Runoff and sediment yield from snowmelt and rainfall as influenced by forage type and grazing intensity

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Gill ◽  
M. A. Naeth ◽  
D. S. Chanasyk ◽  
V. S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Grazing Intensities ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Currently, there is interest in Western Canada in extending the grazing season using perennial and annual forages. Of greatest concern is the environmental sustainability of these grazing systems, with emphasis on their ability to withstand erosion. A study to examine the runoff and sediment yields of annual and perennial forages in central Alberta was initiated in 1994. Runoff and sediment yield were quantified under snowmelt and rainfall events for two seasons. Rainfall simulation was used to further examine runoff under growing season conditions. Four forage treatments (two annuals: triticale and a barley/triticale mixture and two perennials: smooth bromegrass and meadow bromegrass) and three grazing intensities (light, medium and heavy) were studied, each replicated four times. Total annual runoff was dominated by snowmelt. Generally runoff volumes, sediment yields, sediment ratios and runoff coefficients were all low. Bare ground increased with increasing grazing intensity and was significantly greater in annuals than perennials for all grazing intensities. Litter biomass decreased with increasing grazing intensity and was generally similar in all species for both years at heavy and medium grazing intensities. Results from the rainfall simulation corroborated those under natural rainfall conditions and generally indicated the sustainability of these grazing systems at this site. Key words: Forages, soil erosion, sustainability, rainfall simulation

scholarly journals Effect of natural rainfall on the migration characteristics of runoff and sediment on purple soil sloping cropland during different planting stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jiupai Ni ◽  
Chengsheng Ni ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Deti Xie
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Purple Soil ◽  
Torrential Rain ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Sediment Loss ◽  
Rain Events

Abstract Due to the difficulty in monitoring subsurface runoff and sediment migration, their loss loads are still not clear and need further study. This study monitored water and soil loss occurring within experimental field plots for two calendar years under natural rainfall events. The sediment loss load was quantified by considering the corresponding water flow flux and its sediment concentration. The results showed that 60.04% of the runoff and 2.83% of the sediment were lost underground. The annual underground sediment loss reached up to 54.6 kg*ha−1*yr−1. A total of 69.68% of the runoff yield and 67.25% of the sediment yield were produced during the corn planting stage (CPS: March–July). Heavy rain and torrential rain events produced 94.45%, 65.46% of the annual runoff and 94.45%, 76.21% of the sediment yields during the corn-planting stage and summer fallow period (SFP: August–September). The rain frequency, rainfall, and rainfall duration of each planting stage significantly affected the resulting runoff and sediment yield. Measures aimed at the prevention and control of water-soil loss from purple soil sloping land should heavily focus on torrential rain and heavy rain events during the CPS and SFP. This paper aims to provide a practical reference for quantifying the water and soil loss from purple soil sloping cropland.

Effect of Shrub Planting on Runoff and Sediment under Simulated Rainfall

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Pei Qing Xiao ◽  
Wen Yi Yao ◽  
Chang Gao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Flow Shear ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Hydraulic Mechanism ◽  
Flow Shear Stress ◽  
Sediment Reduction ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Effect of shrub on runoff and sediment yield and its hydraulic mechanism of shrub were studied under rainfall intensities of 45, 87 and 127mm/h with 20°slope gradient using simulated rainfall experiment. the results showed that average runoff rates ranged from 39.7 to 126.0 L/min for bare plots and 0.77 to 4.83 L/min for shrub plots, and the runoff rates from shrub plots were much less than from bare plots. Average sediment yields varied from 3636.7 to 9436.3 g/min for bare plots and from 28.0 to 421.6 g/min for shrub plots. The critical flow shear stress of 1.65 N/m2 on shrub slope and 0.861 N/m2 on bare slope were got under experiment condition. The sediment yield increased with the increase of flow shear stress. The experiment results are meaningful for quantifying runoff and sediment reduction and deepening soil erosion mechanical process also.

Methods of Estimating Runoff and Soil Loss in Plots under Different Plant Densities of Amaranthus

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
C.S. Okoli
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Engineering Department ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

This paper reports of study that was conducted to evaluate runoff rates and sediment yield as affected by different plant densities of amaranthus at the experimental farm of Agricultural Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The experimentally based study is aimed at determining the runoff and sediment yield relationship as affected by different plant densities of amaranthus at the experimental farm. Treatment were based on four plant densities A (97 plant/m2) B (42 plant/m2) C (125 plant/m2) D (69 plant/m2), runoff depths and sediment yields were measured during the months of August to November 2003. A complete randomized block design was used to evaluate treatment methods on the basis of sediment yield and run off depth. A rainfall-Runoff model was established to enable future occurrence to be predicted. The water balance equation was used to compute the evapotransipiration (ET) for each plot. There were significant differences in sediment yields and run off depths among the treatments at 5% level of significance treatment. A (97 plant/m2) and C (125 plant/m2) were found to have the least amount of runoff and sediment yield, while treatment B (42 plant/m2) and D(69 plants/m2) had the highest amount of runoff and sediment yield. The result confirms the proposition that increased plant densities had a significant effect in reducing runoff and sediment for agricultural lands.

