Estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural fields over 28 months

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wagner-Riddle ◽  
G. W. Thurtell ◽  
G. K. Kidd ◽  
E. G. Beauchamp ◽  
R. Sweetman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Tunable Diode Laser ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Key Words Nitrous Oxide

Field studies conducted throughout the calendar year are needed to improve flux estimates for the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). In this study, we report monthly N2O emissions measured using micrometeorological techniques and a Tunable Diode Laser Trace Gas Analyzer (TDLTGA). Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured at the Elora Research Station (20 km north of Guelph, Ontario) from July to November 1992, and from March 1993 to February 1995, giving a total of 2445 daily averages obtained during the full length of the experiment. The soil at the experimental site was a Conestogo silt loam (Gleyed melanic brunisol). Several fields were monitored including fallow, manured fallow, Kentucky bluegrass, alfalfa, barley, canola, soybeans and corn plots. Spring thaw emissions from fallow or ploughed plots measured from March to April ranged from 1.5 to 4.3 kg N ha−1, corresponding to approximately 65% of the total annual emission. Similar effects were not observed on the vegetated (alfalfa and grass) plots. The lowest total annual N2O emissions were measured for second year alfalfa (1 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and bluegrass (0 to 0.5 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Higher annual emissions (2.5 to 4.0 kg N ha−1 yr−1) were observed for corn, barley, canola, and fallow plots. Highest annual emissions were measured after addition of nitrogen in the form of animal manure on a fallowed plot (5.7 to 7.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1), and alfalfa residue by fall-ploughing (6.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Plot management during the previous year affected N2O emissions, particularly on the soybean plot (5.9 kg N ha−1 yr−1) that followed a manured fallow treatment. The micrometeorological technique used in this study was successful at quasi-continuous monitoring of N2O fluxes from several plots, and therefore, useful for detecting long-term effects of management on emissions. Key words: Nitrous oxide, N2O fluxes, trace gases, agriculture, greenhouse gases

Impacts of 49–51 years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Drury ◽  
W. D. Reynolds ◽  
C. S. Tan ◽  
N. B. McLaughlin ◽  
X. M. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Term Management

Drury, C. F., Reynolds, W. D., Tan, C. S., McLaughlin, N. B., Yang, X. M., Calder, W., Oloya, T. O. and Yang, J. Y. 2014. Impacts of 49–51 years of years of fertilization and crop rotation on growing season nitrous oxide emissions, nitrogen uptake and corn yields. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 421–433. A field study was established in 1959 to evaluate the effects of fertilization and crop rotation on crop yields, soil and environmental quality on a Brookston clay loam. There were two fertilizer treatments (fertilized and not-fertilized) and six cropping treatments including continuous corn (CC), continuous Kentucky bluegrass sod and a 4-yr rotation of corn–oat–alfalfa–alfalfa with each phase present each year. We measured N2O emissions, inorganic N and plant N uptake over three growing seasons (2007–2009) in the corn phase. Nitrous oxide emissions varied over the 3 yr as a result of the seasonal variation in precipitation quantity, intensity and timing and differences in crop growth and N uptake. Fertilized CC lost, on average, 7.36 kg N ha−1 by N2O emissions, whereas the not-fertilized CC lost only 0.51 kg N ha−1. Fertilized rotation corn (RC) lost 6.46 kg N ha−1, which was 12% lower than fertilized CC. The not-fertilized RC, on the other hand, emitted about half as much N2O (2.95 kg N ha−1) as the fertilized RC. Fertilized RC had corn grain yields that averaged 10.0 t ha−1 over the 3 yr followed by fertilized CC at 5.48 t ha−1. Not-fertilized RC corn had yields that were 61% lower (3.93 t ha−1) than fertilized RC, whereas the not-fertilized CC had yields that were 75% lower (1.39 t ha−1) than fertilized CC. Nitrous oxide emissions were found to be dramatically affected by long-term management practices and crop rotation had lower emissions in the corn phase of the rotation even though the N input from fertilizer addition and legume N fixation was greater. These N2O emission and yield results were due to both factors that are traditionally used to describe these processes as well as long-term soil quality factors, which were created by the long-term management (i.e., soil organic carbon, soil physical parameters such as bulk density, and porosity, soil fauna and micro-flora) and that influenced crop growth, N uptake and soil water contents.

