Fate of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to corn grown on different soil types

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Sen Tran ◽  
Marcel Giroux
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Loam Soil

From an environmental standpoint, it is important to follow the fate of applied fertilizer N in soil–plant system. In this study, field experiments were conducted at two sites (Du Contour and Sainte-Rosalie series) in the Saint-Hyacinthe region in 1989 and 1990, and at four sites (Le Bras-I, -II, -III and Fourchette series) at Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon in 1989, 1990 and 1991. The site and year combinations represented a range of different climatic conditions. The 15N-labelled fertilizer as 15NH415NO3 was spread on microplot at 180 kg N ha−1 rate, just before corn seeding. The recovery of fertilizer N (NREC) of grain and silage corn (Zea may L.) varied from 47 to 51%. At harvest, the amount of residual mineral N (soil and fertilizer) in soil profile (0–90 cm) ranged from 55 kg N ha−1 in a wet growing season to 176 kg N ha−1 in a dry growing season. The NREC in the mineral pool varied from 1.4% in wet growing season, especially on sandy soil, to 20.6% under dry conditions. The NREC recovered in the organic and fixed pools was 16.3, 24.6 and 38.9% of applied rate on the sandy soil, silt loam soil and clay loam soil, respectively. This pool was immobilized in soil profile and less subjected to significant loss overwinter than the mineral pool. The annual loss of fertilizer N varied from 13.6% on Sainte-Rosalie soil, having high N immobilization capacity, to 44.1% on Le Bras-II. These results shown that under the humid conditions found in Quebec, application of fertilizer N exceeding the optimum N rate will contribute to environmental pollution risk especially on permeable soils or soils having low N fixation and immobilization capacity. Key words: Fertilizer N loss, 15N-fertilizer, corn, mineral N, organic N

EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZER N ON N ACCUMULATION AND PARTITIONING IN WHITE BEAN AND SOYBEAN

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. SMITH ◽  
M. DIJAK ◽  
D. J. HUME
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Loam Soil

White bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is generally reported to be poorly nodulated, to fix less nitrogen than soybean and to show increased yields following N fertilizer application. The work reported here attempted to determine whether white bean was N-limited under field conditions by comparing it with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) for N accumulation in whole plants through the course of the growing season, and for N distribution among, and N concentration in, plant parts at maturity. The effects of N fertilizer and irrigation were tested in three field experiments. White bean and soybean crops were found to accumulate N at similar rates during the growing season. However, in soybean, the concentration of N in seeds was higher and the concentration in nonseed tissues lower than white bean. Differences between species for N concentrations were reflected in the allocation of N among plant parts. In both crops, fertilizer N always increased the concentration of N in seeds, and often did so in other plant tissues. Irrigation increased tissue N concentrations of plants grown on a loam soil, but decreased it on a sandy loam soil. White bean was more variable in N allocation and N concentration responses to N fertilizer and irrigation than soybean. These data indicate that, although it had much lower N2-fixation rates and comparable N demands, white bean was not more N-limited than soybean.Key words: Bean (white), soybean, irrigation, N fertilizer, N yield, N partitioning

scholarly journals Residual Effect of Poultry Manure and Mineral N Application on Maize Production under Wheat-Maize Cropping System

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Syed Azam Shah ◽  
Wisal Mohammad ◽  
Haroon Haroon ◽  
Adnan Anwar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The study was designed to asses the residual effect of organic N (Poultry Manure) and mineral N on maize crop in field experiments carried out on silty clay loam soil at NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan during 2014-15. Combined dose of N from both sources were 120 kg ha-1 applied to wheat crop alone and in different combination making six treatments. Maize variety (Azam) was sown in Randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Agronomic data, grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, biomass grain yield data, N-uptake in maize grain and straw were recorded. Results showed that maximum grain ear−1, 1000 grain weight, biomass and grain yield was obtained from treatment where 25% N applied from poultry manure + 75% from mineral N source applied to previous wheat crop. Agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also found maximum in treatment where 75% poultry manure + 25% mineral N was applied. It was concluded from the study that residual effect of organic manure with mineral N in different ratios enhances crop productivity and soil fertility.

scholarly journals Residual effect of clover-rich leys on soil nitrogen and successive grain crops

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NYKÄNEN ◽  
A. GRANSTEDT ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Biological N Fixation

