Particulate and mineral-associated organic matter in water-stable aggregates as affected by mineral fertilizer and manure applications

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aoyama ◽  
D. A. Angers ◽  
A. N'Dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Aggregate Structure ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Application of cattle manure generally improves soil structure and organic matter (OM) content. However, changes in forms and location of OM within the aggregate structure are less well known. The effects of long-term (18-yr) applications of cattle manure (20 Mg ha–1 yr−1) and NPK fertilizer on the distribution of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter in water-stable aggregates were investigated in a Le Bras loam (Humic Gleysol). Soil samples from the 0- to 10-cm depth were taken from the untreated control, NPK, manure and NPK + manure treatments. They were separated into four aggregate-size fractions (>1000 µm, 250–1000 µm, 53–250 µm, and <53 µm) by slaking air-dried soil, followed by wet sieving. Particulate (>53 µm) and mineral-associated OM (<53 µm) were separated from water-stable aggregates >53 µm by sieving after mechanical dispersion. After 18 yr, manure increased the OM level of the whole soil and favored formation of slaking-resistant macroaggregates (250–1000 µm). This effect was primarily a result of the OM added by the manure. In contrast, NPK fertilizer did not affect soil OM level or macroaggregation. The increase in OM induced by manure application was observed primarily in macroaggregates, and both as mineral-associated and particulate OM. However, manure did not change OM located in the fraction <53 µm confirming that recently deposited OM preferentially accumulates within the aggregate structure and not in the finely or non-aggregated material. Since previous studies have shown that most of the C in cattle manure is composed of coarse particles, we hypothesize that manure-derived OM first enters the soil primarily as particulate material, then, during decomposition, is transformed within the aggregate structure into mineral-associated material thereby contributing to aggregate stabilization. Key words: Cattle manure, mineral fertilization, particulate organic matter, soil structure

scholarly journals Agronomic Efficiency of Biosolid as Source of Nitrogen to Banana Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Junqueira Teixeira ◽  
Ronaldo Severiano Berton ◽  
Aline Reneé Coscione ◽  
Luis Alberto Saes ◽  
Marcio Koiti Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Sewage sludge (SS) or biosolid has been studied as source of nutrient for several different plant species. It also contributes to soil fertility recycling organic matter and plant nutrients. This followup work examines a three-year (2001–2004) field experiment designed to evaluate the response of banana plants (Cavendish subgroup) to the application of biosolid as source of nitrogen. The treatments consisted of control (mineral PK, no N), three rates of sludge, and two rates of mineral NPK fertilizer. Plant and soil N concentration, fruit yield, plant height, stem diameter, and foliar endurance index were measured. Fruit yield with mineral fertilization or sludge applications did not differ statistically(P>0.05). Application of biosolid resulted in statistically significant higher agronomic efficiency(P<0.05)in comparison to mineral fertilizers. The concentration of soil mineral nitrogen increased using mineral fertilizer or sludge until 0.80 m after three years of application. The effect of the source of N was smaller than the effect of the rate. Biosolid can be used as source of N for banana growers.

Protected organic matter in water-stable aggregates as affected by mineral fertilizer and manure applications

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aoyama ◽  
D. A. Angers ◽  
A. N'Dayegamiye ◽  
N. Bissonnette
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
C And N

Effects of long-term (18-yr) applications of cattle manure (20 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and NPK fertilizer on the labile organic matter (OM) and its protection in water-stable aggregates were investigated in a Le Bras silt loam (Humic Gleysol). Soil from the 0- to 10-cm depth was sampled from the untreated control, NPK, manure and NPK + manure treatments and fractionated into four size classes of slaking-resistant aggregates (>1000 µm, 250–1000 µm, 53–250 µm, <53 µm). Intact and crushed macroaggregates (250–1000 and >1000 µm) and intact microaggregates (<250 µm) were incubated for 21 d at 25 °C, and mineralized C and N were determined. The amount of mineralized C in intact aggregates increased with increasing aggregate size irrespective of the agronomic treatments, but there was no consistent trend for total N. Manure application led to an increase in mineralized C in most aggregate fractions. Crushing the macroaggregates enhanced mineralization of C by 14 to 35% and N by 17 to 103%. Additional C and N rendered mineralizable by crushing represents a fraction of the macroaggregate-protected OM. Manure application increased the protected pools of C (up to threefold) and N (up to fourfold) located in the small macroaggregates (250–1000 µm). In contrast, NPK fertilization increased the pool of macroaggregate-protected N by 2.5-fold but had no effect on the protected C. We conclude that manure application contributed to the accumulation of macroaggregate-protected C and N, whereas mineral fertilizers increased the protected-N pool only. Macroaggregates can provide a mechanism for the protection of labile soil OM in an annually tilled cropping system and this mechanism is enhanced with long-term manure application. Key words: Aggregate-protected organic matter, manure application, mineralization, mineral fertilizer, water-stable aggregates

