scholarly journals May argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region-associated protein synthesis be used for selecting the most reliable dose of drugs such as rhamnetin in cancer treatments?

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 653-658
Author(s):  
T. Ertekin ◽  
O. Bozkurt ◽  
R. Eroz ◽  
M. Nisari ◽  
D. Bircan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Nucleolar Organizing Region

scholarly journals Targeting the Human 80S Ribosome in Cancer: From Structure to Function and Drug Design for Innovative Adjuvant Therapeutic Strategies

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Gilles ◽  
Léo Frechin ◽  
Kundhavai Natchiar ◽  
Giulia Biondani ◽  
Ottilie von Loeffelholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
80S Ribosome ◽  
Congenital Diseases ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

The human 80S ribosome is the cellular nucleoprotein nanomachine in charge of protein synthesis that is profoundly affected during cancer transformation by oncogenic proteins and provides cancerous proliferating cells with proteins and therefore biomass. Indeed, cancer is associated with an increase in ribosome biogenesis and mutations in several ribosomal proteins genes are found in ribosomopathies, which are congenital diseases that display an elevated risk of cancer. Ribosomes and their biogenesis therefore represent attractive anti-cancer targets and several strategies are being developed to identify efficient and specific drugs. Homoharringtonine (HHT) is the only direct ribosome inhibitor currently used in clinics for cancer treatments, although many classical chemotherapeutic drugs also appear to impact on protein synthesis. Here we review the role of the human ribosome as a medical target in cancer, and how functional and structural analysis combined with chemical synthesis of new inhibitors can synergize. The possible existence of oncoribosomes is also discussed. The emerging idea is that targeting the human ribosome could not only allow the interference with cancer cell addiction towards protein synthesis and possibly induce their death but may also be highly valuable to decrease the levels of oncogenic proteins that display a high turnover rate (MYC, MCL1). Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an advanced method that allows the visualization of human ribosome complexes with factors and bound inhibitors to improve our understanding of their functioning mechanisms mode. Cryo-EM structures could greatly assist the foundation phase of a novel drug-design strategy. One goal would be to identify new specific and active molecules targeting the ribosome in cancer such as derivatives of cycloheximide, a well-known ribosome inhibitor.

Are there any effects of chronic carbon monoxide exposure on argyrophilic nucleolar-organizing region–associated protein synthesis in rat myocardium?

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 921-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Saritas ◽  
H Gunes ◽  
S Colakoglu ◽  
R Eroz ◽  
A Akoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Nucleolar Organizing Region ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean

The aims of the study are to detect whether there are any possible effects of chronic carbon monoxide (CO) exposure on the argyrophilic nucleolar-organizing region (AgNOR)–associated protein synthesis and evaluate any possible relationship between the amount of AgNOR protein and the level of myocardial injury also and between AgNOR and histopathological evaluation methods. Adult male albino Wistar rats ( n = 18) were randomly divided into three groups (groups A, B, and C). Group A served as control, while groups B and C were rats exposed to CO gas chronically (1000 and 3000 ppm CO concentration with a flow rate of 4 L/min for 30 min/day for 7 days, respectively). Total AgNOR area/nuclear area (TAA/NA) and the mean AgNOR numbers for each myocyte nucleus were determined. There were significant differences among all groups for TAA/NA ratio. These differences were not significant for mean AgNOR numbers. According to the histopathological evaluation scores, there were significant differences between the groups. The differences were significant among the groups for loss of sarcomere pattern. A strong positive correlation between histopathological injury scores and TAA/NA ratio was found ( Rsq = 0.48; p = 0.002), however, the correlation was not significant for mean AgNOR numbers ( Rsq = 0.08; p = 0.25). In conclusion, TAA/NA ratio can be used as an indicator for obtaining information about the level of myocardial damage instead of histopathological evaluation scores.

Homochirality as the Signature of Extra-Terrestrial Life

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 505-510
Author(s):  
Alexandra J. MacDermott ◽  
Laurence D. Barron ◽  
Andrè Brack ◽  
Thomas Buhse ◽  
John R. Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Physical Origin ◽  
Natural Choice ◽  
Rosetta Mission ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Origin Of Homochirality

AbstractThe most characteristic hallmark of life is its homochirality: all biomolecules are usually of one hand, e.g. on Earth life uses only L-amino acids for protein synthesis and not their D mirror images. We therefore suggest that a search for extra-terrestrial life can be approached as a Search for Extra- Terrestrial Homochirality (SETH). The natural choice for a SETH instrument is optical rotation, and we describe a novel miniaturized space polarimeter, called the SETH Cigar, which could be used to detect optical rotation as the homochiral signature of life on other planets. Moving parts are avoided by replacing the normal rotating polarizer by multiple fixed polarizers at different angles as in the eye of the bee. We believe that homochirality may be found in the subsurface layers on Mars as a relic of extinct life, and on other solar system bodies as a sign of advanced pre-biotic chemistry. We discuss the chiral GC-MS planned for the Roland lander of the Rosetta mission to a comet and conclude with theories of the physical origin of homochirality.

Lymphocyte activity and protein synthesis

2001 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
DEREK C. MACALLAN
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Lymphocyte Activity

Protein synthesis in mitochondria purified from roots, leaves and flowers of sugar beet

1991 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Lind ◽  
Christer Hallden ◽  
Ian M. Moller
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sugar Beet
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