Dynamics of soil water-extractable organic C following application of dairy cattle manures

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis A Angers ◽  
Martin H Chantigny ◽  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Bernard Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Water Extractable

Water-extractable organic C (WEOC) is a determinant driver of several soil and environmental processes, and can be influenced by management practices such as organic amendment. Our objective was to study the dynamics of soil WEOC following application of liquid and solid dairy cattle manures to a loamy and a clay soil under field conditions. Manures were applied in 2 consecutive years to silage corn fields at rates equivalent to 150 kg total N ha-1. Soil WEOC was monitored the day after application and weekly or biweekly thereafter in manured and control (mineral fertilizers) plots. Liquid and solid manure S brought on average 39 and 13 g WEOC m-2, respectively. These amounts are much larger than the increases measured in soil WEOC during the hours and days following manure application (0 to 30 mg kg-1, equivalent to 0 to 3 g m-2). Moreover, manure addition had little effects in the 10- to 30-cm soil layer. The rapid and extensive adsorption of manure WEOC onto mineral surfaces likely explains the limited effects of manure on soil WEOC. This adsorption process was presumably exacerbated by the mixing of manure and soil resulting from the tillage operation. Soil temperature and respiration appeared to have determinant influence on the level of soil WEOC content in the post-harvest period. Overall, temporal variations in soil WEOC contents were large and generally greater than the fluctuations directly attributable to manure addition. Key words: Soil organic C, extractable C, dairy manure, silage corn

Corrigendum to: Conservation agriculture effects on soil properties and crop productivity in a semiarid region of India

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Somasundaram ◽  
M. Salikram ◽  
N. K. Sinha ◽  
M. Mohanty ◽  
R. S. Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Residue Retention

Conservation agriculture (CA) including reduced or no-tillage and crop residue retention, is known to be a self–sustainable system as well as an alternative to residue burning. The present study evaluated the effect of reduced tillage coupled with residue retention under different cropping systems on soil properties and crop yields in a Vertisol of a semiarid region of central India. Two tillage systems – conventional tillage (CT) with residue removed, and reduced tillage (RT) with residue retained – and six major cropping systems of this region were examined after 3 years of experimentation. Results demonstrated that soil moisture content, mean weight diameter, percent water stable aggregates (>0.25mm) for the 0–15cm soil layer were significantly (Pmoderately labile>less labile. At the 0–15cm depth, the contributions of moderately labile, less labile and non-labile C fractions to total organic C were 39.3%, 10.3% and 50.4% respectively in RT and corresponding values for CT were 38.9%, 11.7% and 49.4%. Significant differences in different C fractions were observed between RT and CT. Soil microbial biomass C concentration was significantly higher in RT than CT at 0–15cm depth. The maize–chickpea cropping system had significantly (P–1 followed by soybean+pigeon pea (2:1) intercropping (3.50 t ha–1) and soybean–wheat cropping systems (2.97 t ha–1). Thus, CA practices could be sustainable management practices for improving soil health and crop yields of rainfed Vertisols in these semiarid regions.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Management on Erosion in Mountain Vineyards (N-W Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1991
Author(s):  
Silvia Stanchi ◽  
Odoardo Zecca ◽  
Csilla Hudek ◽  
Emanuele Pintaldi ◽  
Davide Viglietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Ecosystem Services ◽  
Erosion Mitigation ◽  
Management Approaches

We studied the effects of three soil management approaches (permanent grassing, chemical weeding, and buffer strips), and the additional impact of tractor passage on soil erosion in a sloping vineyard located in the inner part of Aosta Valley (N-W Italian Alps). The vineyard rows were equipped with a sediment collection system with channels and barrel tanks. A total of 12 events with sediment production were observed across 6 years, and the collected sediments were weighted and analyzed. Average erosion rates ranged from negligible (mainly in grassed rows) to 1.1 t ha−1 per event (after weeding). The most erosive event occurred in July 2015, with a total rainfall of 32.2 mm, of which 20.1 were recorded in 1 h. Despite the limited number of erosive events observed, and the low measured erosion rates, permanent grassing reduced soil erosion considerably with respect to weeding; buffering had a comparable effect to grassing. The tractor passage, independent of the soil management approaches adopted, visibly accelerated the erosion process. The collected sediments were highly enriched in organic C, total N, and fine size fractions, indicating a potential loss of fertility over time. Despite the measured erosion rates being low over the experiment’s duration, more severe events are well documented in the recent past, and the number of intense storms is likely to increase due to climate change. Thus, the potential effects of erosion in the medium and long term need to be limited to a minimum rate of soil loss. Our experiment helped to compare soil losses by erosion under different soil management practices, including permanent grassing, i.e., a nature-based erosion mitigation measure. The results of the research can provide useful indications for planners and practitioners in similar regions, for sustainable, cross-sectoral soil management, and the enhancement of soil ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Recycling Biogas Digestate from Energy Crops: Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Roberta Pastorelli ◽  
Giuseppe Valboa ◽  
Alessandra Lagomarsino ◽  
Arturo Fabiani ◽  
Stefania Simoncini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