Legume-based leys form the basis for crop rotations in organic farming as they fix nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere for the succeeding crops. The age, yield, C:N, biological N fixation (BNF) and total N of red clover-grass leys were studied for their influence on yields, N uptake and N use efficiency (NUE) of the two sequential cereal crops planted after the leys. Mineral N in deeper soil (30-90 cm) was measured to determine N leaching risk. Altogether, four field experiments were carried out in 1994-1998 at two sites. The age of the ley had no significant effect on the yields and N uptake of the two subsequent cereals. Surprisingly, the residual effect of the leys was negligible, at 0–20 kg N ha-1yr-1. On the other hand, the yield and C:N of previous red clover-grass leys, as well as BNF-N and total-N incorporated into the soil influenced subsequent cereals. NUEs of cereals after ley incorporation were rather high, varying from 30% to 80%. This might indicate that other factors, such as competition from weeds, prevented maximal growth of cereals. The mineral N content deeper in the soil was mostly below 10 kg ha-1 in the sandy soil of Juva, but was 5-25 kg ha-1 in clayey soil of Mietoinen.;

Effectiveness of Starch Xanthide Formulations of Chloramben for Weed Control in Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Raboy ◽  
Herbert J. Hopen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
In Parenthesis ◽  
Better Than

The persistence and effectiveness in pumpkin [Cucurbita moschata(Puch.) Poir.] weed control of several starch xanthide (SX) and commercial formulations of the ammonium (NH3) salt and methyl (CH3) ester of chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid) were studied in the laboratory and field. The soluble concentrate (SC) of chloramben NH3salt and the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) of chloramben CH3ester controlled weeds throughout the growing season on a silt loam soil. SC chloramben NH3salt was not effective, and EC chloramben CH3ester was inconsistent in weed control on sandy soil. Manipulation of the SX formulation produced products with slow, uniform release rates. The release rates (crosslinking reagent in parenthesis) rank as follows, from fastest to slowest: SX(Ca2+) CH3ester = SX(H2O2) acid > SX(H2O2) CH3ester > SX(Fe3+) acid > SX(Fe3+) CH3ester. In trials on silt loam and sand, SX formulations did not control weeds better than EC chloramben CH3ester.

Corrigendum to: Piggery pond sludge as a nitrogen source for crops. 1. Mineral N supply estimated from laboratory incubations and field application of stockpiled and wet sludge

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Y. J. Kliese ◽  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
W. M. Strong ◽  
N. W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Nitrate N

Piggery pond sludge (PPS) was applied, as-collected (Wet PPS) and following stockpiling for 12 months (Stockpiled PPS), to a sandy Sodosol and clay Vertosol at sites on the Darling Downs of Queensland. Laboratory measures of N availability were carried out on unamended and PPS-amended soils to investigate their value in estimating supplementary N needs of crops in Australia's northern grains region. Cumulative net N mineralised from the long-term (30 weeks) leached aerobic incubation was described by a first-order single exponential model. The mineralisation rate constant (0.057/week) was not significantly different between Control and PPS treatments or across soil types, when the amounts of initial mineral N applied in PPS treatments were excluded. Potentially mineralisable N (No) was significantly increased by the application of Wet PPS, and increased with increasing rate of application. Application of Wet PPS significantly increased the total amount of inorganic N leached compared with the Control treatments. Mineral N applied in Wet PPS contributed as much to the total mineral N status of the soil as did that which mineralised over time from organic N. Rates of CO2 evolution during 30 weeks of aerobic leached incubation indicated that the Stockpiled PPS was more stabilised (19.28% of applied organic C mineralised) than the Wet PPS (35.58% of applied organic C mineralised), due to higher lignin content in the former. Net nitrate-N produced following 12 weeks of aerobic non-leached incubation was highly correlated with net nitrate-N leached during 12 weeks of aerobic incubation (R2 = 0.96), although it was <60% of the latter in both sandy and clayey soils. Anaerobically mineralisable N determined by waterlogged incubation of laboratory PPS-amended soil samples increased with increasing application rate of Wet PPS. Anaerobically mineralisable N from field-moist soil was well correlated with net N mineralised during 30 weeks of aerobic leached incubation (R2 = 0.90 sandy soil; R2 = 0.93 clay soil). In the clay soil, the amount of mineral N produced from all the laboratory incubations was significantly correlated with field-measured nitrate-N in the soil profile (0.1.5 m depth) after 9 months of weed-free fallow following PPS application. In contrast, only anaerobic mineralisable N was significantly correlated with field nitrate-N in the sandy soil. Anaerobic incubation would, therefore, be suitable as a rapid practical test to estimate potentially mineralisable N following applications of different PPS materials in the field.

