Soil sampling size estimates for soils under teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F) plantations and natural forests in Ashanti Region, Ghana

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336
Author(s):  
G. I. Amponsah ◽  
W. L. Meyer ◽  
H. G. Murchison
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available P ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Teak Plantations

The variability of forest soil properties and the number of samples required to achieve desired levels of precision for estimation of property means have received little attention in the tropics. Highly variable forest soil properties require more intensive sampling and often have less predictive value for site assessment purposes. Sites at Offinso and Juaso Forest Districts in the Ashanti region, Ghana, were used to study the variability patterns for selected physical and chemical properties. Sites selected for this study were in the moist semi-deciduous forest zone and had nearly identical physiographic characteristics. A simple random sampling procedure was used to obtain soil samples at each site. In each of three natural forest stands and three teak plantations, 16 soil pits were examined and soil samples from the 0- to 20-cm (major rooting depth) and 20- to 40-cm depths were analyzed for selected chemical and physical properties. In the 0- to 20-cm depth, coefficients of variation varied from 8% (pH) to 72% (available P), and in the 20- to 40 cm depth from 16% (pH) to 116% (available P) under teak plantations. Similarly, in the 0- to 20-cm depth coefficients of variation varied from 11% (pH) to 40% (exchangeable K) and in the 20- to 40-cm depth from 10% (bulk density) to 86% (available P) under natural forests. Under both cover types, more samples were required to estimate means at ±10% allowable error with a confidence level of 95% for chemical properties than for physical properties. Key words: Tectona grandis plantations, moist semi-deciduous forest zone, Ghana, soil physico-chemical properties, forest ochrosol

scholarly journals Pengaruh Beberapa Karakteristik Kimia dan Fisika Tanah pada Pertumbuhan 30 Famili Uji Keturunan Jati (Tectona grandis) Umur 10 Tahun

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryono Prehaten ◽  
Sapto Indrioko ◽  
Suryo Hardiwinoto ◽  
Mohammad Na'iem ◽  
Haryono Supriyo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Available P ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Organic C

Pertumbuhan tanaman dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan faktor lingkungan. Salah satu faktor lingkungan yang sangat memengaruhi pertumbuhan adalah sifat kimia dan fisika tanah. Beberapa famili jati yang ditanam pada lokasi yang berbeda diduga mempunyai respon pertumbuhan yang berbeda pula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan (tinggi dan diameter) tanaman jati dari 30 famili yang ditanam pada dua lokasi yang berbeda, secara khusus untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik sifat kimia dan fisika tanah pada pertumbuhan jati di dua lokasi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengukur pertumbuhan 30 famili jati yaitu tinggi total tanaman dan diameter setinggi dada. Sampel tanah diambil dengan terlebih dahulu membuat lubang profil tanah berukuran 1 m × 1 m dengan kedalaman 1 meter kemudian sampel diambil dari kedalaman 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, dan 40-60 cm. Sifat kimia yang diamati adalah pH H2O, C Organik, N total, P, K, Ca, dan Mg tersedia serta Kapasitas Pertukaran Kation (KPK), sedangkan sifat fisik yang diukur adalah tekstur. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan melakukan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan parameter diameter tanaman, semua (30) famili tanaman jati menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata di antara dua lokasi, sedangkan parameter tinggi hanya sebagian kecil famili yang berbeda nyata. Karakter kimia dan fisik tanah juga menunjukkan perbedaan nyata di antara dua lokasi. Parameter kimia tanah yaitu pH H2O, K, Ca, dan Mg tersedia, berbeda nyata antara 2 lokasi sedangkan kandungan C Organik, P tersedia dan KPK tidak berbeda nyata. Sementara dari sifat fisiknya, kandungan lempung dan debu pada dua lokasi berbeda nyata, sedangkan kandungan pasirnya tidak berbeda secara nyata. Perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut menunjukkan beberapa sifat tanah memang memengaruhi respon tanaman jati dalam hal pertumbuhan baik tinggi maupun diameternya. The Effect of Soil Chemical and Physical Characteristics on Growth of 30 Families of Teak (Tectona grandis) in a 10-year-old Progeny TestAbstractSome environmental factors that greatly affect plant growth are soil’s physical and chemical properties. Some teak families planted at different locations alleged to have different growth responses. This study aimed to investigate the growth response of teak (height and diameter) from 30 families, and to determine the effect of soil chemical and physical characteristics on teak growth in two different locations. Teaks were measured for total height and diameter at breast height. Soil pits (size: 1 m x 1 m and 1 m in depth) were dug and samples were taken from 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm in depth. Soil characteristics measurement were conducted on pH (H2O), organic carbon, total Nitrogen, available P, K, Ca, and Mg, also the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Further, soil physical properties been measured was soil texture. Statistical analysis was performed by t- test. The results showed that teak’s diameter of all 30 families, showed significant differences between the two locations, while only a small proportion of height parameters significantly differed among families. Chemical and physical characters of the soil also showed differences between the two locations. Soil pH (H2O), available K, Ca, and Mg, were significantly differed between the two locations while the content of organic C, available P and the CEC were not significantly differed. For the soil physical properties, content of clay and silt in two location significantly differed whereas the sand content did not differ significantly. These differences indicate that some properties of the soil were affecting the growth response of teak famili in terms of both height and diameter.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KESUBURAN TANAH DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Asmar Asmar ◽  
Amrizal Saidi ◽  
Masliyunas Masliyunas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic C