Digestate from biogas production can be recycled to the soil as conditioner/fertilizer improving the environmental sustainability of the energy supply chain. In a three-year maize-triticale rotation, we investigated the short-term effects of digestate on soil physical, chemical, and microbiological properties and evaluated its effectiveness in complementing the mineral fertilizers. Digestate soil treatments consisted of combined applications of the whole digestate and its mechanically separated solid fraction. Digestate increased soil total organic C, total N and K contents. Soil bulk density was not affected by treatments, while aggregate stability showed a transient improvement due to digestate treatments. A decrement of the transmission pores proportion and an increment of fissures was observed in digestate treated soils. Soil microbial community was only transiently affected by digestate treatments and no soil contamination from Clostridiaceae-related bacteria were observed. Digestate can significantly impair seed germination when applied at low dilution ratios. Crop yield under digestate treatment was similar to ordinary mineral-based fertilization. Overall, our experiment proved that the agronomic recycling of digestate from biogas production maintained a fair crop yield and soil quality. Digestate was confirmed as a valid resource for sustainable management of soil fertility under energy-crop farming, by combining a good attitude as a fertilizer with the ability to compensate for soil organic C loss.

scholarly journals Distribution and vertical stratification of carbon and nitrogen in soil under different managements in the pampean region of Argentina

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1985-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Rosa Álvarez ◽  
Alejandro Oscar Costantini ◽  
Alfredo Bono ◽  
Miguel Ángel Taboada ◽  
Flavio Hernán Gutiérrez Boem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Pools ◽  
No Till ◽  
Total Organic C

One of the expected benefits of no-tillage systems is a higher rate of soil C sequestration. However, higher C retention in soil is not always apparent when no-tillage is applied, due e.g., to substantial differences in soil type and initial C content. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of no-tillage management to increase the stock of total organic C in soils of the Pampas region in Argentina. Forty crop fields under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems and seven undisturbed soils were sampled. Total organic C, total N, their fractions and stratification ratios and the C storage capacity of the soils under different managements were assessed in samples to a depth of 30 cm, in three layers (0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm). The differences between the C pools of the undisturbed and cultivated soils were significant (p < 0.05) and most pronounced in the top (0-5 cm) soil layer, with more active C near the soil surface (undisturbed > no-tillage > conventional tillage). Based on the stratification ratio of the labile C pool (0-5/5-15 cm), the untilled were separated from conventionally tilled areas. Much of the variation in potentially mineralizable C was explained by this active C fraction (R² = 0.61) and by total organic C (R² = 0.67). No-till soils did not accumulate more organic C than conventionally tilled soils in the 0-30 cm layer, but there was substantial stratification of total and active C pools at no till sites. If the C stratification ratio is really an indicator of soil quality, then the C storage potential of no-tillage would be greater than in conventional tillage, at least in the surface layers. Particulate organic C and potentially mineralizable C may be useful to evaluate variations in topsoil organic matter.

Characterization of several on-farm and industrial composted materials

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Gagnon ◽  
Robert Robitaille ◽  
Régis R. Simard
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
On Farm

Manure management and composting methods may greatly affect compost characteristics. An experiment was conducted to characterize 23 on-farm and 6 industrial composts in Québec (Canada). Cluster analysis identified two major groups characterized by their chemical composition, source materials, management intensity and degree of decomposition. Electrical conductivity, total N and K, water-soluble NH4+, PO4, K, Al and organic C, and a cress test were the best chemical and biological parameters for grouping composts. These groups were strongly associated with bedding rate, turning frequency, composting duration, profile windrow appearance, material aggregation and odor. When restricted to dairy manure composts, no clear relationship could be established by cluster analysis between material grouping and their farm management. Statistical analysis on single chemical parameters of dairy manure composts, however, identified five farm management factors: type and amount of bedding, system of manure handling and storage, compost windrow turning, composting length and milk production intensity. These factors affected one or several major parameters: pH, dry matter, electrical conductivity, total and water-soluble C, N, P and K, and humic components characteristics. This study demonstrated the importance of leaching losses in the on-farm composting operations in humid cold regions and the need for more environmentally sustainable composting methods. Key words: Farm manure management, composting, chemical composition

