Plant uptake and DTPA-extractability of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in a Norwegian alum shale soil as affected by previous addition of dairy and pig manures and peat

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Arnesen ◽  
B. R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Nickel Concentration ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Alum Shale ◽  
Extractable Zn

Residual effects of cow manure, pig manure and peat soil on the DTPA-extractability and plant uptake of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc were investigated in the second and third years after application to an alum shale soil. Wheat and barley were grown in alternate years. The effects of the organic matter applied differed among metals, sources of organic matter and time after application. The Cd concentrations in grain was reduced by the rates of peat soil, whereas the manures had no significant effect. Copper concentrations in grain and Zn concentrations in both grain and straw generally increased with rates of organic matter. Nickel concentration in grain tended to decrease with increasing rates of cow and pig manure applied, whereas it tended to increase with the addition of peat soil.The concentrations of DTPA-extractable metals in the soil were generally higher in the second and third years than in the first year after application of organic matter. Some of the metals bound by organic matter in the first year were probably released as the organic matter was decomposed. Decreases in DTPA-extractable Cd and Ni were found by the addition of pig and cow manure, whereas these manures resulted in increased DTPA-extractable Zn. The application of peat soil, on the other hand, resulted in increased amounts of DTPA-extractable Cu, Zn and Ni, probably due to decreased soil pH. Key words: Heavy metals, solubility, plant uptake, organic matter

In situ immobilization of metals in contaminated or naturally metal-rich soils

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
B R Singh ◽  
L Oste
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
In Situ Immobilization ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Alum Shale

The chemical behaviour of metals is primarily governed by their retention and release reactions of solute with the soil matrix. Liming increased the soil pH, resulting in increased adsorption of Zn, Cu, and Cd in soils, which in consequence decreased the concentration of easily soluble Cd fraction in the soils and the uptake of this metal by wheat (Triticum aestivum) and carrots (Daucus carota). Metal adsorption also depended on the presence of clay and organic matter, and thus the soils having highest amounts of clay (e.g., alum shale) and (or) organic matter (e.g., peat soil) showed the highest adsorption for these metals. Among the materials (Fe and Mn oxides and aluminosilicates) having high binding capacity for metals, the immobilizing capacity of birnessite (MnO2) was higher than that of other materials. Addition of synthetic zeolites significantly reduced the metal uptake by plants. Application of zeolite to a soil resulted in increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in the leachate, which in consequence increased the leaching of Cd and Zn. Addition of beringite (an aluminosilicate) to a Zn-contaminated soil resulted in increased shoot length and leaf area of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and a significant reduction in Zn concentration in leaves (from 350 to 146 mg kg-1). Cadmium concentration in ryegrass and the concentrations of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)- extractable Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in the soil decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing amounts of organic matter (peat soil and cow manure) added to soils. These effects were assumed to be related to immobilization of metals due to formation of insoluble metal--organic complexes and increased cation exchange capacity (CEC). An overview of the results showed that the products tested (lime, Fe/Mn-containing compounds, aluminosilicates, and organic matter products) can reduce the solubility and the plant uptake of metals but their immobilizing capacity is limited (sometimes through their side effects). Key words: aluminosilicates, contaminated soils, in situ immobilization, leaching, metal oxides, organic matter, plant uptake.

AVAILABILITY OF CU, ZN, AND MN AS INFLUENCED BY APPLICATION OF CU-POLYFLAVONOID

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. DOLAR ◽  
D. R. KEENEY
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Extractable Zn

Copper, in the form of Cu-polyflavonoid, was applied at 50 or 100 ppm to surface samples of nine Wisconsin soils varying from 0.8 to 12.5% organic matter. The effects on yield and on plant uptake of Cu, Zn and Mn were evaluated using oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Lodi). Complexed Cu additions increased extractable Cu, had little effect on extractable Zn, but also increased extractable Mn. Complexed Cu decreased plant uptake of Zn, but increased uptake of Mn. Interactive effects of organic matter, clay, available phosphorus and Zn appeared to occur with respect to plant yield and Cu, Zn, and Mn uptake.

Integrated mechanical, biological and physico-chemical treatment of liquid manure streams

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kalyuzhnyi ◽  
V. Sklyar ◽  
J. Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
I. Archipchenko ◽  
I. Barboulina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Reactor Operating ◽  
Nitrogen Elimination

The results obtained during the first year of execution of a joint Russian-Dutch project “The development of integrated anaerobic-aerobic treatment of liquid manure streams with maximisation of production of valuable by-products (fertilisers, biogas) and re-utilisation of water” (1999–2001) are discussed. The application of a straw filter was an effective means to separate the solid and liquid fractions of diluted pig manure wastewater and resulted in the removal of a significant part of the dry matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus (65, 27 and 32%, respectively). From the filtrate generated, 60–80 % of the COD was removed in a UASB reactor operating at 20–30°C. Up to 66% of phosphate was precipitated after air stripping of the CO2 from the anaerobic effluents. Ammonia was efficiently removed (&gt;99%) from the anaerobic effluents using zeolite (Ural laumantite) as an ion exchanger. However, the N-content of the resulting zeolite was too low to be used as a fertiliser. A feasible alternative for nitrogen elimination involved nitrification of the anaerobic effluent followed by denitrification in a UASB reactor using the COD of the filtrated manure wastewater as carbon source.