scholarly journals Soil structure after 18 years of long-term different tillage systems and fertilisation in Haplic Luvisol

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šimanský Vladimír ◽  
Lukáč Martin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates

Soil structure is a key determinant of many soil environmental processes and is essential for supporting terrestrial ecosystem productivity. Management of arable soils plays a significant role in forming and maintaining their structure. Between 1994 and 2011, we studied the influence of soil tillage and fertilisation regimes on the stability of soil structure of loamy Haplic Luvisol in a replicated long-term field experiment in the Dolná Malanta locality (Slovakia). Soil samples were repeatedly collected from plots exposed to the following treatments: conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT) combined with conventional (NPK) and crop residue-enhanced fertilisation (CR+NPK). MT resulted in an increase of critical soil organic matter content (St) by 7% in comparison with CT. Addition of crop residues and NPK fertilisers significantly increased St values (by 7%) in comparison with NPK-only treatments. Soil tillage and fertilisation did not have any significant impact on other parameters of soil structure such as dry sieving mean weight diameters (MWD), mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates (MWD<sub>WSA</sub>), vulnerability coefficient (Kv), stability index of water-stable aggregates (Sw), index of crusting (Ic), contents of water-stable macro- (WSA<sub>ma</sub>) and micro-aggregates (WSA<sub>mi</sub>). Ic was correlated with organic matter content in all combinations of treatments. Surprisingly, humus quality did not interact with soil management practices to affect soil structure parameters. Higher sums of base cations, CEC and base saturation (Bs) were linked to higher Sw values, however higher values of hydrolytic acidity (Ha) resulted in lower aggregate stability in CT treatments. Higher content of K<sup>+</sup> was responsible for higher values of MWD<sub>WSA </sub>and MWD in CT. In MT, contents of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+ </sup>and Na<sup>+</sup> were significantly correlated with contents of WSA<sub>mi </sub>and WSA<sub>ma</sub>. Higher contents of Na<sup>+</sup> negatively affected St values and positive correlations were detected between Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+ </sup>and Na<sup>+</sup> and Ic in NPK treatments.

scholarly journals Changes of risky element concentrations under organic and mineral fertilization  

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hlisnikovský ◽  
G. Mühlbachová ◽  
E. Kunzová ◽  
M. Hejcman ◽  
M. Pechová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter ◽  
The Impact

The 28-day incubation experiment was carried out to evaluate the impact of the application of digestate (Dig); digestate with straw (DigSt); pig slurry (Slu) and mineral fertilizer (NPK) on Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn availability, on K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon content and on the soil pH value in long-term contaminated soil. At days three and seven of the experiment, the 0.01 mol/L CaCl<sub>2</sub>-extractable fractions of Cd, Zn and Mn significantly decreased under organic treatments (Dig, DigSt and Slu) with the most pronounced effect under Dig treatment. The NPK treatment caused the increase of risky element concentrations since day 21 of incubation which was accompanied with pH decrease. The contents of 0.5 mol/L K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon were the highest at day 3 and 7 of incubation in organic treatments. The significant correlations between 0.5 mol/L K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon and CaCl<sub>2</sub>-extractable metal concentrations showed a close relationship between fresh organic matter added in organic fertilizers and risky element availability, suggesting that newly added labile organic matter can form temporary ligands with risky elements and release them later following its decomposition.  

