CH4 fluxes and soil CH4 concentration following application of pig slurry for the 19th consecutive year

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Denis Côté
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Static Chamber ◽  
Ch4 Concentration

Agricultural soils often receive annual manure applications over long periods. The objective of this study was to describe the temporal variations of CH4 fluxes during the growing season in an agricultural soil receiving pig slurry for the 19th consecutive year. In mineral-fertilized control plots, CH4 fluxes were small and negative (uptake) during the experiment. Fluxes were also negative in the manured plots except during the first 4 d following slurry application when net emissions were measured. Despite their short duration, these post-application emissions were almost equivalent to the amount of CH4 taken up by these soils during the rest of the snow-free season. Key words: Geenhouse gases, static chamber, methane concentration in soils

Non-growing season nitrous oxide fluxes from an agricultural soil as affected by application of liquid and composted swine manure

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumudinie A. Kariyapperuma ◽  
Adriana Furon ◽  
Claudia Wagner-Riddle
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Soil N

Kariyapperuma, K. A., Furon, A. and Wagner-Riddle, C. 2012. Non-growing season nitrous oxide fluxes from an agricultural soil as affected by application of liquid and composted swine manure. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 315–327. Agricultural soils have been recognized as a significant source of anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, an important greenhouse gas and contributor to stratospheric ozone destruction. Application of liquid swine manure (LSM) has been reported to increase direct N2O emissions from agricultural soils. Composting of LSM with straw under forced aeration has been suggested as a mitigation practice for emissions of N2O. In cold climates, up to 70% of total annual soil N2O emissions have been observed during winter and spring thaw. Non-growing season soil N2O emissions after field application of composted swine manure (CSM) versus LSM have not been directly compared in past studies. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted at the Arkell Research Station, Ontario, Canada, as a part of a larger study to evaluate composting as a mitigation strategy for greenhouse gases (GHGs). The objectives were to quantify and compare non-growing season N2O fluxes from agricultural soils after fall application of LSM and CSM. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured using the flux-gradient method. Compared with LSM, CSM resulted in 57% reduction of soil N2O emissions during February to April in 2005, but emissions during the same period in 2006 were not affected by treatments. This effect was related to fall and winter weather conditions with the significant reduction occurring in the year when soil freezing was more pronounced. Compared with LSM, CSM resulted in a reduction of 37% (CO2-eq) of estimated N2O emissions per liter of treated manure and of 50% in the emission factor for the non-growing season.

Effects of selected agrochemicals on methane oxidation by an organic agricultural soil

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Topp
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Soil Methane Oxidation

Methane oxidation by soils is an important sink for this greenhouse gas. When tested at 50 mg L−1, the herbicide bromoxynil, the insecticide methomyl, and the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin inhibited methane oxidation by soil slurries. The results suggest that these chemicals might decrease methane oxidation by agricultural soils. Key words: Soil methane oxidation, inhibition, agrochemicals

scholarly journals Ammonia-oxidizing archaea are integral to nitrogen cycling in a highly fertile agricultural soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laibin Huang ◽  
Seemanti Chakrabarti ◽  
Jennifer Cooper ◽  
Ana Perez ◽  
Sophia M. John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Central Process ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria

AbstractNitrification is a central process in the global nitrogen cycle, carried out by a complex network of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), complete ammonia-oxidizing (comammox) bacteria, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Nitrification is responsible for significant nitrogen leaching and N2O emissions and thought to impede plant nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural systems. However, the actual contribution of each nitrifier group to net rates and N2O emissions remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that highly fertile agricultural soils with high organic matter mineralization rates could allow a detailed characterization of N cycling in these soils. Using a combination of molecular and activity measurements, we show that in a mixed AOA, AOB, and comammox community, AOA outnumbered low diversity assemblages of AOB and comammox 50- to 430-fold, and strongly dominated net nitrification activities with low N2O yields between 0.18 and 0.41 ng N2O–N per µg NOx–N in cropped, fallow, as well as native soil. Nitrification rates were not significantly different in plant-covered and fallow plots. Mass balance calculations indicated that plants relied heavily on nitrate, and not ammonium as primary nitrogen source in these soils. Together, these results imply AOA as integral part of the nitrogen cycle in a highly fertile agricultural soil.

