
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Constituents

Freeze concentration for enrichment of nutrients in yellow water from no-mix toilets

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gulyas ◽  
P. Bruhn ◽  
M. Furmanska ◽  
K. Hartrampf ◽  
K. Kot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Falling Film ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Stirred Vessel ◽  
Multistage Processes ◽  
Freeze Concentration ◽  
Ecological Sanitation ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Water Constituents

Separately collected urine (“yellow water”) can be utilized as fertilizer. In order to decrease storage volumes and energy consumption for yellow water transport to fields, enrichment of nutrients in yellow water has to be considered. Laboratory-scale batch freeze concentration of yellow water has been tested in ice-front freezing apparatus: a stirred vessel and a falling film freeze concentrator (coolant temperatures: -6 to -16°C). With progressing enrichment of the liquid concentrate, the frozen ice was increasingly contaminated with yellow water constituents (ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, TOC, and salts determined as conductivity). The higher the initial salinity of the yellow water and the lower the mechanical agitation of the liquid phase contacting the growing ice front, the more the frozen ice was contaminated. The results indicate, that in ice-front freezing devices multistage processes are necessary, i.e. the melted ice phase has to be purified (and the concentrates must be further enriched) in a second or even in a third stage. Energy consumption of this process is very high. However, technical scale suspension freeze concentration is reasonable in centralized ecological sanitation schemes if the population exceeds 0.5 million and distance of yellow water transportation to fields is more than 80 km.

Halide-specific enhancement of photodegradation for sulfadiazine in estuarine waters: Roles of halogen radicals and main water constituents

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Zhao ◽  
Qi Fang ◽  
Huaying Liu ◽  
Yingjie Li ◽  
Huishu Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estuarine Waters ◽  
Specific Enhancement ◽  
Water Constituents
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