scholarly journals Effect of salted fish waste and cow manure on NPK availability and uptake of lowland rice on peat soil in Pelalawan Riau

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Dian Syafitri Ompusunggu ◽  
Benito Heru Purwanto ◽  
Cahyo Wulandari ◽  
Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Npk Uptake ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The low yield of rice in thick peat can be overcome by provisioning complete nutrients. Various efforts have been made to increase the productivity of Indonesian peatlands, one of which is by adding salted fish waste and cow manure. This research was carried out on a plastic house scale from October 2017 to January 15, 2018, in Pelalawan District, Pelalawan Regency, Riau. This research was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of eight treatments, namely L0 = Control, L1 = 1.5 ton.ha-1 of fish waste, L2 = 2.25 ton.ha-1 of fish waste, L3 = 7 tons/ha of cow manure, L4 = 15 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, L5 = 1.5 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 7 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, L6 = 1.5 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 15 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, L7 = 2. 25 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 7 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, and L8 = 2.25 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 15 ton.ha-1 of cow manure. The results showed that the application of cow manure and salted fish waste could increase soil pH, total NPK, and NPK uptake. The application of 2.25 tons/ha of fish waste and 15 tons/ha of cow manure resulted the best results in soil pH, total NPK, and NPK uptake, therefore it is recommended for the cultivation of lowland rice on peat soil.

scholarly journals Viability of Trichoderma harzianum Grown on Different Carrier Formulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Purwanto Unsoed ◽  
YuyunYuwariah AS ◽  
Sumadi Sumadi ◽  
Tualar Simarmata
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Population Count ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Carrier Materials ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The suitable carrier composition is needed to ensure the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum as inoculant of biocontrol, plant growth promotion and decomposer fungus. The research aimed to investigate formulation of carrier to enhance of Trichoderma harzianum viability was conducted from January till June 2015 in Laboratory. Testing of the compotition of carrier materials on viability of Trichoderma harzianum using a completely randomized design consisting of 9 treatment compotitions of peat soil, cow manure, biocharcoal and nutrient. The observed variables were the population of Trichoderma harzianum (cfu/g) on a regular basis i.e2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks after production, pH and moisture content (%) of media. The result showed that the different carrier formulations resulted number of spore varried, from 1.33 x 105cfu/g to 7.98 x 106cfu/g. The best formulation of Trichoderma harzianum was peat soil 40% + cow manure 40% + biocharcoal 10% + nutrient 10% with the maximum population count achieved 7.98 x 106cfu/g after 24 weeks of storage. Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum, carrier formulation, viability, biocharcoal, nutrient..

scholarly journals Growth analysis of green-leaf lettuce under different sources and doses of organic and mineral fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247
Author(s):  
Rúbia Rejane Ribeiro ◽  
Jose Luiz Rodrigues Torres ◽  
Valdeci Orioli-Junior ◽  
Hamilton Cesar De Oliveira Charlo ◽  
Dinamar Márcia Da Silva Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Lettuce Yield ◽  
Leaf Lettuce ◽  
Different Sources

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different sources and doses of organic and mineral fertilization on the production of green-leaf lettuce. The experiment design used randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (6×3), with six doses of fertilizers (1 = 0; 2 = 25; 3 = 50; 4 = 100; 5 = 150, and 6 = 200% of the recommended fertilization for green-leaf lettuce crop) and three sources of fertilizers [cattle manure (CaM) and chicken manure (ChM), decomposed, on a wet basis and applied 100% at planting at the doses: CaM – 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100 Mg ha-1; ChM – 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 Mg ha-1; mineral fertilization (MF) varying the N levels: 0, 37.5, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg ha-1 plus 400 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and 60 kg ha-1 of K2O]. The fertilization with CaM and ChM was more efficient than the MF at increasing the production of green-leaf lettuce, mainly because of  the higher residual effects of P in the Oxisol. The ChM provided a higher soil pH, P and K, while the CaM provided a higher soil Mg, organic carbon and organic matter. The dose with 144% of organic fertilization exclusively on a wet basis corresponding to 72 Mg ha-1 of CaM and 29 Mg ha-1 of ChM resulted in the highest green-leaf lettuce yield.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Gambut Terbakar Terhadap Beberapa Sifat Fisika Gambut di Kecamatan Tripa Makmur

