Controlled-release urea for winter wheat in southern Alberta

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H McKenzie ◽  
E. Bremer ◽  
A B Middleton ◽  
P G Pfiffner ◽  
R E Dowbenko
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Controlled Release Urea

The recent development of low-cost controlled-release urea (CRU) may provide additional options for N fertilization of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two field experiments were conducted over 3 yr at three locations in southern Alberta to evaluate different options of applying CRU to winter wheat. In the first experiment, three N fertilizers (20-day CRU, 40-day CRU and urea) were seed-placed and side-banded at the time of seeding at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1. Stand densities were substantially reduced by seedrow application of urea at rates greater than 30 kg N ha-1, but were unaffected by seedrow application of CRU, even at the highest rate of N application. When N fertilizer was sidebanded, stand densities were unaffected by fertilizer type or N rate. Yield gains due to N application were reduced by application of high rates of seed-placed urea, but similar for other treatments. Grain protein concentration and N uptake were also similar for CRU and seed-placed urea. In the second experiment, three N fertilizers (CRU, urea and ammonium nitrate) were broadcast at 30 kg N ha-1 in early spring on plots that had received 0, 30 or 60 kg N ha-1 of CRU at the time of seeding. Inadequate release of spring broadcast CRU was indicated by reduced grain protein concentrations relative to conventional N fertilizers. Under the conditions experienced in our study, CRU substantially increased the maximum safe rate of seed-placed urea, provided minimal benefits to N response relative to side-banded urea, and was less effective than conventional N fertilizers when broadcast in early spring. Key words: N fertilizer use efficiency, slow release, winter survival

EFFECT OF RATE, TIMING AND PLACEMENT OF N FERTILIZER ON STUBBLED-IN WINTER WHEAT GROWN ON A BROWN CHERNOZEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
J. G. McLEOD ◽  
F. SELLES ◽  
F. B. DYCK ◽  
C. VERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Brown Soil

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Saskatchewan has increased in recent years due to the introduction of Norstar, a winter hardy variety, and due to the reduction in winter injury when the crop is seeded directly into standing stubble (stubbling-in). Large variations in the amount and distribution of seasonal precipitation in the Brown soil zone may prove detrimental to the adoption of this system. If implemented, fertilizer recommendations will need to be developed to fit this cropping system. A 4-yr study was conducted at Swift Current, Saskatchewan on an orthic Brown Chernozemic silt loam soil to determine the effect of rate, season of application, and placement of urea-N on grain yields and protein concentration of stubbled-in winter wheat. Plant density was unaffected by N. In 1984–1985 and 1986–1987 adequate weather conditions from seeding to early spring resulted in acceptable plant stands, but in 1985–1986 suboptimal winter temperatures and in 1987–1988 severe drought during fall and early spring reduced over-winter survival of wheat. Only 1 year provided better-than-average growing season weather conditions and thus good yields. Grain protein was < 11.5% (the critical lower level for milling) in two of the 4 years. In 1 year, a dry fall and winter coupled with a prolonged hot, dry early spring resulted in poor grain yields and very high protein concentrations (20–22%). Fertilizer-nitrogen, broadcast at 50 kg ha−1 at seeding, resulted in yields and grain protein concentrations similar to those when N was broadcast in April. Band placement of N was superior to broadcast application only in terms of grain protein concentration and N fertilizer recovery. There was no difference between banding N at 5 and 10 cm depth. In all years studied, application of N at 100 kg ha−1 was excessive for this system. It was concluded that producers should be cautious in attempting to grow stubbled-in winter wheat in the Brown soil zone.Key words: Yield, grain protein, N recovery, plant population, kernel weight

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide and methane fluxes in south Brazilian gleysol as affected by nitrogen fertilizers

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1653-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiléia Acordi Zanatta ◽  
Cimélio Bayer ◽  
Frederico C.B. Vieira ◽  
Juliana Gomes ◽  
Michely Tomazi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
N Sources