EPIC estimates of soil water, nitrogen and carbon under semiarid temperate conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Roloff ◽  
R. de jong ◽  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
V. M. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Support Tool

The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model is an important support tool for environmental management. Previous tests of the model have determined that it is suitable for long-term yield estimation, but it is less precise in assessing annual yield variability. To determine the reasons for the discrepancies between estimated and measured yields, we tested the ability of EPIC version 5300 to predict soil water and soil nitrogen dynamics, using data from a long-term spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation experiment in the semiarid prairie region of Canada. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimates varied among methods tested: Priestley-Taylor and Penman-Monteith methods resulted in PET means that were about twice those obtained with the Hargreaves and Baier-Robertson methods. The higher PET means were associated with an excessive estimation of net radiation. We used the Baier-Robertson method to generate the other estimates reported herein. EPIC generally overestimated total soil water, but it still allowed clear differentiation among rotation phases and times of the year, and provided adequate estimates of water during the critical shot-blade stage. Water estimates by soil layer were also generally overpredicted, especially at depths from 0.15 to 0.60 m, but we were able to differentiate among rotation phases and times of the year. Precision of these latter estimates was generally low, accounting at most for 27% of the variability, and varied by soil layer, rotation phase and time of the year. Nitrate-N estimates tended to be lower than measured values, especially at depths below 0.3 m and during vegetative growth phases. However, the estimates also allowed us to distinguish among the rotation phases and times of the year. Total N and organic C were satisfactorily estimated by EPIC. In general, EPIC provided adequate long-term estimates of the environmental quality indicators tested. Key words: Environmental quality, environmental modelling, sustainability, spring wheat, fallow, potential evapotranspiration methods

Long-term effects of tillage, stubble, and nitrogen management on properties of a red-brown earth

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Fettell ◽  
HS Gill
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
N Management

Differences in soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and pH resulting from 14 and 15 years of different tillage, stubble, and fertiliser N management practices were measured for a red-brown earth at Condobolin in western New South Wales. The 5 main treatments comprised stubble burning or retention in factorial combination with cultivation and direct drilling, and stubble incorporation combined with cultivation. Two rates of N fertiliser (0 and 40 or 50 kg/ha) were applied annually, and wheat was grown each year. There were no significant differences between tillage and stubble treatments for soil organic C, total N, or pH. Fertiliser N application caused small but significant increases in organic C and total N but decreased the pH of the surface 2.5 cm of soil by 0.4-0.5 units compared with the nil fertiliser rate. The study indicates that direct drilling and stubble retention with continuous wheat have had little long-term effect on soil organic C and total N in this low rainfall environment.

scholarly journals Influence of Pinus pinaster age on aluminium fractions in acidic soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Eimil-Fraga ◽  
Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro ◽  
María José Fernández-Sanjurjo ◽  
Esperanza Álvarez-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Plantation Age