Fate of applied biosolids nitrogen in a cut and remove forage system on an alluvial clay loam soil

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixin Pu ◽  
Mike Bell ◽  
Glenn Barry ◽  
Peter Want
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Biosolids Application ◽  
Alluvial Clay

The fate of nitrogen (N) applied in biosolids was investigated in a forage production system on an alluvial clay loam soil in south-eastern Queensland, Australia. Biosolids were applied in October 2002 at rates of 6, 12, 36, and 54 dry t/ha for aerobically digested biosolids (AE) and 8, 16, 48, and 72 dry t/ha for anaerobically digested biosolids (AN). Rates were based on multiples of the Nitrogen Limited Biosolids Application rate (0.5, 1, 3, and 4.5NLBAR) for each type of biosolid. The experiment included an unfertilised control and a fertilised control that received multiple applications of synthetic fertiliser. Forage sorghum was planted 1 week after biosolids application and harvested 4 times between December 2002 and May 2003. Dry matter production was significantly greater from the biosolids-treated plots (21–27 t/ha) than from the unfertilised (16 t/ha) and fertilised (18 t/ha) controls. The harvested plant material removed an extra 148–488 kg N from the biosolids-treated plots. Partial N budgets were calculated for the 1NLBAR and 4.5NLBAR treatments for each biosolids type at the end of the crop season. Crop removal only accounted for 25–33% of the applied N in the 1NLBAR treatments and as low as 8–15% with 4.5NLBAR. Residual biosolids N was predominantly in the form of organic N (38–51% of applied biosolids N), although there was also a significant proportion (10–23%) as NO3-N, predominantly in the top 0.90 m of the soil profile. From 12 to 29% of applied N was unaccounted for, and presumed to be lost as gaseous nitrogen and/or ammonia, as a consequence of volatilisation or denitrification, respectively. In-season mineralisation of organic N in biosolids was 43–59% of the applied organic N, which was much greater than the 15% (AN)–25% (AE) expected, based on current NLBAR calculation methods. Excessive biosolids application produced little additional biomass but led to high soil mineral N concentrations that were vulnerable to multiple loss pathways. Queensland Guidelines need to account for higher rates of mineralisation and losses via denitrification and volatilisation and should therefore encourage lower application rates to achieve optimal plant growth and minimise the potential for detrimental impacts on the environment.

scholarly journals Piggery pond sludge as a nitrogen source for crops. 1. Mineral N supply estimated from laboratory incubations and field application of stockpiled and wet sludge

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Kliese ◽  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
W. M. Strong ◽  
N. W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Aerobic Incubation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Nitrate N

Piggery pond sludge (PPS) was applied, as-collected (Wet PPS) and following stockpiling for 12 months (Stockpiled PPS), to a sandy Sodosol and clay Vertosol at sites on the Darling Downs of Queensland. Laboratory measures of N availability were carried out on unamended and PPS-amended soils to investigate their value in estimating supplementary N needs of crops in Australia’s northern grains region. Cumulative net N mineralised from the long-term (30 weeks) leached aerobic incubation was described by a first-order single exponential model. The mineralisation rate constant (0.057/week) was not significantly different between Control and PPS treatments or across soil types, when the amounts of initial mineral N applied in PPS treatments were excluded. Potentially mineralisable N (No) was significantly increased by the application of Wet PPS, and increased with increasing rate of application. Application of Wet PPS significantly increased the total amount of inorganic N leached compared with the Control treatments. Mineral N applied in Wet PPS contributed as much to the total mineral N status of the soil as did that which mineralised over time from organic N. Rates of CO2 evolution during 30 weeks of aerobic leached incubation indicated that the Stockpiled PPS was more stabilised (19–28% of applied organic C mineralised) than the Wet PPS (35–58% of applied organic C mineralised), due to higher lignin content in the former. Net nitrate-N produced following 12 weeks of aerobic non-leached incubation was highly correlated with net nitrate-N leached during 12 weeks of aerobic incubation (R2 = 0.96), although it was <60% of the latter in both sandy and clayey soils. Anaerobically mineralisable N determined by waterlogged incubation of laboratory PPS-amended soil samples increased with increasing application rate of Wet PPS. Anaerobically mineralisable N from field-moist soil was well correlated with net N mineralised during 30 weeks of aerobic leached incubation (R2 = 0.90 sandy soil; R2 = 0.93 clay soil). In the clay soil, the amount of mineral N produced from all the laboratory incubations was significantly correlated with field-measured nitrate-N in the soil profile (0–1.5 m depth) after 9 months of weed-free fallow following PPS application. In contrast, only anaerobic mineralisable N was significantly correlated with field nitrate-N in the sandy soil. Anaerobic incubation would, therefore, be suitable as a rapid practical test to estimate potentially mineralisable N following applications of different PPS materials in the field.

