scholarly journals Comparing chromosome damage induced by mobile telephony radiation and a high caffeine dose: Effect of combination and exposure duration

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (06) ◽  
pp. 531-544
Author(s):  
D. J. Panagopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Mobile Telephony ◽  
Chromosome Damage

Association Between Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cognitive Impairment

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013146
Author(s):  
Noemie Letellier ◽  
Laure-Anne Gutierrez ◽  
Corinne Pilorget ◽  
Fanny Artaud ◽  
Alexis Descatha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Cognitive Score ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
Formaldehyde Exposure

Objective:To our knowledge, no study has investigated the effect of exposure to formaldehyde on cognition in the general population. Our objective was to examine the association between occupational exposure to formaldehyde and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and young- old adults (≥45 years).Methods:In the French CONSTANCES cohort, cognitive function was assessed with a standardized battery of seven cognitive tests to evaluate global cognitive function, episodic verbal memory, language abilities and executive functions (e.g., Digit Symbol Substitution Test, DSST). A global cognitive score was created using principal component analysis. Cognitive impairment was assessed in reference to norms of neuropsychological battery according to age, sex and education. Lifetime exposure to formaldehyde was assessed using a French job-exposure matrix created in the framework of the Matgéné project. After performing multiple imputation, separate modified Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the association between cognitive impairment (<25th percentile) and formaldehyde exposure (exposed/never exposed), exposure duration, cumulative exposure index (CEI), and combination of CEI and time of last exposure.Results:Among 75 322 participants (median age: 57.5 years, women: 53%), 8% were exposed to formaldehyde during their professional life. These participants were at higher risk of global cognitive impairment (for global cognitive score: adjusted relative risk, aRR, 1.17, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.11-1.23), after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, education, income, solvent exposure, Effort–Reward Imbalance, night-shift, repetitive, and noisy work). They were at higher risk of cognitive impairment for all cognitive domains explored. Longer exposure duration and high CEI were associated with cognitive impairment, with a dose-effect relationship for exposure duration. Recent exposure was associated with impairment in all cognitive domains. Time did not fully attenuate formaldehyde-associated cognitive deficits especially in highly exposed individuals (for DSST: high past exposure aRR 1.23, 95%CI: 1.11-1.36; high recent exposure: aRR 1.24, 95%CI: 1.13-1.35).Conclusion:Our findings highlight the long-term detrimental effect of formaldehyde exposure on cognitive health in a relatively young population.

Review of the Radiation Damage Problem of Organic Specimens in Electron Microscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
L. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
Secondary Damage ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Damage Processes

Most information about a specimen is obtained by elastic scattering of electrons, but one cannot avoid inelastic scattering and therefore radiation damage by ionisation as a primary process of damage. This damage is a dose effect, being proportional to the product of lectron current density j and the irradiation time t in Coul.cm−2 as long as there is a negligible heating of the specimen.Therefore one has to determine the dose needed to produce secondary damage processes, which can be measured quantitatively by a chemical or physical effect in the thin specimen. The survival of micro-organisms or the decrease of photoconductivity and cathodoluminescence are such effects needing very small doses (see table).

Negative Life Events Associated With Deliberate Self-Harm in an African Population in Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kinyanda ◽  
H. Hjelmeland ◽  
S. Musisi
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Suicide Interventions

Abstract. Negative life events associated with deliberate self-harm (DSH) were investigated in an African context in Uganda. Patients admitted at three general hospitals in Kampala, Uganda were interviewed using a Luganda version (predominant language in the study area) of the European Parasuicide Study Interview Schedule I. The results of the life events and histories module are reported in this paper. The categories of negative life events in childhood that were significantly associated with DSH included those related to parents, significant others, personal events, and the total negative life events load in childhood. For the later-life time period, the negative life events load in the partner category and the total negative life events in this time period were associated with DSH. In the last-year time period, the negative life events load related to personal events and the total number of negative life events in this time period were associated with DSH. A statistically significant difference between the cases and controls for the total number of negative life events reported over the entire lifetime of the respondents was also observed, which suggests a dose effect of negative life events on DSH. Gender differences were also observed among the cases. In conclusion, life events appear to be an important factor in DSH in this cultural environment. The implication of these results for treatment and the future development of suicide interventions in this country are discussed.

Effects of color and exposure duration on perception of six biomes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Pratarelli ◽  
Brita Radzymski ◽  
Eric Ayers ◽  
Erica Tryon ◽  
Aaron Randall
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Duration

Radiopharmacology: Hazard or/and Benefit

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Flemming
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Late Effects ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Medical Radiology ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
In The Beginning

SummaryIn the beginning of medical radiology, only the benefit of ionizing radiation was obvious, and radiation was handled and applied generously. After late effects had become known, the radiation exposure was reduced to doses following which no such effects were found. Thus, it was assumed that one could obtain an optimal medical benefit without inducing any hazard. Later, due to experimental findings, hypotheses arose (linear dose-effect response, no time factor) which led to the opinion that even low and lowest radiation doses were relevant for the induction of late effects. A radiation fear grew, which was unintentionally strengthened by radiation protection decrees: even for low doses a radiation risk could be calculated. Therefore, it was believed that there could still exist a radiation hazard, and the radiation benefit remained in question. If, however, all presently known facts are considered, one must conclude that large radiation doses are hazardous and low doses are inefficient, whereas lowest doses have a biopositive effect. Ionizing radiation, therefore, may cause both, hazard as well as benefit. Which of the two effects prevails is determined by the level of dose.

AD SKIP BUTTON AND AD EXPOSURE DURATION: THE MODERATING ROLE OF MOTIVES IN PRE-ROLL ADS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1498-1502
Author(s):  
Yongwoog Andy Jeon ◽  
◽  
Yuhosua Ryoo ◽  
Kacy Kim ◽  
Sukki Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Moderating Role
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