scholarly journals Possibilities of the Use of Aerial Photographs in the Protection of Agricultural Soil Fund

Geografie ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Lipský
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Soil Wetting

The author considers two main processes showing a negative influence on the quality and use of agricultural soils, namely water erosion and wetting. The paper treats of general advantages of aerial photographs. Practical examples are presented of direct and indirect interpretation of erosion phenomena and soil wetting by means of black-and-white, multispectral and infrared aerial photographs. In the conclusion, the main spheres of the problem of the soil fund protection are dealt with. Most of these problems could be solved by the application of aerial photographs.

Temporal variations in the rooting ability of cuttings of Populusbalsamifera and Salixplanifolia from natural clones–populations of subarctic Quebec

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603-2608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Houle ◽  
Patrice Babeux
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Site Restoration ◽  
Great Root

Temporal variations in the rooting ability of cuttings from five clones of Populusbalsamifera L. and five populations of Salixplanifolia Pursh from the Great Whale River valley in subarctic Quebec were determined. Cuttings were sampled monthly from May through October and rooted in a greenhouse. Root number and length of the longest root per cutting were determined 35 days after planting. There were significant variations among the six sampling dates in the rooting potential of cuttings of both species. A higher percentage of cuttings formed adventitious roots in May and June before or shortly after bud break than later, during the growing season; root number and length followed a similar trend. There was an increase in the rooting ability of cuttings of both species towards the fall period. Salixplanifolia produced more roots per cutting than P. balsamifera early in the season (i.e., May and June), but later in the season the differences between the two species were not great; root length showed no such trend. Differences among clones–populations in the rooting potential of cuttings were large for both species. Coefficients of variation for root number were lower in spring than later, during the growing season, for both P. balsamifera and S. planifolia. Seasonal trends in coefficients of variation for root length were not as evident as for root number. These results have significant implications for site restoration in the Subarctic. To optimize the rooting ability of cuttings and minimize the differences among clones–populations in rooting potential, cuttings should be sampled early in the season before bud break or shortly thereafter.

MEASUREMENT OF EVAPORATION FROM SOIL BENEATH CROP CANOPIES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Crop Cover ◽  
Intact Soil Core ◽  
Intact Soil

Evaporation rates beneath maize canopies were measured using an intact soil core technique. Early in the growing season evaporation rates were periodically high (4.0 mm∙day−1) following rain, but declined rapidly. At full crop cover, when energy supply normally limits evaporation, significant differences in evaporation were detected between canopies with leaf area indices of 3.0 and 4.0. Key words: Evaporation measurement, energy supply, Zea mays L., leaf area, soil evaporimeter, lysimeter

scholarly journals Temporal variations of methane concentration and isotopic composition in groundwater of the St. Lawrence Lowlands, eastern Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Rivard ◽  
Geneviève Bordeleau ◽  
Denis Lavoie ◽  
René Lefebvre ◽  
Xavier Malet
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Eastern Canada

Accumulation of As and Pb in Vegetables Grown in Agricultural Soils Contaminated by Historical Mining in Zacatecas, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Salas Muñoz ◽  
Elvia Valdez Valdez ◽  
Jorge Armando Mauricio Castillo ◽  
Fátima Berenice Salazar Badillo ◽  
Héctor René Vega Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Historical Mining ◽  
Edible Parts

