Agri-environmental models using Mehlich-III soil phospho rus saturation index for corn in Quebec

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Pellerin ◽  
Léon -Étienne Parent ◽  
Catherine Tremblay ◽  
Josée Fortin ◽  
Gilles Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Environmental Models ◽  
Requirement Models

Soil phosphorus (P), which is potentially a risk for environmental contamination, is currently interpreted using soil P saturation in North America. Our objective was to assess the ratio of P to aluminum (Al) in the Mehlich-III (M-III) soil test to build P requirement models for corn and soybean. We analyzed 129 corn and 19 soybean P fertilizer trials. For corn, the (P/Al)M-III ratio improved soil fertility classification compared with PM-III alone. The critical PM-III value as determined by the Cate-Nelson procedure was found to be 31.5 mg PM-III kg-1, close to published values. The critical (P/Al)M-III ratios of 0.025 for > 300 g clay kg-1 soils and 0.040 for ≤ 300 g clay kg-1 soils differed significantly between the two soil groups. For (P/Al)M-III ratios above 0.214, there was no positive response to added P for all soils regardless of texture. Using published critical environmental (P/Al)M-III ratios of 0.076 for > 300 g clay kg-1soils and 0.131 for ≤ 300 g clay kg-1 soils as benchmarks values, agri-environmental P requirement models were built using conditional expectations of 50 to 80% of computed optimum P values within a soil class. A validation study supported the low critical (P/Al)M-III ratios and the 50% conditional expectation model except for a high carbon soil which was outside the application range of the models. However, banded P decreased corn yield at four validation sites although the model predicted positive response to P. Soybean did not respond to P except at extremely low fertility levels ((P/Al)M-III ≤ 0.02) and behaved as a P-mining crop even in low-P soils. Corn-soybean rotations can reduce soil P to low (P/Al)M-III ratios with minimal agronomic risk. Key words: Soil phosphorus saturation, Mehlich-III soil extraction method, soil fertility classification, soil texture, fertilizer P requirement model, corn, soybean

Soil phosphorus saturation degree: Review of some indices and their suitability for P management in Québec, Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Beauchemin ◽  
R. R. Simard
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Saturation Degree ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Phosphorus Saturation ◽  
Soil Groups

Many agricultural fields contain excessive labile soil P in regard to crop needs. Its environmental fate must be assessed. The concept of P saturation degree is meaningful as it describes the portion of the soil binding sites already covered with P, and indicates the potential desorbability of soil P. The first objective of this study was to review different indices that have been proposed to estimate the degree of soil P saturation and the relationships between soil P saturation degree and P solubility. The second objective is to discuss their suitability as environmental indicators for P management in the province of Québec, Canada. In the Netherlands, the P saturation index is defined as the ratio of P to Al + Fe contents extracted by ammonium oxalate [Pox/( Alox + Feox ) or ( Pox/0.5( Alox + Feox )]. This approach has been mainly used with non-calcareous soils. In Québec, the ratio of Mehlich-III extractable P to Al (M3P/AlM3) is proposed as an alternative, which relies on routine laboratory test. However, the suitability of the M3P/AlM3 ratio has yet to be determined for some specific soil groups (e.g. gleyed soils, soils with Alox content >6 g kg−1) and for subsoil horizons. Regardless of the chosen index, it is suggested that the best way to manage the risk of water contamination by P in Québec (namely, defining critical levels of soil P saturation) may be to form homogeneous soil groups to account for their distinctive behaviour and characteristics. Key words: Phosphorus, saturation, management

scholarly journals PENGUNAAN ENDAPAN AIR GAMBUT SEBAGAI AMELIORAN ALTERNATIF TERHADAP BEBERAPA SIFAT KIMIA ULTISOL DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG SEMI (Zea mays L )

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Teguh Budi Prasetyo ◽  
Husnita Husnita ◽  
Irwan Darfis
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Exchangeable Al

The main problems of Ultisols are high Al concentration, low pH, low cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), and low fertility.  The objectives of this reasearch were to study the effect of peat water deposit to some chemical properties of Ultisols and to determine the optimal level of peat water deposit for optimum corn yield.  The experimental design was the complete randomized design that consisted of 5 levels of peat water deposit (0, 800, 1600, 2400, and 3200 kg/ha).  The results showed that the application of peat water deposit could reduce exchangeable Al, increase CEC and soil P concentration, P-uptake, and corn yield.  The highest corn yield was obtained at application of 3200 kg peat water deposit /ha.Key Words : Ultisols, peat water precipitation, soil chemical characteristics, corn

scholarly journals Spatial Variability of Soil Phosphorus Indices under Two Contrasting Grassland Fields in Eastern Canada

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Jeff D. Nze Memiaghe ◽  
Athyna N. Cambouris ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Antoine Karam ◽  
Isabelle Perron
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Permanent Pasture

