scholarly journals Estimating Groundwater Mixing Ratios from Vertical Flux Processes due to Excessive Groundwater Pumping Using Hydrogeochemical Parameters and Nitrate Concentrations in the Bandung Basin, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Taufiq ◽  
Takahiro Hosono ◽  
Irwan Iskandar ◽  
Agus Jatnika Effendi ◽  
Lambok Maringan Hutasoit
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Flux ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Groundwater Mixing ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Parameters

Untangling transient groundwater mixing and travel times with noble gas time series and numerical modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Popp ◽  
Álvaro Pardo-Álvarez ◽  
Oliver S. Schilling ◽  
Stéphanie Musy ◽  
Andreas Scheidegger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Groundwater Mixing

<p class="western"><span lang="en-US">The quality and quantity of alluvial groundwater in mountainous areas are particularly susceptible to the effects of climate change, as well as increasing pollution from agriculture and urbanization. Understanding mixing between surface water and groundwater as well as groundwater travel times in such systems is thus crucial to sustain a safe and sufficient water supply. We used a novel combination of real-time, in-situ noble gas analysis to quantify groundwater mixing of recently infiltrated river water (<em>F<sub>rw</sub></em><!-- Please note that everything in “$$” will look differently once submitted -->) and regional groundwater, as well as travel times of <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em> during a two-month groundwater pumping test carried out at a drinking water wellfield in a prealpine valley in Switzerland. Transient groundwater mixing ratios were calculated using helium-4 concentrations combined with a Bayesian end-member mixing model. Having identified the groundwater fraction of <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em> consequently allowed us to infer the travel times from the stream to the wellfield, estimated based on radon-222 activities of <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em>. Additionally, we compared and validated our tracer-based estimates of <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em> using a calibrated surface water-groundwater model. Our findings show that (i) mean travel times of <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em> are in the order of two weeks, (ii) during most of the experiment, <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em> is substantially high (~70\%), and (iii) increased groundwater pumping only has a marginal effect on groundwater mixing ratios and travel times. The high fraction of <em>F<sub>rw</sub></em> in the abstracted groundwater and its short travel times emphasize the vulnerability of mountainous regions to present and predicted environmental changes.</span></p>

Estimating groundwater mixing ratios and their uncertainties using a statistical multi parameter approach

2005 ◽  
Vol 305 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joerg Rueedi ◽  
Roland Purtschert ◽  
Urs Beyerle ◽  
Carmen Alberich ◽  
Rolf Kipfer
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Groundwater Mixing ◽  
Parameter Approach

Hydrochemical variation during groundwater mixing: a case study with multivariate statistical approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 399-408
Author(s):  
Linhua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Mass Balance Calculation ◽  
Hydraulic Connection ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Groundwater Mixing ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Approach ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Mixed Samples

Identification of groundwater mixing and calculation of the mixing ratios between aquifers are important work for hydrological studies and safety of coal mining. In this study, multivariate statistical methods including factor and cluster analysis have been presented for identification of groundwater mixing status in the Renlou coal mine, northern Anhui Province, China. The methods include three steps: identification of hydraulic connection between aquifers by using factor score plots in combination with Q-mode cluster analysis, selection of end members and mass balance calculation for revealing mixing ratios. The hydraulic connection between loose layer and limestone aquifers have been identified in the Renlou coal mine, and three representative end member water samples, as well as mixed samples have been identified. Moreover, the mixing ratios for mixed samples are also calculated. The results indicate that the methods can be used for identification of mixing and quantification of mixing ratios in groundwater systems.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE REGENERATION OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1120G-1120
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
C. T. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Differentiation ◽  
Whole Plants

Several growth hormone combinations and silver nitrate concentrations were examined for their effect on regeneration of different pepper genotypes. Primary leaf explants from in vitro seedlings were cultured on a revised Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with auxin, cytokinin and 1.6% glucose. Combinations of different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 0-5 mg/l, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0-5 mg/l, were tested to determine the most effective medium for shoot primordium formation. Experiments with IAA and BAP did not result in a specific growth hormone combination appropriate for regeneration of all genotypes tested. Of the silver nitrate concentrations tested, 10 mg/l resulted in the best shoot and leaf differentiation and reduced callus formation. Differences in organogenic response of individual genotypes were evaluated on a single regeneration medium. Whole plants were regenerated from 11 of 63 genotypes examined. Based on these experiments, a reproducible regeneration system for pepper was developed with a total of 500 plants regenerated to date.

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