Abstract Historical mining activities are a source of environmental pollution that affects the food chain and the health of human beings. The aim of this study was assessment the accumulation of arsenic and lead in vegetables grown in agricultural soils contaminated by old mining in Zacatecas, Mexico. The concentration of arsenic and lead in agricultural soil and edible parts of carrot, garlic, and pepper was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The soil-vegetable bioconcentration factor and pollution load index were determined. The pH values of the farmland were alkaline. The concentration of arsenic in agricultural soil exceeds the permissible limit for arsenic of Mexican standards and international representing health risks. The lead content in most soil samples they were low. The arsenic and lead content in edible parts of species vegetable exceeded the national standard from various countries and the values established by the Codex Alimentarius (FAO-WHO). The highest arsenic concentration was found both in Capsicum annum and Allium sativum. The highest concentration of Pb was in pepper fruits. Among vegetable the high BCF value was for arsenic, ranging from 2.33 to 0.64, and the average for all vegetable samples was 1.01. The pollution index indicates that arsenic is the dominant pollutant accumulated in soil and vegetables grown in agricultural soils. According to the findings, the state and national agricultural and health authorities should not recommend the cultivation of vegetables in agricultural soil located in this area of historical mining activities. Likewise, preventive measures must be taken on the consumption of contaminated vegetables and certifying their safety.

scholarly journals Bioremediation by Cupriavidus metallidurans Strain MSR33 of Mercury-Polluted Agricultural Soil in a Rotary Drum Bioreactor and Its Effects on Nitrogen Cycle Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1952
Author(s):  
Guillermo Bravo ◽  
Paulina Vega-Celedón ◽  
Juan Carlos Gentina ◽  
Michael Seeger
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mercury Pollution ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Cupriavidus Metallidurans ◽  
Rotary Drum

Nitrogen cycle microorganisms are essential in agricultural soils and may be affected by mercury pollution. The aims of this study are to evaluate the bioremediation of mercury-polluted agricultural soil using Cupriavidus metallidurans MSR33 in a rotary drum bioreactor (RDB) and to characterize the effects of mercury pollution and bioremediation on nitrogen cycle microorganisms. An agricultural soil was contaminated with mercury (II) (20–30 ppm) and subjected to bioremediation using strain MSR33 in a custom-made RDB. The effects of mercury and bioremediation on nitrogen cycle microorganisms were studied by qPCR. Bioremediation in the RDB removed 82% mercury. MSR33 cell concentrations, thioglycolate, and mercury concentrations influence mercury removal. Mercury pollution strongly decreased nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying bacterial communities in agricultural soils. Notably, after soil bioremediation process nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying bacteria significantly increased. Diverse mercury-tolerant strains were isolated from the bioremediated soil. The isolates Glutamicibacter sp. SB1a, Brevundimonas sp. SB3b, and Ochrobactrum sp. SB4b possessed the merG gene associated with the plasmid pTP6, suggesting the horizontal transfer of this plasmid to native gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bioremediation by strain MSR33 in an RDB is an attractive and innovative technology for the clean-up of mercury-polluted agricultural soils and the recovery of nitrogen cycle microbial communities.

scholarly journals  Sulfonamides in the environment: a review and a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hruska ◽  
M. Franek
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Knowledge Dissemination ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Open Access Journals

Sulfonamides are widely used in treatment of animals and humans but pose a risk as environmental pollutants. An analysis of 1588 publications focused on sulfonamides is presented here. The review deals with environmental pollution with sulfonamides, described in papers indexed in the database Web of Science from 1938 to 2011. More in depth details are presented regarding publication activity during the last ten years in which 1255 papers have been published by authors from 1100 institutions. Papers, published during the last three years and mainly in 2011, are listed in comprehensive tables, sorted according to five criteria: reviews, contaminated niches, risk of contamination, sulfonamide transformation and methods of analysis. Key words and shortened abstracts direct the reader to the topics of interest. Hyperlinks to full papers, published in open access journals, are another aid in knowledge dissemination. This design of the review article allows easy navigation through vast amounts of information. Finally, a case report illustrates experiences from the author’s laboratory with sulfamethazine determination in pig slurry by ELISA. The reported results highlight the need for updating the legal directives for environmental protection.  

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