Nitrogen fertilizers increase the nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and can reduce the methane (CH4) oxidation from agricultural soils. However, the magnitude of this effect is unknown in Southern Brazilian edaphoclimatic conditions, as well as the potential of different sources of mineral N fertilizers in such an effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different mineral N sources (urea, ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, Uran, controlled- release N fertilizer, and urea with urease inhibitor) on N2O and CH4 fluxes from Gleysol in the South of Brazil (Porto Alegre, RS), in comparison to a control treatment without a N application. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block with three replications, and the N fertilizer was applied to corn at the V5 growth stage. Air samples were collected from a static chambers for 15 days after the N application and the N2O and CH4 concentration were determined by gas chromatography. The topmost emissions occurred three days after the N fertilizer application and ranged from 187.8 to 8587.4 µg m-2 h-1 N. The greatest emissions were observed for N-nitric based fertilizers, while N sources with a urease inhibitor and controlled release N presented the smallest values and the N-ammonium and amidic were intermediate. This peak of N2O emissions was related to soil NO3--N (R² = 0.56, p < 0.08) when the soil water-filled pore space was up to 70 % and it indicated that N2O was predominantly produced by a denitrification process in the soil. Soil CH4 fluxes ranged from -30.1 µg m-2 h-1 C (absorption) to +32.5 µg m-2 h-1 C (emission), and the accumulated emission in the period was related to the soil NH4+-N concentration (R² = 0.82, p < 0.001), probably due to enzymatic competition between nitrification and metanotrophy processes. Despite both of the gas fluxes being affected by N fertilizers, in the average of the treatments, the impact on CH4 emission (0.2 kg ha-1 equivalent CO2-C ) was a hundredfold minor than for N2O (132.8 kg ha-1 equivalent CO2-C). Accounting for the N2O and CH4 emissions plus energetic costs of N fertilizers of 1.3 kg CO2-C kg-1 N regarding the manufacture, transport and application, we estimated an environmental impact of N sources ranging from 220.4 to 664.5 kg ha-1 CO2 -C , which can only be partially offset by C sequestration in the soil, as no study in South Brazil reported an annual net soil C accumulation rate larger than 160 kg ha-1 C due to N fertilization. The N2O mitigation can be obtained by the replacement of N-nitric sources by ammonium and amidic fertilizers. Controlled release N fertilizers and urea with urease inhibitor are also potential alternatives to N2O emission mitigation to atmospheric and systematic studies are necessary to quantify their potential in Brazilian agroecosystems.

Winter wheat response to nitrogen fertilizer form and placement in southern Alberta

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
E. Bremer ◽  
R. H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Coated Urea

The recommended method for N fertilization to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the Canadian prairies has been to broadcast ammonium nitrate (AN) during early spring. In the Chinook region of southern Alberta, considerable interest exists in alternative formulations (particularly urea), times of application and placements. To determine the effect of alternative N fertilizer practices on winter wheat in southern Alberta, two field experiments were conducted over 2 consecutive years (1998-1999 and 1999-2000) at three locations. In the first experiment, fall applications of urea or coated urea, seed-placed or banded, were compared to the standard practice of spring-broadcast AN. At five of six sites, there was no difference between fall-banded urea and coated urea in plant stand, grain yield or protein concentrations when compared to spring-broadcast AN. In 1998-1999, fall-banded urea reduced grain yield by 13% at the site in the Brown soil. Seed-placed N was only safe for urea at 30 kg N ha-1 and for coated urea at rates up to 60 kg N ha-1. In the second experiment, urea and coated urea were broadcast in spring for comparison with AN. Coated urea was ineffective in dry years due to poor N release. Urea was equally effective as AN in this study, possibly due to the cool, dry conditions at the time of application and the relatively low surface soil pH levels at these reduced tillage sites. Further research will be required to confirm the effectiveness of this practice for this region. Key words: Ammonium nitrate, urea, coated urea, nitrogen fertilizer placement, nitrogen timing, grain protein

THE EFFECTS OF 2-CHLORO-6 (TRICHLOROMETHYL)-PYRIDINE (’N-SERVE’) AND N FERTILIZERS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF CANADIAN OILSEED RAPE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Meal Protein

’N-Serve’ has been shown to reduce losses of applied N-fertilizer and thereby increase fertilizer N-utilization by plants. This study was undertaken to test the effects of ’N-Serve’ on fertilizer N efficiency in oilseed rape production and quality. Field experiments were conducted on two chernozemic soils over 4 yr in Manitoba. The oilseed rape cultivars Tower (Brassica napus L.) and Torch (B. campestris) were used in the study. Spring and fall applied ammonium nitrate, urea and fluid-N, with and without ’N-Serve’ delayed flowering and increased the herbage yield of both oilseed rape cultivars. The number of days from full pod to maturity was increased with application of N fertilizers, but the number of days from flowering to full pod was constant. Increased herbage yield and total plant N at flowering was reflected in increased seed yield and meal protein content, but decreased oil content. ’N-Serve’ applied with and without N fertilizer reduced oil content and oil yield. However, when ’N-Serve’ was applied in the fall with urea and fluid-N it improved their efficiency, resulting in higher seed yields and meal protein content equivalent to that of spring applications. ’N-Serve’ used with fall applied ammonium nitrate or with all three sources of spring applied N had no similar effect. It is concluded that ’N-Serve’ should not be applied to oilseed rape, mainly because of its negative effect on seed oil content.Key words: Oilseed rape, ammonium nitrate, urea, fluid-N, chernozemic soil, protein, oil

scholarly journals The influence of autumn cutting on canopy structure and seed production of first-year crops of Poa pratensis L and Festuca rubra L.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J.M. Meijer ◽  
S. Vreeke
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
N Application

In field experiments in 1981-86, Poa pratensis cv. Kimono and Baron and Festuca rubra cv. Agram and Koket were undersown in companion crops of winter wheat cv. Arminda. Cuts were made immediately after wheat harvest or 4-6 weeks later. N application as autumn and spring dressings did not alter the effects of cutting. In most experiments, cutting treatments increased production of inflorescence and seed yield, mainly due to better illumination, and increased survival of the late elongating reproductive tillers. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Foliar N application at anthesis alters grain protein composition and enhances baking quality in winter wheat only under a low N fertiliser regimen