Soil nitrous oxide emissions as affected by long-term tillage, cropping systems and nitrogen fertilization in Southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cimélio Bayer ◽  
Juliana Gomes ◽  
Josiléia Accordi Zanatta ◽  
Frederico Costa Beber Vieira ◽  
Marisa de Cássia Piccolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Southern Brazil

Spring thaw and growing season N2O emissions from a field planted with edible peas and a cover crop

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Pattey ◽  
Lynda G Blackburn ◽  
Ian B. Strachan ◽  
Ray Desjardins ◽  
Dave Dow
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Tunable Diode Laser ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Continuous Measurements

Nitrous oxide emissions are highly episodic and to accurately quantify them annually, continuous measurements are required. A tower-based micrometeorological measuring system was used on a commercial cattle farm near Cô teau-du-Lac, (QC, Canada) during 2003 and 2004 to quantify N2O emissions associated with the production of edible peas. It was equipped with an ultrasonic anemometer and a fast-response closed-path tunable diode laser. Continuous measurements of N2O fluxes were made during the spring thaw following corn cultivation in summer 2002, then during an edible pea growing season, followed by cattle manure application, cover crop planting and through until after the next spring ploughing. The cumulative N2O emissions of 0.7 kg N2O-N ha-1 during the initial snowmelt period following corn harvest were lower than expected. Sustained and small N2O emissions totalling 1.7 kg N2O-N ha-1 were observed during the growing season of the pea crop. Solid cattle manure applied after the pea harvest generated the largest N2O emissions (1.9 kg N2O-N ha-1 over 10 d) observed during the entire sampling period. N2O emissions associated with the cover crop in the fall were mostly influenced by manure application and totalled 0.8 kg N2O-N ha-1. For the subsequent spring thaw period, N2O emissions were 0.8 kg N2O-N ha-1. This represents approximately 15% of the annual emissions for the edible pea-cover crop system, which totalled 5.6 kg N2O-N ha-1 over the measuring periods. There was little difference in spring thaw N2O emissions between the two growing seasons of corn and edible pea-cover crop. Key words: Nitrous oxide emissions, legumes, snowmelt, dairy manure, tunable diode laser, flux tower

scholarly journals Long-term nutrient addition increases respiration and nitrous oxide emissions in a New England salt marsh

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4958-4966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose M. Martin ◽  
Cathleen Wigand ◽  
Elizabeth Elmstrom ◽  
Javier Lloret ◽  
Ivan Valiela
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
New England ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
England Salt Marsh

scholarly journals No-tillage reduces long-term yield-scaled soil nitrous oxide emissions in rainfed Mediterranean agroecosystems: A field and modelling approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Plaza-Bonilla ◽  
Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes ◽  
Javier Bareche ◽  
Evangelina Pareja-Sánchez ◽  
Éric Justes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Modelling Approach

The effectiveness of dicyandiamide in reducing nitrous oxide emissions from a cattle-grazed, winter forage crop in Southland, New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Smith ◽  
C. A. M. de Klein ◽  
R. M. Monaghan ◽  
W. D. Catto
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Simulated Grazing