Seasonal variation in response of winter cereals to nitrogen fertilizer and apparent recovery of fertilizer nitrogen on chalk soils in southern England

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. GRYLLS ◽  
J. WEBB ◽  
C. J. DYER
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Winter Cereals

From 1985 to 1987, 20 experiments were carried out on shallow chalk soils, in which soil N reserves were expected to be small, to assess seasonal variations in the response of winter cereals to applied fertilizer N, and to relate these responses to measurements of soil mineral N (SMN), temperature and soil moisture deficits (SMD).Soil mineral N measured in autumn varied from 21 kg/ha (1986) to 73 kg/ha (1985), while SMN in spring ranged from 19 kg/ha (1987) to 91 kg/ha (1985), these values were typical of soils in long-term arable rotations. Estimates of apparent net N mineralization (AM) during the growing season were small at c. 26 kg/ha and suggested large seasonal variation. The small AM is considered to be due to the shallow topsoil drying out during the growing season. Whole crop N offtake without fertilizer N was only c. 40kg/ha. Crop N offtake, grain yield without fertilizer N and AFR (apparent recovery of fertilizer N) could not be reliably predicted by regression on SMN in autumn, SMN in spring or AM. Little or none of the variation in crop yield could be accounted for by regression on accumulated temperature over winter, maximum SMD in April to July or mean temperature in April to July.Despite optimum grain yields being only moderate at 6·59 t/ha for winter wheat and 6·78 t/ha for winter barley, response to applied fertilizer N was large, between 3·77 and 5·38 t/ha. In consequence the requirement for fertilizer N (c. 240–250 kg/ha) was also large, but differed little between seasons. This large requirement is concluded to be a result of limited fertilizer recovery and mineralization of soil N during the growing season.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY AND LIMING ON MINERALIZATION OF SOIL NITROGEN

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NYBORG ◽  
P. B. HOYT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Cultivated Soils

Forty acid surface soils of pH 4.0–5.6 were incubated with and without lime, and the amounts of N that were mineralized or nitrified were statistically compared with several soil acidity characteristics. In addition, three field experiments were used to find the effect of liming on N mineralization. There was no relation between the amounts of mineral N released per unit of organic N in 120 days of incubation and soil pH, base saturation or soluble Fe, Al or Mn. Despite this, liming the soils to about pH 6.7 approximately doubled the amounts of N mineralized during incubation. In the field experiments, lime increased uptake of soil N by 15–42 kg/ha in the 1st yr but only 7–10 kg/ha in the 3rd yr. Thus these laboratory and field experiments indicate that soil acidity does not restrict mineralization of organic N and although liming increases mineralization of N, it is generally a temporary effect. Nitrification in the 40 incubated soils occurred much more rapidly in cultivated soils than in virgin soils. For both the virgin and cultivated soils, nitrification decreased with decreasing soil pH. However, nitrification was not statistically related to base saturation or soluble Fe, Al or Mn. Liming established good nitrification in most of the soils and this effect did not diminish with time.

scholarly journals Waste composts as nitrogen fertilizers for forage leys

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. TONTTI ◽  
A. NYKÄNEN ◽  
M. KUISMA
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Plant Yields

Two field experiments, conventional grass ley and organic grass-clover ley, were established with barley as a nurse crop in spring 2000 and given either low or high fertilization with mineral fertilizer (Mineral) or composts. The compost types were municipal biowaste (Biowaste), biowaste + sewage sludge (BioSludge) and cattle manure (Manure). Plant yields and nitrogen (N) uptakes were measured for three years and efficiency of N utilization was estimated. In single application of compost, the total N was mainly in organic form and less than 10% was in inorganic form. Along with increasing amount of inorganic N applied in compost, the yield, N uptake and N recovery increased during the application year. The highest compost N recovery in the application year was 12%, found with Biowaste. In the following years the highest N recovery was found where the lowest total N had been applied. Clover performance was improved in the organic grass-clover ley established with BioSludge fertilization, producing total ley yield comparable with Manure compost. High total N application in composts caused high N surplus and low N use efficiency over three years. Generally, moderate compost fertilization is suitable for ley crops when supplemented with mineral N fertilizer or clover N fixation.;

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