The influence of plantation age on the chemical properties of acidic soils was studied in 16 plots in adult <em>Pinus pinaster</em> stands established in Galicia (NW Spain). The Al fractions in the soil solid phase and the total Al in soil solution were determined in the upper soil layer (0-20 cm) and the lower soil layer (20-40 cm) in each plot. The pH, total C and N, exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Al and Al saturation (% Al) were determined in the solid fraction. Aluminium was extracted from the solid phase with the following solutions: ammonium oxalate (Al<sub>o</sub>), sodium pyrophosphate (Al<sub>p</sub>), copper chloride (Al<sub>cu</sub>) and ammonium chloride (Al<sub>NH4</sub>). The total Al in the liquid phase was also determined. All soil chemical parameters, except total N, C/N ratio and % Al, were significantly influenced by soil depth. The mean pH was lower in the upper than in the lower layer (4.57 vs. 4.97), but the opposite was observed for the organic C (77.2 vs. 50.4 g kg<sup>-1</sup>), the effective cation exchange capacity (eCEC) (9.43 vs. 6.25 cmol<sub>(+)</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup>), P (8.95 vs. 4.65 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>) and the exchangeable cations. Organic matter, total N and eCEC were significantly and positively correlated with plantation age (r = 0.69 in the upper layer and r = 0.82 in the lower layer, p &lt; 0.01; r = 0.62, p &lt; 0.05 in the upper layer and r = 0.78, p &lt; 0.01 in the lower layer; r = 0.77, p &lt; 0.01 in the upper layer and r = 0.85, p &lt; 0.0001 in the lower layer, respectively), and pH<sub>KCl</sub> was negatively correlated with plantation age (r = -0.55 in the upper soil layer and r = -0.61 in the lower soil layer, p &lt; 0.05). The concentrations of the different Al forms in all soils decreased in the order Al<sub>p </sub>&gt; Al<sub>o </sub>&gt; Al<sub>cu </sub>&gt; Al<sub>NH4</sub>. Highly stable organo-aluminium complexes (Al<sub>p-cu</sub>) predominated over moderate and low stability complexes (Al<sub>cu</sub>) in all soil plots. The highly stable organo-Al complexes were significantly more abundant in the lower layer, whereas the opposite was observed for the exchangeable Al and the total Al in soil solution. The concentrations of all Al forms (except Al<sub>p-cu</sub>) were significantly and positively correlated with plantation age (Al<sub>o</sub> r = 0.50, p &lt; 0.05 for the upper layer and r = 0.67, p &lt; 0.01 for the lower layer; Al<sub>p</sub> r = 0.64, p &lt; 0.01 for the lower layer; Al<sub>cu </sub>r = 0.84 for the upper layer and r = 0.83 for the lower layer, p &lt; 0.0001; Al<sub>cu-NH4</sub> r = 0.65 for the upper layer and r = 0.78 for the lower layer, p &lt; 0.01; Al<sub>NH4</sub> r = 0.76, p &lt; 0.01 for the upper layer and r = 0.84, p &lt; 0.0001 for the lower layer; total Al in soil solution r = 0.61 for the upper layer and r = 0.60 for the lower layer, p &lt; 0.05). Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that plantation age, pH and total C explained between 67% and 93% of the variance in the Al forms. In all regression models, plantation age was a significant predictor variable for the different Al fractions, except total soluble Al, which is an important variable to consider in the study of chemical properties in forest soils.

Comparison of legume-based cropping systems at Warra, Queensland. 1. Soil nitrogen and organic carbon accretion and potentially mineralisable nitrogen

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Hossain ◽  
RC Dalal ◽  
SA Waring ◽  
WM Strong ◽  
EJ Weston
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Organic C

Effects on soil nitrogen accretion and potentially mineralisable nitrogen were studied as part of a long-term field experiment established in 1986 to test alternative legume-based systems for restoring fertility in a Vertisol. Organic C accretion was also measured to ascertain the changes in organic matter content. The systems, which were studied only during 1989 and 1990, were a grass+legume ley (purple pigeon grass, Rhodes grass, lucerne, annual medics) of 4 years duration followed by wheat; a 2-year rotation of wheat (lucerne undersown) and lucerne; a 2-year rotation of wheat (medic undersown) and medic; a 2-year rotation of chickpea and wheat; and continuous wheat as control. Soil total N and organic C significantly increased in the 0–10 cm soil layer only under the grass+legume ley. There was no significant change in the soil C/N ratio. Plant residues contained from 52 to 104 kg N/ha in 1990 at the end of the legume phase, with high values for root N in the grass+legume ley. A comparison of N accretion versus fixation at the end of the legume-based systems in 1990 showed that net accumulation of N exceeded fixation in soil under lucerne and grass+legume leys; in the latter, net accumulation of 779 kg N/ha over 3.75 years was measured compared with 384 kg N/ha for N2 fixation. Part of the accumulation of N may have been due to uptake of NH4-N from the deep subsoil. Although values for soil mineral N (0–120 cm) were low at the end of all the legume-based systems, a deep subsoil (120–300 cm) accumulation of NH4-N was found in all treatments. The nitrogen mineralisation potentials (No) for 0–10 cm depth samples taken at the end of the legume phase in 1989 were higher in all the legume-based systems (105–182 mg N/kg) than the wheat control (57 mg N/kg). The rapid biological tests of N availability, both waterlogged and aerobic incubation, were more sensitive to treatment differences than No, in the surface and subsoil (range 12–78 mg N/kg for 0–10 cm soil for the waterlogged procedure). The rapid chemical tests, hot KCl extraction and the autoclave index, showed small treatment effects and did not appear to be useful availability indices. The pasture management (graced v. mown and removed) had no significant effect on total N, organic C and N availability indices in this alkaline Vertisol during the study period.

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