Soil respiration and soil organic matter pools in soils amended for 7 years with biochar combined with mineral and organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iria Benavente-Ferraces ◽  
Fátima Esteban ◽  
Denis Courtier-Murias ◽  
Ana Rey ◽  
Claudio Zaccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Compost

&lt;p&gt;Biochar application is now considered to be one of the most promising agricultural practices to mitigate climate change. However, to fully assess the benefits of biochar, we still need to better understand its effects on soil properties, and particularly on native soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this work, we investigated soil respiration and changes in SOM pools (mineral-free, intra-aggregate, and mineral-associated SOM) as affected by the application of 20 t / ha per year of biochar alone or combined with mineral fertilizer, municipal solid waste compost, or sewage sludge. The experiment was run for 7 years in a semiarid agricultural soil. We found that biochar had no effect on soil respiration with respect to mineral fertilization and no amendment (control), and tended to decrease CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;emissions from soils amended with municipal solid waste compost and sewage sludge. Biochar accumulated mainly in the mineral-free SOM fraction and its addition, especially in combination with municipal solid waste compost, promoted the amount of SOM occluded with aggregates and associated to mineral surfaces.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acknowledgments: to the Spanish MICINN (MINECO, AEI, FEDER, EU) for supporting the research project AGL2016-75762-R.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Impact of different fallow durations on soil aggregate structure and humus status parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Burdukovskii ◽  
Irina Kiseleva ◽  
Polina Perepelkina ◽  
Yuliya Kosheleva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Aggregate Structure ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Humus Status

Soil aggregate structure and soil organic matter are closely interrelated and commonly considered as key indicators of soil quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different fallow durations on indices of soil structure and humus status indicators. Studies were conducted on abandoned agricultural fields (15, 20 and, 35 years after abandonment). As a reference site, we used a cultivated field in the area. The experimental soil fields are classified as Gleyic Cambisols. Soil macroaggregates were separated with the sieve (dry sieve) to seven aggregate size fractions, i.e.&gt; 10, 10–5, 5–2, 2–1, 1–0.5, 0.5–0.25 and &lt; 0.25 mm. The humus status parameters of soils included the following indicators: soil organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>), humus reserves (Q<sub>H</sub>), the degree of humification of organic matter (SOM<sub>dh</sub>), fractions of humic acids (HA) (free and bound with monovalent cations and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, bound with Са<sup>2+</sup> which forms humates, bound with clay minerals), fulvic acids (FA) (free aggressive) and ratio of HA to FA (C<sub>HA</sub><sub> </sub>: C<sub>FA</sub>). After a fallow period of more than 20 years on the surface formation of a sod layer. A long-term fallow period had an impact on the mean weight diameter of the aggregates (MWD) and agronomically valuable aggregates (AVA). Fallow soils have a significantly better structure than soils under a cultivated field. Long-term cultivation leads to the deterioration of soil structure and the formation of large aggregates (&gt;10 mm). The C<sub>org</sub> content remains at the level of the background content when the soils are left fallow for less than 15 years and increases over time. The C<sub>org</sub> in the upper 0–20 cm soil layer has been shown to increase from 3.55 to 8.74% on arable land that has been fallow for 35 years and has been largely associated with significant accumulation of organic matter within the plant root mass. Mature sites are characterized by an increase of fulvic acids in the humus composition in comparison with their arable analogues. The abandonment of soil agricultural use and the cessation of mechanical tillage results in the restoration of the natural structure of soils and the improvement of their agrophysical properties. Such studies have not been previously conducted in the Primorsky region of the Russian Far East.

Soil structural development in a rehabilitated open-cast mine site in south-east Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiia Haberstok ◽  
Evelin Pihlap ◽  
Franziska Bucka ◽  
Tabea Klör ◽  
Thomas Baumgartl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Open Cast Mine ◽  
Open Cast