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-425
Author(s):  
Teuku Muhammad Afrizal ◽  
Hairul Basri ◽  
Muhammad Rusli Alibasyah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstrak. Gambut mengandung bahan organik yang tinggi. Gambut yang didrainase rentan terhadap kebakaran. Pemanfaatan gambut di Aceh sangat luas. Umumnya, gambut sering dibakar agar dapat dengan cepat dimanfaatkan., khususnya di Kecamatan Tripa Makmur Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa jauh tingkat perubahan sifat fisika gambut terbakar Rawa Tripa Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata berat volume tertinggi terdapat pada sampel T1 (top soil) yaitu  0,36 g cm-3 dan terendah pada T0 (sub soil) yaitu  0,17 g cm-3. Kadar air tertinggi  terdapat pada sampel T0 (sub soil)  yaitu 234,82% dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 81,96%. Porositas tertinggi terdapat pada sampel gambut T0  (sub soil) yaitu 94,93% dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 65,28%. Permeabilitas tertinggi terdapat pada T0 (sub soil) yaitu 33,80 cm/jam dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 16,10 cm/jam. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada parameter berat volume dengan t hitung (3,482) t tabel (1, 943), sedangkan pada parameter lainnya tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Tingkat kematangan gambut di kawasan Tripa Makmur adalah hemik. Kedalaman gambut sebesar 3 meter.  Subsiden tertinggi adalah 100 cm pada gambut terbakar di tahun 2015. Warna  gambut adalah coklat kehitaman. The Effect of Burning Peat on Some of The Physical Porperties of Peat Soil in The Tripa Makmur Sub DistrictAbstract. Peat contains high organic matter. Drained peat is susceptible to fire. The use of peat in Aceh is very broad. Peat is often burned so that it can be quickly utilized especially in Tripa makmur Sub Districk, Nagan Raya Districk. This study aims to see how far the rate of change in the physical properties of peat is burning Rawa Tripa in Nagan Raya District. The results showed that the highest average of volume weight was found in T1(top soil) 0,36 g cm-3 and the lowest in T0(sub soil) 0,17 g cm-3. The highest water content was found inT0(sub soil) 234,82%  and the lowest was on T1(top soil) 81,96%. The highest porosity was found T0(sub soil) 94,93% and the lowest in T1(top soil) 65,28%. The highest permeability is found in T0(sub soil) 33,80 cm/hour and the lowest is on T1(top soil) 16,10 cm/hour. The results of statistical tests show that there is a significant difference in the parameters of volume weight with t count 3,482 t table 1,943, while in the other parameters have no significant differences. The level of maturity in the Tripa Makmur area is hemik. Peat depth of 3 meters. The highest subsidance is 100 cm on burning peat in 2015. The color of this peat is blackish brown. 

scholarly journals Evidence for significant protein-like dissolved organic matter accumulation in Sea of Okhotsk sea ice

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (69) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats A. Granskog ◽  
Daiki Nomura ◽  
Susann Müller ◽  
Andreas Krell ◽  
Takenobu Toyota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Sea Of Okhotsk ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Ultraviolet Range ◽  
Considerable Excess

AbstractAbsorption and fluorescence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in sea ice and surface waters in the southern Sea of Okhotsk was examined. Sea-water CDOM had featureless absorption increasing exponentially with shorter wavelengths. Sea ice showed distinct absorption peaks in the ultraviolet, especially in younger ice. Older first-year sea ice had relatively flat absorption spectra in the ultraviolet range. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) identified five fluorescent CDOM components, two humic-like and three protein-like. Sea water was largely governed by humic-like fluorescence. In sea ice, protein-like fluorescence was found in considerable excess relative to sea water. The accumulation of protein-like CDOM fluorescence in sea ice is likely a result of biological activity within the ice. Nevertheless, sea ice does not contribute excess CDOM during melt, but the material released will be of different composition than that present in the underlying waters. Thus, at least transiently, the CDOM introduced during sea-ice melt might provide a more labile source of fresher protein-like DOM to surface waters in the southern Sea of Okhotsk.

Use of crushed bark of Picea abies as a soil conditioner in organic spring wheat production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Nurmi ◽  
Päivi Kurki ◽  
Iina Haikarainen ◽  
Riitta Savikurki ◽  
Janne Kaseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
First Year ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Soil Conditioner ◽  
Positive Effects

&lt;p&gt;Adding organic matter in the soil is especially important for organic agriculture, which relies on good soil health for plant production. Crushed bark (CB) of Picea abies (L.) Karsten is a forestry by-product, which has been developed into a new soil conditioner for organic farming. It contains up to 80 % organic matter with C/N ratio of 78 and pH 5.7-6.0, but is rather nutrient poor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Organic field experiments on loamy sand with moderate soil fertility took place in Mikkeli, Finland in 2017-2018 in order to test the substance. The fertilization was based on commercial organic fertilizers: chicken manure and blood meal fertilizer in the first year and meat and bone meal fertilizer in the second one. The treatments were control (only fertilization) and one- or two-year applications of CB (40 t ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) with or without base ash (4 t ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). Other half of plots were left without substances in 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;No differences between treatments were observed without the base ash in any of years. A one-year application of crushed bark with base ash increased both spring wheat yield quantity and quality. The statistically significant effects were found for yield, N uptake, grain protein content, 1000-seed weight and hectolitre weight compared to control in 2018, a year after application. Despite the severe drought during that growing season, the wheat yields for CB with base ash and control were 3100 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and 2250 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. The positive effects of soil amendments were not as clear in the first year as in the following. No benefits were visible after two-year successive application of CB either alone or with base ash. Spruce CB in addition with base ash may be beneficial in terms of yield and quality when it is applied only once in large amounts. In our study the effects were overall greater in the following year after the application.&lt;/p&gt;

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