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for grassland production systems. However, continuous applications of P fertilizers result in soil P accumulations, increasing the risk of P losses in runoff and erosion. This study aims to investigate the field-scale variability of soil-test P (STP) in two contrasting grassland fields using descriptive statistics and geostatistics for accurate recommendations on soil sampling strategy and sustainable approaches to P management. A young grassland (YG; 2 years) and an old grassland (OG; 10 years under permanent pasture) were classified as humo-ferric podzol and received organic fertilizers. Soil samples were collected in 16-m by 16-m triangular grids at two depths (0–5 and 5–20 cm). They were analyzed for available P and other soil elements extracted using the Mehlich-3 method (M3). The agri-environmental P saturation index (P/Al)M3 was calculated. Phosphorus accumulation was observed in OG (0–5 cm) as a result of long-term manure applications. Repeated applications of organic fertilizers can impact the long-term buildup of soil P, thus decreasing soil P va-riability and spatial dependence in permanent grasslands. A soil sampling strategy focusing on the 0–5 cm layer should be retained in permanent grasslands for sustainable P recommendations in Eastern Canada.

scholarly journals SELECTION FOR YIELD AT TWO FERTILIZER LEVELS IN SMALL-SEEDED COMMON BEAN

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHREE P. SINGH ◽  
CARLOS A. URREA ◽  
J. ARIEL GUTIERREZ ◽  
JAMES GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For

Selection for seed yield (visual in the F2, visual and plot yield from the F3 to F5, and yield tests in F6) was carried out in two crosses of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in high and low soil fertility environments at CIAT-Quilichao, Colombia. Parents were small-seeded and tolerant to low soil phosphorus, possessed indeterminate bush growth habit, and belonged to lowland tropical gene pools of Middle America. The mean yield of selected lines from low (LFS) and high (HFS) soil fertility environments was significantly higher than the mean of the parents in both crosses when tested in high fertility (HF) but not in low fertility (LF). The highest yielding LFS and HFS lines from A 286 × (G 5059 × A 80) and the LFS line from A 286 × ICA Pijao outyielded the best check cultivar, Carioca, in HF. No line yielded significantly more than A 286, the best parent used in both crosses. The mean effect of fertilizer levels on selection for seed yield was nonsignificant. Lines selected under two environments showed similar but average response and high stability of performance under variable environments. Low soil fertility accelerated maturity and reduced 100-seed weight and seed yield.Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, bean (small-seeded common), selection for yield, soil fertility, Middle American gene pools, regression coefficient

Improved Plant Diversity as a Strategy to Increase Available Soil Phosphorus

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Crusciol ◽  
João Rigon ◽  
Juliano Calonego ◽  
Rogério Soratto
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Residue Decomposition

Some crop species could be used inside a cropping system as part of a strategy to increase soil P availability due to their capacity to recycle P and shift the equilibrium between soil P fractions to benefit the main crop. The release of P by crop residue decomposition, and mobilization and uptake of otherwise recalcitrant P are important mechanisms capable of increasing P availability and crop yields.

scholarly journals Roles of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms from Managing Soil Phosphorus Deficiency to Mediating Biogeochemical P Cycle

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Jiang Tian ◽  
Fei Ge ◽  
Dayi Zhang ◽  
Songqiang Deng ◽  
Xingwang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Cycle

Phosphorus (P) is a vital element in biological molecules, and one of the main limiting elements for biomass production as plant-available P represents only a small fraction of total soil P. Increasing global food demand and modern agricultural consumption of P fertilizers could lead to excessive inputs of inorganic P in intensively managed croplands, consequently rising P losses and ongoing eutrophication of surface waters. Despite phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) are widely accepted as eco-friendly P fertilizers for increasing agricultural productivity, a comprehensive and deeper understanding of the role of PSMs in P geochemical processes for managing P deficiency has received inadequate attention. In this review, we summarize the basic P forms and their geochemical and biological cycles in soil systems, how PSMs mediate soil P biogeochemical cycles, and the metabolic and enzymatic mechanisms behind these processes. We also highlight the important roles of PSMs in the biogeochemical P cycle and provide perspectives on several environmental issues to prioritize in future PSM applications.