&lt;p&gt;Rehabilitated soils from post mining fields are considered to have poor soil structure, low nutrient content and microbial activity. Soil development during rehabilitation is a complex biogeochemical process influenced by the inherent properties of the substrate used for the rehabilitation. Besides disturbed soil properties, in Australia soil rehabilitation success is also influenced by climatic conditions like high evaporation rate which affects rebuilding of soil system functions. There are several studies looking into the development of soil properties post rehabilitation in temperate climates, however, the intertwined development of soil structure, quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) after the rehabilitation under water stressed environment is not clear until now.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study, we used a space-for-time chronosequence approach in the rehabilitated open-cast mine site at Yallourn (Victoria, Australia) to elucidate the development of soil structure and soil organic matter after rehabilitation. We selected five different fields with increasing rehabilitation ages (2, 3, 10, 21 and 39 years) and two mature soils that are used as grazing land. In each field, we sampled 6 independent locations with stainless steel cylinders (100 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) at two depths of 0-4 cm and 10-14 cm. &amp;#160;All samples were analysed for bulk density, organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration. Selected samples were wet sieved into four aggregate size classes of &lt;63 &amp;#181;m, 63-200 &amp;#181;m, 200-630 &amp;#181;m and &gt;630 &amp;#181;m. Each aggregate size class was characterized by OC and TN concentration. The chemical composition of the SOM of selected samples was characterized using solid-state &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C NMR spectroscopy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The studied soils have a strong temporal dynamic and variability as determined for the soil properties bulk density and SOM stocks. Aggregate fractionation showed that large macroaggregates (&gt;630 &amp;#181;m) were the most abundant size class fractions in each rehabilitation field, representing 95-75% of the total soil mass. SOM played an important role in the formation of large macroaggregates, where the highest contribution to total OC content was observed. It became evident that plant derived carbon had a decisive role in the structural formation, because O/N-alkyl-C and alkyl-C chemical shift regions represented the highest relative intensities throughout the chronosequence.&lt;/p&gt;

The effect on earthworm abundance and selected soil properties after 14 years of solid cattle manure and NPKMg fertilizer application

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Estevez ◽  
Adrien N’Dayegamiye ◽  
Daniel Coderre
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Earthworm Populations

Long-term manure application could increase soil earthworm abundance in cultivated soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 14 yr (1977–1991) of manure and NPKMg fertilizer on earthworm populations, soil structural stability, N mineralization (NO3) and biological activity (CO2) on a Le Bras clay loam (Humic Gleysol) situated at St-Lambert, Quebec. The field experiment, in a split-plot design, consisted of two manure rates (0 Mg, 20 Mg ha−1) as principal treatments with secondary treatments receiving mineral fertilizer (NPKMg) and a control. These treatments were carried out over a 4-yr crop rotation of silage corn, (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and canola (Brassica campestris L.). Soil and earthworm sampling was done in fall 1991 under corn. Compared to mineral fertilizer treatment, long-term application of manure increased earthworm populations. However the interaction between the treatments of mineral fertilizer and of manure was not significant. Of the earthworms extracted by formalin and hand sorting, Aporrectodea genus was dominant in soil, representing 98–100% of the population. Several Allolobophora chlorotica and Lumbricus juveniles from the genus Lumbricus were found only in manured plots. Soil water stable aggregates and biological activity (CO2) were both increased by manure application. Mineral fertilizer application had no significant effect. A strong correlation was obtained only between earthworm abundance and biological activity (CO2). The results indicate that 14 yr application of solid cattle manure improved soil earthworm populations and diversity, biological activity (CO2) and structural stability compared to fertilizer treatments and the control. Key words: Earthworms, Aporrectodea turgida, manure, mineral fertilizer, organic matter, biological activity (CO2), N mineralization potential (NO3), water-stable aggregates

scholarly journals Macronutrients in watermelon plants fertilized with potassium and cattle manure

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 836-840
Author(s):  
José A. M. do Nascimento ◽  
Jacob S. Souto ◽  
Walter E. Pereira ◽  
Sherly A. da S. Medeiros ◽  
Lourival F. Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT Potassium is the nutrient required in greatest quantity by watermelon, especially during the production phase. Therefore, the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of potassium and cattle manure doses on the nutritional composition of ‘Crimson Sweet’ watermelon plants. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates and 21 plants per plot using a 3 × 5 + 1 factorial scheme, referring to three manure doses (0; 1,100 and 2,520 g hole-1), in order to increment the level of soil organic matter from 0.67 present in the soil to 3.0 and 6.0%, five potassium doses (0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30 kg ha-1) in the form of potassium chloride and one additional treatment (without organic and mineral fertilization). At the beginning of fruiting, leaves were collected to evaluate the nutritional status of the plants in macronutrients. According to the results, cattle manure stimulates the absorption of macronutrients by watermelon; in soil with 3.0% of organic matter, the best results corresponded to the K2O dose of 15 kg ha-1 and, for 6.0%, between 11 and 13 kg ha-1.

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