A research about relationship between soil properties and crop yield was conducted in Pandai Sikek, Tanah Datar Region, center for cabbage and carrot production, West Sumatra in 2004 and 2005.  Soil samples were collected from rainfed paddy soils by purposive random sampling.  Soil samples were analyzed in Soil Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty and Agriculture Polytechnique Laboratory, Andalas University.  Several soil physical properties analysed were soil bulk density and total soil pores by using gravimetric method, permeability with de Boodt method, soil water content at several pF values using pressure plate apparatus, and soil strength by using penetrometer.   Soil chemical parameters analysed were soil pH using pH-meter, organic-C using Walkley and Black, available P using Bray II, and cation exchange capacity using NH4-leaching at pH 7.0, and N-total using Kjehdhal method.  Crop productions were sampled from a 3x3 m2 of soil sampling area.  The result showed that soils planted by cabbage and carrot had good soil physical properties, such as having balanced pore size distribution.  The chemical properties of the soils were good as well, except N, K- and Ca-exchangeable which were very low.  The other soil properties were quite good.  Soil physical properties gave different response on both crops.  Carrots were more response aeration pore and soil organic matter content, then cabbage was more response on BV, TSP, and slow drainage pores.  While soil chemical properties did not give significant response.  Both crops responded on Ca, but cabbage was more response on N-total, and carrot on CEC and saturated cationKey Words: Soil Physical Properties, Soil Fertility, Crop Productivity

Effect of grazing on chemical and physical properties of an earthy sand in the Western Australian Mulga Zone

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available P ◽  
Grazing Impact ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Chemical Enrichment ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Western Australian

An earthy sand supporting a mulga shrubland community in the arid winter rainfall zone in Western Australia is characterized in terms of its chemical and physical properties. In this study, changes in these properties with overgrazing were investigated. Nutrient levels were low in relation to some soils supporting mulga communities elsewhere in Australia. Marked accumulations of total N, organic C and exchangeable Ca occurred in the hummocks of wind blown material surrounding surface obstructions. Improved water relationships are probably responsible for the abundance of ephemeral growth on such areas, and for their subsequent chemical enrichment. Changes in chemical properties with depth were evident for pH, total N, organic C, available P and exchangeable Mg with values decreasing from the 0-2 cm layer to the 2-10 cm layer in all cases. Chemical changes associated with overgrazing were restricted to the 0-2 cm layer. Some trends towards lower levels of organic C, total N, and available P could be distinguished, particularly for organic C and total N in hummock surfaces, but chemical parameters generally did not provide a sensitive measure of grazing impact. Sorptivity varied between the sandy and crusted phases of the soil mosaic and was reduced on sites in very poor condition. Sorptivity changes under grazing were apparently mediated partly by changes in the structural properties of the soil crust. There was no significant effect of overgrazing on either the bulk density of the surface (sub-crust) soil or on summer surface temperatures.

Effects of broadcast slash burning on fuels and soil chemical properties in the Sub-boreal Spruce Zone of central British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1577-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Macadam
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Slash Burning

Soil samples were taken before and 9 and 21 months after the operational broadcast burning of logging slash in two clear-cuts in the Sub-boreal Spruce Zone of central British Columbia. Average slash consumption on the two clear-cuts was estimated from line intersect samples at 20 and 24 t/ha and forest floor depth was reduced by 28 and 36%. Nine months after burning, soil N had decreased by 376 kg/ha (18% of preburn levels) while available P had increased by 37–157 kg/ha. Burning resulted in substantial increases in forest floor base saturation, pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg, and available P. Changes within the 0–15 and 15–30 cm mineral soil layers were variable and in general less pronounced. Significant positive correlations were observed between the consumption of large fuels and postburn changes in forest floor pH and exchangeable Ca and Mg. Changes in forest floor N were negatively correlated with amounts of fine slash consumed. A strongly negative correlation was observed between forest floor depth of burn and changes in forest floor exchangeable K concentrations.