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 125909 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rossmann ◽  
P. Buchner ◽  
G.P. Savill ◽  
M.J. Hawkesford ◽  
K.A. Scherf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
N Application ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Foliar N

Influence of Phosphorus Fertilizers Application on Phosphorus use Efficiency and Grain Protein of Winter Wheat in Alkaline-Calcareous Soil, Southern Algeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Boukhalfa Deraoui ◽  
L Hanifi Mekliche ◽  
A Mekliche ◽  
H Cheloufi ◽  
S Babahani
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Single Super Phosphate

hree field experiments (2008 to 2011) were conducted to evaluate the ability of winter wheat (Triticum durum Desf. var. Carioca) to utilize and acquire soil phosphorus and nitrogen under different sources of phosphate fertilizers (Fosfactyl, Single super phosphate and Mono-ammonium-phosphate) and rates of applications (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg Pha-1) with a fixed level of nitrogen fertilization. Results revealed a significant effect of P rates on phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE); however, P sources fertilizer had non-significant effect in all three cropping seasons. PUE and NUE decreased markedly with increasing P supply that did not result in an improvement of P and N uptake. Grain protein content was significantly influenced by phosphorus fertilization in 2008-09. The best values were obtained by Single super phosphate and P rate 60 kg ha-1.

Imazamox for Winter Annual Grass Control in Imidazolinone-Tolerant Winter Wheat

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 924-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
Anthony D. White ◽  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
Craig M. Alford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Feral Rye

Field experiments were conducted at five locations in Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming to determine the effects of imazamox rate and application timing on winter annual grass control and crop response in imidazolinone-tolerant winter wheat. Imazamox at 35, 44, or 53 g ai/ha applied early-fall postemergence (EFP), late-fall postemergence, early-spring postemergence (ESP), or late-spring postemergence (LSP) controlled jointed goatgrass at least 95% in all experiments. Feral rye control with imazamox was 95 to 99%, regardless of rate or application timing at Hays, KS, in 2001. Feral rye control at Sidney, NE, and Torrington, WY, was highest (78 to 85%) with imazamox at 44 or 53 g/ha. At Sidney and Torrington, feral rye control was greatest when imazamox was applied EFP. Imazamox stunted wheat <10% in two experiments at Torrington, but EFP or LSP herbicide treatments in the Sidney experiment and ESP or LSP treatments in two Hays experiments caused moderate (12 to 34%) wheat injury. Wheat injury increased as imazamox rate increased. Wheat receiving imazamox LSP yielded less grain than wheat treated at other application timings in each Hays experiment and at Sidney in 2001. No yield differences occurred in one Torrington experiment. However, yields generally decreased as imazamox application timing was delayed in the other Torrington experiment. Generally, imazamox applied in the fall provided the greatest weed control, caused the least wheat injury, and maximized wheat yield.

Imazamox Rates, Timings, and Adjuvants Affect Imidazolinone-Tolerant Winter Wheat Cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Frihauf ◽  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
Craig M. Alford
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Early Fall

Irrigated field experiments were conducted near Torrington, WY, during the 2001 to 2002 (year 1) and 2002 to 2003 (year 2) winter wheat growing seasons to evaluate cultivar response to different imazamox rates, adjuvants, and application timings. Five cultivars were treated postemergence in the early fall (EF), late fall (LF), or early spring (ES) with imazamox at 54 or 108 g ai/ha, including either nonionic surfactant (NIS) at 0.25% or methylated seed oil (MSO) at 1% (v/v) as adjuvants. A 28% urea ammonium nitrate solution at 1% (v/v) was included with all treatments. Spring injury was more severe in year 1 than year 2. Severe spring injury on ‘AP502 CL’, ‘Above’, ‘IMI-Fidel’, ‘IMI-Jagger’, and ‘IMI-Madsen’ was linked to fall application of 108 g/ha imazamox with MSO. Imazamox applied at 108 g/ha plus MSO applied in the fall consistently injured all cultivars more than the same rate with NIS and 54 g/ha imazamox regardless of adjuvant and timing, although severity of injury in the experiments differed between EF and LF timings in years 1 and 2, respectively. Correlation analysis supports injury reduced reproductive tillers per meter of row and wheat yields and increased the number of seeds per spike in year 1. The reduction of reproductive tillers per meter of row in year 1 was likely the result of severe injury caused by 108 g/ha imazamox applied in the EF coupled with little snow cover to protect against cold winter temperatures. Wheat yield in year 1 was reduced by 108 g/ha imazamox applied in the early fall; however, imazamox applied at 54 g/ha with either adjuvant in EF, LF, or ES were safe. Yield parameters and wheat yields in year 2 were not affected by imazamox rate, adjuvant, timing, or interactions of these factors.

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