Molecular Speciation of Phosphorus in Soil Under Various Long-Term Fertilization Regimes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Qiuxiang Wen ◽  
Shiyu Zhang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Jinfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
N Fertilizers

Abstract Aims The objectives of this study were to examine the long-term substitution of mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers with manure (M) plus nitrogen (N) fertilizers and how they affect the forms of P that occur in soil, soil P distribution, and plant growth.Methods We used a solution of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between long-term fertilization regimes and the forms of P that occur at different soil depths. Then we investigated yield, plant growth, and soil properties.Results A 40-year field experiment showed that the use of M + N fertilizers can significantly improve plant growth and yield. The proportion of organic P in the 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly increased by long-term M fertilization. The concentrations of various forms of P (orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, diesters, monoesters, and total inositol hexakisphosphate, IHP) in topsoil increased significantly with the combination of M with N + P mineral fertilization. The addition of M greatly increased the stereoisomers of IHP (myo-IHP, scyllo-IHP, neo-IHP, and D-chiro-IHP) and the proportion and concentration of corrected diesters. There were no significant differences in the pyrophosphate contents of the 40-60 cm soil layer according to fertilization type and year of fertilization. There were also no significant differences in IHP stereoisomers and diesters according to fertilization year. The P forms that contributed to corn yield were orthophosphate, diester, and IHP. Further, pyrophosphate made no significant contribution to corn growth. Conclusions Over the long-term, pig manure can significantly increase the amount of orthophosphate that is directly absorbed by crops and the amount of IHP stereoisomers that can be used by plants. Orthophosphate and IHP are the two key factors that have a positive effect on plant growth.

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus availability and soybean response to phosphorus starter fertilizer

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem ◽  
Alexandre Merlin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Surface Spread ◽  
P Sources

Phosphorus fixation in tropical soils may decrease under no-till. In this case, P fertilizer could be surface-spread, which would improve farm operations by decreasing the time spend in reloading the planter with fertilizers. In the long term, less soluble P sources could be viable. In this experiment, the effect of surface-broadcast P fertilization with both soluble and reactive phosphates on soil P forms and availability to soybean was studied with or without fertilization with soluble P in the planting furrow in a long-term experiment in which soybean was grown in rotation with Ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis). No P or 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the form of triple superphosphate or Arad reactive rock phosphate was applied on the surface of a soil with variable P fertilization history. Soil samples were taken to a depth of 60 cm and soil P was fractionated. Soybean was grown with 0, 30, and 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the form of triple phosphate applied in the seed furrow. Both fertilizers applied increased available P in the uppermost soil layers and the moderately labile organic and inorganic forms of P in the soil profile, probably as result of root decay. Soybean responded to phosphates applied on the soil surface or in the seed furrow; however, application of soluble P in the seed furrow should not be discarded. In tropical soils with a history of P fertilization, soluble P sources may be substituted for natural reactive phosphates broadcast on the surface. The planting operation may be facilitated through reduction in the rate of P applied in the planting furrow in relation to the rates currently applied.

scholarly journals The length of the dry season may be associated with leaf scleromorphism in cerrado plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1691-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO C. SOUZA ◽  
AUGUSTO C. FRANCO ◽  
MUNDAYATAN HARIDASAN ◽  
DAVI R. ROSSATTO ◽  
JANAÍNA F. DE ARAÚJO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Core Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Central Brazil

Despite limitations of low fertility and high acidity of the soils, the cerrado flora is the richest amongst savannas. Many cerrado woody species show sclerophyllous leaves, which might be related to the availability of water and nutrients in the soil. To better understand the function and structure of cerrado vegetation within its own variations, we compared two cerrado communities: one in its core region in central Brazil (Brasília, DF) and the other on its southern periphery (Itirapina, SP). We contrasted the length of the dry season, soil fertility rates, leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg and the specific leaf area (SLA) between these communities. The dry season was shorter on the periphery, where the soil was more fertile although more acidic. Plants from the periphery showed higher SLA and higher leaf concentrations of N, P, Ca and Mg. We propose that the higher SLA of plants from the periphery is related to the shorter dry season, which allows better conditions for nutrient uptake.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal dynamics of soil phosphorus and crop uptake in global cropland during the 20th century

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2055-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Arthur H. W. Beusen ◽  
Dirk F. Van Apeldoorn ◽  
José M. Mogollón ◽  
Chaoqing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Explicit Model ◽  
Spatially Explicit Model ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Crop Uptake

Abstract. Phosphorus (P) plays a vital role in global crop production and food security. In this study, we investigate the changes in soil P pool inventories calibrated from historical countrywide crop P uptake, using a 0.5-by-0.5° spatially explicit model for the period 1900–2010. Globally, the total P pool per hectare increased rapidly between 1900 and 2010 in soils of Europe (+31 %), South America (+2 %), North America (+15 %), Asia (+17 %), and Oceania (+17 %), while it has been stable in Africa. Simulated crop P uptake is influenced by both soil properties (available P and the P retention potential) and crop characteristics (maximum uptake). Until 1950, P fertilizer application had a negligible influence on crop uptake, but recently it has become a driving factor for food production in industrialized countries and a number of transition countries like Brazil, Korea, and China. This comprehensive and spatially explicit model can be used to assess how long surplus P fertilization is needed or how long depletions of built-up surplus P can continue without affecting crop yield.

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