scholarly journals Origin and Dynamics of Termite Mound Soils in Southern India

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
A. K. Harit ◽  
P. Jouquet
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Aims: In Southern India, termite above-ground nests can have the shape of cathedral (CAT) or lenticular (LENT) mounds. Although CATare built by the fungus-growing species Odontotermes obesus, the origin and evolution of LENT remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of to study was to estimate the origin and dynamics of LENT from their specific physical and chemical properties. Study Site: This study was carried out in the Bandipur Tiger reserve (dry deciduous forest), Karnataka, Southern India. Methodology:  All the soil samples were collected in a Fluvisol in the Mule Hole experimental watershed.Only large size mounds between 1.5 - 1.8m high were considered in this study. Soil samples were collected from the outer wall of CATnest and from the soil surface layer (0-5 cm deep) and surrounding soil. Particle-size distribution and dispersion were obtained by process of sedimentation. All the statistical analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) were calculated using R studio and R version 3.2.1. Results: Using elemental physical and chemical properties, this study showed a gradient of soil properties from the soil sampled between 50-100 cm depth to CAT, LENT and the surrounding topsoil (CTRL, Fluvisol), suggesting that: (i) CAT can be considered patches in the landscapes with specific physical and chemical properties in comparison with CTRL and LENT; (ii) LENT mounds can result from the progressive modification of CTRL (autogenic origin of LENT) and their degradation leads to a progressive recovery of CTRL properties or (iii) they originate from the colonization of abandoned CAT by other termite species (exogenic origin of LENT). Conclusion: This study confirms the complexity of CAT and LENT fates and the need for long-term datasets to determine the origin and evolution of termite mounds.

scholarly journals Perubahan Beberapa Sifat Fisika Tanah Akibat Pemberian Limbah Cair Industri Kelapa Sawit

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-636
Author(s):  
Mhd Rizha Fahlevi ◽  
Manfarizah Manfarizah ◽  
Hairul Basri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan beberapa sifat fisika dan kimia tanah akibat pemberian limbah cair industri kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kebun PT Austindo Nusantara Jaya Agri Binanga kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara Sumatera Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan melakukan survey dan pengambilan sampel tanah dengan teknik zigzag, sampel tanah yang diambil adalah sampel tanah utuh dan tidak utuh dengan menggunakan ring sampel dan bor tanah. Selanjutnya dianalisis di laboratorium Fisika Tanah, selanjutnya data hasil analisis laboratorium dilakukan uji anova dengan menggunakan rancangan RAK non faktorial. Hasil analisis uji anova menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang dicobakan tidak berbeda nyata terhadap sifat fisika tanah yang diamati. Namun hasil pengamatan terhadap kelas masing masing parameter sifat fisika tanah khususnya untuk permeabilitas terjadi perubahan kelas dari agak lambat menjadi sedang. Sementara untuk parameter yang lain tidak terjadi perubahan kelas. Pemberian limbah cair kelapa sawit secara umum dapat merubah sifat kimia tanah seperti pH, C-organik, N-total, dan K-dd. Khusus untuk P-tersedia meningkat dari kelas sangat rendah menjadi sangat tinggi dengan nilai 59,85 ppm.(Changes in Some Physical Properties of Soil As a Result of Giving Liquid Palm Oil Industry Waste)Abstract. This study aims to determine changes in some physical and chemical properties of soil due to the provision of liquid waste from the palm oil industry. This research was conducted in the garden of PT Austindo Nusantara Jaya Agri Binanga, Padang Lawas Utara, North Sumatra. The method used in this research is a descriptive method by conducting surveys and soil sampling with zigzag technique, soil samples taken are intact and non-intact soil samples using ring samples and ground drill. Furthermore, it is analyzed in the Soil Physics laboratory, then the results of laboratory analysis data are carried out using ANOVA test using a non factorial RCBD design. Anova test analysis results showed that the treatments tested were not significantly different from the physical properties of the soil observed. However, the results of observations of each class of the parameters of soil physical properties, especially for permeability, changes in class from slow to moderate. While for other parameters there is no change in class. The provision of palm oil liquid waste in general can change the soil chemical properties such as pH, C-organic, N-total, and K-dd. Especially for the P-available increased from very low class to very high with a value of 59.85 ppm.

KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA CUKA KAYU DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Karima
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
And Chemical Properties

There’s so many pal solid waste or palm empty fruit bunches, but the utilization is not maximized, this research its to optimized utilization of palm solid waste to be wood vinegar and want to know the composition physical properties and chemical properties of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches. Total yield of wood vinegar from palm empty fruit bunches its 15,94 % and total yield of charcoal its 64,58 %. GCMS result showing chemical properties from wood vinegar of burning < 100oC its obtained 19 compound and burning >100 oC its obtained 6 compound. The result physichal properties testing from crued wood vinegar its obtained specific gravity 1,0005 and 1,0010, pH value are 3,233 and 3,186, TAT content are 9,36 % and 11,12 %, phenol content its 0,44 %. The result physical properties testing from wood vinegar which has decolorizatin by activated carbon its obtained specific gravity are 0,9987 and 0,999, pH value are 3,036 and 3,012, TAT content are 8,29 % and 9,27 % and phenol content its 0,01 %.Keywords: palm bunches, wood vinegar, liquid smoke

scholarly journals Effects of serpentinite fertilizer on the chemical properties and enzyme activity of young spruce soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Błońska ◽  
Kazimierz Januszek ◽  
Stanisław Małek ◽  
Tomasz Wanic
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Experimental Plots

AbstractThe experimental plots used in the study were located in the middle forest zone (elevation: 900-950 m a.s.l.) on two nappes of the flysch Carpathians in southern Poland. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of serpentinite in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers on selected chemical properties of the soil and activity of dehydrogenase and urease in the studied soils. All fertilizer treatments significantly enriched the tested soils in magnesium. The use of serpentinite as a fertilizer reduced the molar ratio of exchangeable calcium to magnesium, which facilitated the uptake of magnesium by tree roots due to competition between calcium and magnesium. After one year of fertilization on the Wisła experimental plot, the pH of the Ofh horizon increased, while the pH of the mineral horizons significantly decreased. Enrichment of serpentinite with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers stimulated the dehydrogenase activity in the studied organic horizon. The lack of a negative effect of the serpentinite fertilizer on enzyme activity in the spruce stand soil showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals added to the soil were not high enough to be toxic and indicated the feasibility of using this fertilizer in forestry.

scholarly journals Chemical and Physical Properties of Some Hazelnut Varieties Grown in Portugal

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Ferrão ◽  
Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽  
Elsa Ramalhosa ◽  
Arminda Lopes ◽  
Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Hazelnuts are one of the most appreciated nuts worldwide due to their unique organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. The present work intended to analyse several physical and chemical properties of different hazelnut varieties grown in Portugal, namely Tonda de Giffoni, Grada de Viseu, Segorbe, Longa de Espanha, Butler, Gunslebert, and Negreta. In general, the results revealed statistically significant differences between the varieties under study. The Gunslebert had more elongated hazelnuts and with heavier shelled fruits, while the kernels of the Grada de Viseu revealed to be heavier. Grada de Viseu was harder in the shell, Gunslebert had a harder core, and Segorbe was more resistant to fracture. Fat was the more representative component for all varieties and in some cases the values of moisture and water activity were over the recommended amount (≥0.62). Tonda de Giffoni was the variety with the highest induction time, indicating the highest oxidation stability. Moreover, discriminant analysis revealed that the variables more important to distinguish the varieties were protein (λ = 0.007) and water activity (λ = 0.010). The results of this study help to better understand the differences between some hazelnut varieties that are cultivated in Portugal, which gives important hints for all players in the hazelnut sector.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils from a Korean Military Shooting Range: Evaluation of Pb Sources Using Pb Isotope Ratios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7099
Author(s):  
Inkyeong Moon ◽  
Honghyun Kim ◽  
Sangjo Jeong ◽  
Hyungjin Choi ◽  
Jungtae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Shooting Range ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Phases

In this study, the geochemical properties of heavy metal-contaminated soils from a Korean military shooting range were analyzed. The chemical behavior of heavy metals was determined by analyzing the soil pH, heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and Pb isotopes. In total, 24 soil samples were collected from a Korean military shooting range. The soil samples consist of quartz, albite, microcline, muscovite/illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and calcite. Lead minerals, such as hydrocerussite and anglesite, which are indicative of a transformation into secondary mineral phases, were not observed. All soils were strongly contaminated with Pb with minor concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn. Arsenic was rarely detected. The obtained results are indicated that the soils from the shooting range are contaminated with heavy metals and have evidences of different degree of anthropogenic Pb sources. This study is crucial for the evaluation of heavy metal-contaminated soils in shooting ranges and their environmental effect as well as for the establishment of management strategies for the mitigation of environmental risks.

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