A study was conducted in Southland, New Zealand to: (i) measure nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3–-N) leaching losses from a cattle-grazed, winter forage crop; and (ii) quantify the effect of dicyandiamide (DCD) in reducing these losses. Drainage losses were measured for 12 months (December 2005–November 2006) from a December-sown kale crop using 12 hydrologically isolated drainage plots at the Woodlands Research Station. N2O emissions were measured for 6 months (June–November) following simulated grazing of the crop in mid-June. N2O emissions from the bare ground following grazing of the crop amounted to 3.6 kg nitrogen (N)/ha for the winter–spring period. This figure is higher than that measured for pasture on the same soil type over a similar period. DCD application significantly reduced N2O emissions for the whole crop area by 25% over this period and reduced the N2O emission factor for urine by 54%. DCD application increased the length of time mineral N (0–10 cm soil depth) was maintained in the ammonium form and significantly reduced soil NO3–-N levels for 6 weeks following the simulated grazing. Annual NO3–-N losses in drainage under this winter forage crop were relatively high at 79 kg N/ha.year, with the majority of this (67%) being lost over the wet summer months (December–January rainfall 434 mm or 200% of normal) during crop growth. The application of DCD following the grazing resulted in a 47% decrease in NO3–-N leached over the winter–spring period (26 kg N/ha v. 14 kg N/ha) with this equating to a 29% decrease over the full 12-month measurement period. This study suggested that winter forage crops are major contributors to N losses from livestock farming systems in Southland and that DCD application following the grazing of such crops by cattle can significantly reduce N2O emissions and leaching N losses.

scholarly journals Short- and Long-Term Effects of Nonconsciously Processed Ambient Scents in a Servicescape: Findings From Two Field Experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Girard ◽  
Marcel Lichters ◽  
Marko Sarstedt ◽  
Dipayan Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Railway Company ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Ambient Scents ◽  
Short Term Effects

Ambient scents are being increasingly used in different service environments. While there is emerging research on the effects of scents, almost nothing is known about the long-term effects of consumers’ repeated exposure to ambient scents in a service environment as prior studies on ambient scents have been lab or field studies examining short-term effects of scent exposure only. Addressing this limitation, we examine the short- and long-term effects of ambient scents. Specifically, we present a conceptual framework for the short- and long-term effects of nonconsciously processed ambient scent in olfactory-rich servicescapes. We empirically test this framework with the help of two large-scale field experiments, conducted in collaboration with a major German railway company, in which consumers were exposed to a pleasant, nonconsciously processed scent. The first experiment demonstrates ambient scent’s positive short-term effects on consumers’ service perceptions. The second experiment—a longitudinal study conducted over a 4-month period—examines scent’s long-term effects on consumers’ reactions and demonstrates that the effects persist even when the scent has been removed from the servicescape.

Long-term effects of contrasting tillage on soil organic carbon, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions in a Mediterranean Vertisol under different crop sequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 619-620 ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Badagliacca ◽  
Emilio Benítez ◽  
Gaetano Amato ◽  
Luigi Badalucco ◽  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Long Term Effects

Long-Term Effects of Three Tillage Systems on Peanut Grade, Yield, and Stem Rot Development1

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Grade Yield

Abstract Field studies were conducted from 1987 to 1996 to evaluate the effects of long-term no-tillage, reduced-tillage, or full-tillage systems on peanut grade, yield, and stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) disease development. In 3 of 10 yr the full-tillage system outyielded the no-tillage system while the reduced tillage system resulted in yield increase over no-tillage systems in 2 yr. Reduced-tillage plots had a higher incidence of stem rot than full-or no-tillage in 4 of 10 yr. In 3 of 10 yr, peanut grade (% TSMK) was lower in no-tillage than full-tillage plots. The reduced tillage system has shown promise for use in Texas for peanut. However, no-tillage peanut systems have never produced yield and quality comparable to full-tillage systems.

scholarly journals Soil nitrous oxide emissions in long-term cover crops-based rotations under subtropical climate

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Gomes ◽  
Cimélio Bayer ◽  
Falberni de Souza Costa ◽  
Marisa de Cássia Piccolo ◽  
Josiléia Acordi Zanatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Subtropical Climate
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