scholarly journals Contrasting watershed-scale trends in runoff and sediment yield complicate rangeland water resources planning

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2295-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Berg ◽  
Franco Marcantonio ◽  
Mead A. Allison ◽  
Jason McAlister ◽  
Bradford P. Wilcox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Dynamic Landscape ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Lead 210 ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Abstract. Rangelands cover a large portion of the earth's land surface and are undergoing dramatic landscape changes. At the same time, these ecosystems face increasing expectations to meet growing water supply needs. To address major gaps in our understanding of rangeland hydrologic function, we investigated historical watershed-scale runoff and sediment yield in a dynamic landscape in central Texas, USA. We quantified the relationship between precipitation and runoff and analyzed reservoir sediment cores dated using cesium-137 and lead-210 radioisotopes. Local rainfall and streamflow showed no directional trend over a period of 85 years, resulting in a rainfall–runoff ratio that has been resilient to watershed changes. Reservoir sedimentation rates generally were higher before 1963, but have been much lower and very stable since that time. Our findings suggest that (1) rangeland water yields may be stable over long periods despite dramatic landscape changes while (2) these same landscape changes influence sediment yields that impact downstream reservoir storage. Relying on rangelands to meet water needs demands an understanding of how these dynamic landscapes function and a quantification of the physical processes at work.

Evaluation of EPIC's snowmelt and water erosion submodels using data from the Peace River region of Alberta

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Puurveen ◽  
R. C. Izaurralde ◽  
D. S. Chanasyk ◽  
J. R. Williams ◽  
R. F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
River Region ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Water erosion due to snowmelt is a major form of erosion in boreal regions of the Canadian Prairie. Evaluation of erosion models is an essential step before recommending their use in local or regional assessments of erosion rates and control methods. Using inputs from a runoff study conducted at La Glace, Alberta (55°25'N, 119°10'W) from 1984 to 1986, we evaluated the Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) for its ability to simulate runoff and sediment yield from snowmelt events. The model was initialized with soil profile data acquired at the study site and complemented with data from standard soil databases (Albright series; loam, Dark Gray Chernozem). Daily weather data were acquired from the nearest climatological station (annual precipitation = 475 mm). Management data were as reported and included combinations of conventional and reduced tillage, annual and perennial, and fallow cropping. Mean runoff volume measured in 1985 was 57 mm while in 1986 it was 76 mm. EPIC over-predicted runoff volume by 25% in 1985 but under-predicted it by 7% in 1986. The period in which snowmelt occurred (mid-March – beginning of April) was predicted correctly. Under the conditions of this study, with many cropping inputs obtained from different sources, the model was unable to reproduce the reported management effects on runoff and sediment yield. EPIC simulated springmelt soil temperature trends at 9-cm depth, although the predicted temperatures in 1985 were generally underestimated. Our results suggest that the EPIC model calculates adequate values of runoff volumes and sediment yields during snowmelt. Key words: Runoff, sediment yield, soil erosion, crop rotations

scholarly journals Contrasting watershed-scale trends in runoff and sediment yield complicate rangeland water resources planning

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Berg ◽  
F. Marcantonio ◽  
M. A. Allison ◽  
J. McAlister ◽  
B. P. Wilcox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Dynamic Landscape ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Lead 210 ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Abstract. Rangelands cover a large portion of the earth’s land surface and are undergoing dramatic landscape changes. At the same time, these ecosystems face increasing expectations to meet growing water supply needs. To address major gaps in our understanding of rangeland hydrologic function, we investigated historical watershed-scale runoff and sediment yield in a dynamic landscape in central Texas, USA. We quantified the relationship between precipitation and runoff and analyzed reservoir sediment cores dated using Cesium-137 and Lead-210 radioisotopes. Local rainfall and streamflow showed no directional trend over a period of 85 years, resulting in a rainfall-runoff ratio that has been resilient to watershed changes. Reservoir sedimentation rates generally were higher before 1963, but have been much lower and very stable since that time. Our findings suggest that (1) rangeland water yields may be stable over long periods despite dramatic landscape changes while (2) these same landscape changes influence sediment yields that impact downstream reservoir storage. Relying on rangelands to meet water needs demands an understanding of how these dynamic landscapes function and a quantification of the physical processes at work.

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