scholarly journals Long-term trends in the development of the epidemiology of breast cancer in the Slovak and Czech Republic with reference to applied screening and international comparisons

Neoplasma ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (01) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ondrusova ◽  
J. Muzik ◽  
S. Durdik ◽  
D. Ondrus
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Long Term Trends

scholarly journals Long-Term Trends in News Content

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Humprecht ◽  
Linards Udris
Keyword(s):  
International Comparisons ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
News Content ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The way news is produced and consumed has changed dramatically during the first two decades of the 21st century due to digitalization and economic pressures. In a globalized world, current events are reported in almost real time in various countries and are diffused rapidly via social media. Thus much scholarly attention is devoted to determining whether these developments have changed news content. Comparative research in the area of journalism focuses on whether news content across countries converges over time and to what degree national differences persist across countries. When studying the research on long-term trends in news content, three main observations can be made. First, theoretical assumptions are often rooted in different models of democracies, but they are rarely explicitly discussed. Second, many studies focus on the organizational level using theoretical concepts related to increased market orientation of news outlets, such as personalization, emotionalization, or scandalization. Furthermore, commercialization is associated with the effects of digitalization and globalization, namely, decreased advertising revenues and increased competition. A commonly expressed fear is that these changes have consequences for democracy and informed citizenship. Third, in recent years, there has been a steady increase of studies employing international comparisons as well as a growing standardization for measurements. These developments lead to more multicountry studies based on large samples but come at the expense of more fine-grained analysis of the way news content changes over time. Finally, the vast majority of cross-national and single-country studies focus on Western democracies. Thus our knowledge about recent changes in news content is limited to a small set of countries. Overall, many studies provide evidence for constant changes of news content driven by social, political, and economic developments. However, different media systems exhibit a sustained resilience toward transnational pressures reflected in a persistence of national differences in news content over time.

scholarly journals Long-Term Trends of Air Pollution at National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice (ACTRIS, EMEP, GAW)

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Milan Váňa ◽  
Adéla Holubová Smejkalová ◽  
Jaroslava Svobodová ◽  
Pavel Machálek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Long Term Trends

The National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice operated by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute was established in 1988 as a station specializing in air quality monitoring at the background scale. The observatory is located in the free area outside of the settlement and represents the Czech Republic in various international projects. The objective of the present study is to detect the long-term trends of air quality at the background scale of the Czech Republic. The statistical method used for trend analysis is based on the nonparametric Mann–Kendall test. Generally, the results show that the fundamental drop in emission of basic air pollutants was reflected in the significant decrease in pollution levels. A most significant drop was detected for sulphur. No trend was found for NO2 in 1990–2012, but a visibly decreasing tendency was registered in the last 7 years. A slightly decreasing trend was registered for O3 in the whole period, but a slightly increasing tendency was found after 2006. More importantly, the number of episodes exceeding the target value for human health dropped significantly. The reduction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions was reflected in a statistically significant decrease of concentrations. Only isoprene, which is of natural origin, displays an inverse trend. Concentrations of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) dropped since 2010, but only for EC is the trend statistically significant.

scholarly journals Response of sulphur dynamics in European catchments to decreasing sulphate deposition

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Prechtel ◽  
C. Alewell ◽  
M. Armbruster ◽  
J. Bittersohl ◽  
J. M. Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Sulphur Deposition ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Sulphate Deposition ◽  
Long Term Trends

Abstract. Following the decline in sulphur deposition in Europe, sulphate dynamics of catchments and the reversibility of anthropogenic acidification of soils and freshwaters became of major interest. Long-term trends in sulphate concentrations and fluxes in precipitation/throughfall and freshwaters of 20 European catchments were analysed to evaluate catchment response to decreasing sulphate deposition. Sulphate deposition in the catchments studied declined by 38-82% during the last decade. Sulphate concentrations in all freshwaters decreased significantly, but acidification reversal was clearly delayed in the German streams. In Scandinavian streams and Czech/Slovakian lakes sulphate concentrations responded quickly to decreased input. Sulphate fluxes in run-off showed no clear trend in Germany and Italy but decreased in Scandinavia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The decrease, however, was less than the decline in input fluxes. While long-term sulphate output fluxes from catchments were generally correlated to input fluxes, most catchments started a net release of sulphate during the early 1990s. Release of stored sulphate leads to a delay of acidification reversal and can be caused by four major processes. Desorption and excess mineralisation were regarded as the most important for the catchments investigated, while oxidation and weathering were of lesser importance for the long-term release of sulphate. Input from weathering has to be considered for the Italian catchments. Sulphate fluxes in German catchments, with deeply weathered soils and high soil storage capacity, responded more slowly to decreased deposition than catchments in Scandinavia and the Czech Republic/Slovakia, which have thin soils and relatively small sulphate storage. For predictions of acidification reversal, soil characteristics, sulphur pools and their dynamics have to be evaluated in future research. Keywords: acidification reversal, sulphur, sulphate release, Europe, catchments, deposition, lake, stream

scholarly journals Economic results of agricultural enterprises in 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Střeleček ◽  
J. Lososová ◽  
R. Zdeněk
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Long Term Trends

Every year, an analysis of economic results of a sample of agricultural enterprises farming in various production and climatic conditions in the territory of the Czech Republic is carried out by applying economic statistical methods. Based on these results, long-term trends of economic results and their influencing factors are defined. This article is based on the analysis of development of economic indicators of a sample of agricultural enterprises in the Czech Republic in the period 2003–2009, divided according to the proportion of the LFA. The year 2009 brought, in comparison with the previous years, a strong deterioration in economic results. In 2009, the economic result was the worst during the whole monitored period. The decrease in the average number of workers together with the increase in labour productivity manifests a long-term tendency. Agricultural subsidies tend also to grow in the long-term even though their growth has been slowing down.

Long-Term Trends in Stream Nitrate Concentrations and Losses Across Watersheds Undergoing Recovery from Acidification in the Czech Republic

Ecosystems ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Oulehle ◽  
William H. McDowell ◽  
Jacqueline A. Aitkenhead-Peterson ◽  
Pavel Krám ◽  
Jakub Hruška ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Recovery From Acidification ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Stream Nitrate

scholarly journals Regional disparities in Czechia in 1990s in modern development context

Geografie ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Rudolf Štika
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Development Context ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Long Term Trends

Using a wide scale of indicators (economic, social and demographic) and different statistical methods for measuring variability (coefficient of variation, Gini's coefficient, Theil's index and standard deviation) this article tries to describe the evolution of regional variability during the 1990s in the Czech Republic in the context of long-term trends. Special attention is paid to a comparison of the variability figures in the 1990s with those in the 1920s and 1930s. An evaluation of the suitability of different indexes used in measuring regional variability is also made. The analysis proves that contemporary regional differentiation in the Czech Republic is not exceptional from the long-term perspective. The article also discusses the influence of the vertical and horizontal position of the regions on the success of their development in this respect. A brief international comparison at the end shows the position of Czech regional disparities within the group of EU countries.

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