Bionanomaterials: current developments to prevent biofilm formation by Candida species

2014 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz ◽  
Daniel Hernández-Cruz ◽  
Everardo López-Romero ◽  
Arturo Vega-González
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation

scholarly journals Symbiotic NCR Peptide Fragments Affect the Viability, Morphology and Biofilm Formation of Candida Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3666
Author(s):  
Bettina Szerencsés ◽  
Attila Gácser ◽  
Gabriella Endre ◽  
Ildikó Domonkos ◽  
Hilda Tiricz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Anticandidal Activity

The increasing rate of fungal infections causes global problems not only in human healthcare but agriculture as well. To combat fungal pathogens limited numbers of antifungal agents are available therefore alternative drugs are needed. Antimicrobial peptides are potent candidates because of their broad activity spectrum and their diverse mode of actions. The model legume Medicago truncatula produces >700 nodule specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides in symbiosis and many of them have in vitro antimicrobial activities without considerable toxicity on human cells. In this work we demonstrate the anticandidal activity of the NCR335 and NCR169 peptide derivatives against five Candida species by using the micro-dilution method, measuring inhibition of biofilm formation with the XTT (2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide) assay, and assessing the morphological change of dimorphic Candida species by microscopy. We show that both the N- and C-terminal regions of NCR335 possess anticandidal activity as well as the C-terminal sequence of NCR169. The active peptides inhibit biofilm formation and the yeast-hypha transformation. Combined treatment of C. auris with peptides and fluconazole revealed synergistic interactions and reduced 2-8-fold the minimal inhibitory concentrations. Our results demonstrate that shortening NCR peptides can even enhance and broaden their anticandidal activity and therapeutic potential.

Molecular diagnosis and antifungal resistance and biofilm production profiles among Candida species isolated from immunocompromised patients at Menoufia University Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Mabrouk M Ghonaim ◽  
Azza Z. Labeeb ◽  
Alyaa I. Eliwa ◽  
Eman H. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Vitek 2

Background: Accurate and rapid identification of Candida species is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment of candidiasis due to emergences of drug-resistant strains especially among immunocompromised patients. Objectives: Identification of Candida clinical isolates to the species level using different phenotypic and molecular methods. Biofilm-forming ability and antifungal resistance were also studied. Methodology: Sixty-nine Candida strains were isolated from 220 immunocompromised patients. Identification was performed using chromogenic Candida agar, VITEK 2 system and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Biofilm formation was detected by the tube method and antifungal susceptibility was tested using the VITEK2 system. Results: The most common source of Candida isolates was from urine (33.3%) and ICUs (56.6%). VITEK 2 system detected 9 spp.: C. albicans (34.8%), C. tropicalis (21.7%), C. famata (8.7%), C. lusitaniae (7.2%), C. cruzi (7.2%), C. ciferri (5.8%), C. dubliniensis (5.8%), C. parapsilosis (5.8 %) and C. glabrata. Candida isolates showed high resistance to flucytocine (49.3%), and high sensitivity to fluconazole, micafungin, voriconazole and caspofungin (88.4%, 81.2% and 81.2 % respectively). Only 30.4% of all Candida isolates were biofilm producers. There was a positive relationship between antifungal resistance and biofilm formation among Candida isolates. Conclusion: C. albicans was the predominant species. Chromogenic Candida agar and VITEK 2 system were valuable tests compared to PCR in speciation of Candida isolates. Antifungal susceptibility was significantly related to biofilm production and its evaluation is important for proper treatment..

Effect of Farnesol on Biofilm Formation and Susceptibility to Fluconazole by Different Candida Species Isolated from Neonatal and Pediatric ICUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Abdelhamid , Amira E. ◽  
Zaki , Sanaa M. I. ◽  
Ahmed , Ola I. ◽  
Fathi , Marwa S. M. ◽  
Abu Shady , Nancy M. R.
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation

scholarly journals Plant-Derived Substances in the Fight Against Infections Caused by Candida Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6131
Author(s):  
Ibeth Guevara-Lora ◽  
Grazyna Bras ◽  
Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta ◽  
Miriam González-González ◽  
Kinga Ceballos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces

Yeast-like fungi from the Candida genus are predominantly harmless commensals that colonize human skin and mucosal surfaces, but under conditions of impaired host immune system change into dangerous pathogens. The pathogenicity of these fungi is typically accompanied by increased adhesion and formation of complex biofilms, making candidal infections challenging to treat. Although a variety of antifungal drugs have been developed that preferably attack the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane, these pathogens have acquired novel defense mechanisms that make them resistant to standard treatment. This causes an increase in the incidence of candidiasis and enforces the urgent need for an intensified search for new specifics that could be helpful, alone or synergistically with traditional drugs, for controlling Candida pathogenicity. Currently, numerous reports have indicated the effectiveness of plant metabolites as potent antifungal agents. These substances have been shown to inhibit growth and to alter the virulence of different Candida species in both the planktonic and hyphal form and during the biofilm formation. This review focuses on the most recent findings that provide evidence of decreasing candidal pathogenicity by different substances of plant origin, with a special emphasis on the mechanisms of their action. This is a particularly important issue in the light of the currently increasing frequency of emerging Candida strains and species resistant to standard antifungal treatment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Zuccagnia punctata, an Argentine Medicinal Plant, on Virulence Factors from Candida Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuño Gabriela ◽  
Alberto María Rosa ◽  
Zampini Iris Catiana ◽  
Cuello Soledad ◽  
Ordoñez Roxana Mabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Invasion Mechanisms ◽  
Candida Biofilm

Zuccagnia punctata Cav. has been used as a traditional medicine in Argentina for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. In this study, we evaluated the ability of Z. punctata extract (ZpE) and compounds isolated from it to inhibit the growth and virulence factors of Candida species. ZpE showed inhibitory activity against planktonic cells of all assayed Candida species with MIC values of 400 μg/mL and with MFC values between 400 and 1,200 μg/mL. The principal identified compounds by HPLC-MS/MS and UV-VIS were chalcones (2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxychalcone, 2′,4′- dihydroxychalcone), flavones (galangin, 3,7-dihydroxyflavone and chrysin) and flavanones (naringenin, 7-hydroxyflavanone and pinocembrine). These compounds were more effective as inhibitors than the extracts upon biofilm formation as well as on preformed Candida biofilm and yeast germ tube formation. Furthermore, ZpE and chalcones are able to inhibit exoenzymes, which are responsible for the invasion mechanisms of the pathogens. All these effects could moderate colonization, thereby suppressing the pathogen invasive potential. Our results indicate that ZpE and chalcones could be used in antifungal therapy.

Biofilm Formation by Candida Species on Silicone Surfaces and Latex Pacifier Nipples: An in vitro Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Cezar da Silveira ◽  
Senda Charone ◽  
Lucianne Cople Maia ◽  
Rosangela Maria de Araújo Soares ◽  
Maristela Barbosa Portela
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Biofilm Development

The present study assessed the growth and development of biofilm formation by isolates of C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis on silicone and latex pacifier nipples. The silicone and latex surfaces were evaluated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The plastic component of the nipple also seems to be an important factor regarding the biofilm formation by Candida spp. The biofilm growth was measured using the MTT reduction reaction. C. albicans was found to have a slightly greater capacity of forming biofilm compared to the other Candida species. Analysis of the pattern of biofilm development by C. albicans,C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis on latex and silicon pacifier shields showed an increased biofilm formation regarding the latter substrate. Silicone was shown to be more resistant to fungal colonization, particularly in the case of C. parapsilosis, despite the lack of any statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). In addition, silicone has a smoother surface compared to latex, whose surface was found to be rugose and irregular

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Naja pallida and Naja mossambica Venoms against Three Candida Species

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Ewelina Kuna ◽  
Aleksandra Bocian ◽  
Konrad K. Hus ◽  
Vladimir Petrilla ◽  
Monika Petrillova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Snake Venoms ◽  
Great Caution ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
High Concentrations

In contrast to comprehensively investigated antibacterial activity of snake venoms, namely crude venoms and their selected components, little is known about antifungal properties of elapid snake venoms. In the present study, the proteome of two venoms of red spitting cobra Naja pallida (NPV) and Mozambique spitting cobra Naja mossambica (NMV) was characterized using LC-MS/MS approach, and the antifungal activity of crude venoms against three Candida species was established. A complex response to venom treatment was revealed. NPV and NMV, when used at relatively high concentrations, decreased cell viability of C. albicans and C. tropicalis, affected cell cycle of C. albicans, inhibited C. tropicalis-based biofilm formation and promoted oxidative stress in C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis cells. NPV and NMV also modulated ammonia pulses during colony development and aging in three Candida species. All these observations provide evidence that NPV and NMV may diminish selected pathogenic features of Candida species. However, NPV and NMV also promoted the secretion of extracellular phospholipases that may facilitate Candida pathogenicity and limit their usefulness as anti-candidal agents. In conclusion, antifungal activity of snake venoms should be studied with great caution and a plethora of pathogenic biomarkers should be considered in the future experiments.

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