Efficiency of fall-banded urea for spring wheat production in Manitoba: Influence of application date, landscape position and fertilizer additives

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. D. Tiessen ◽  
D. N. Flaten ◽  
C. A. Grant ◽  
R. E. Karamanos ◽  
M. H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Application Date ◽  
Early Fall

A 2-yr study was conducted to investigate the effects of application date, landscape position and a urease and nitrification inhibited formulation of urea on the efficiency of fall-banded N fertilizer under Manitoba conditions. To date, no studies have investigated how these factors interact to influence the efficiency of fall-banded N in western Canada. The effects of landscape position were apparent at three of the four sites, with significantly greater grain yields, straw yields and total recovery of N in the high landscape positions than in the low landscape positions. In the high landscape positions, there were no significant differences in crop response or recovered N among application dates in the fall and spring. However, in the low landscape positions, grain yields, grain yield increases and apparent recovered fertilizer N in the aboveground portion of the crop and in the soil (0–120 cm) were significantly greater for spring and late fall applications, when compared with early and mid-fall applications. At one site in the first year of the study, early fall-banded N with the urease and nitrification inhibitors produced greater increases in grain yield than early fall-banded N without the inhibitors in the low landscape positions. However, overall there was little agronomic benefit to the use of the additives, as there were few significant differences in crop yields or N uptake by the crop with the inhibitors than without, in either year or landscape position. The results demonstrate that selection of suitable timing for application of fertilizer N to optimize crop yields is much more critical for poorly drained areas within a field, or for poorly drained fields, than for better drained land. Key words: Fall-banded N, spring-banded N, landscape position, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), Dicyandiamide (DCD), wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Performance of nitrate compared with urea fertilizer in a semiarid climate of the northern Great Plains

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-355
Author(s):  
Richard E. Engel ◽  
Carlos M. Romero ◽  
Patrick Carr ◽  
Jessica A. Torrion
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Semiarid Regions

Fertilizer NO3-N may represent a benefit over NH4-N containing sources in semiarid regions where rainfall is often not sufficient to leach fertilizer-N out of crop rooting zones, denitrification concerns are not great, and when NH3 volatilization concerns exist. The objective of our study was to contrast plant-N derived from fertilizer-15N (15Ndff), fertilizer-15N recovery (F15NR), total N uptake, grain yield, and protein of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from spring-applied NaNO3 relative to urea and urea augmented with urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). We established six fertilizer-N field trials widespread within the state of Montana between 2012 and 2017. The trials incorporated different experimental designs and 15N-labeled fertilizer-N sources, including NaNO3, NH4NO3, urea, and urea + NBPT. Overall, F15NR and 15Ndff in mature crop biomass were significantly greater for NaNO3 than urea or urea + NBPT (P < 0.05). Crop 15Ndff averaged 53.8%, 43.9%, and 44.7% across locations for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Likewise, crop F15NR averaged 52.2%, 35.8%, and 38.6% for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Soil 15N recovered in the surface layer (0–15 cm) was lower for NaNO3 compared with urea and urea + NBPT. Wheat grain yield and protein were generally not sensitive to improvements in 15Ndff, F15NR, or total N uptake. Our study hypothesis that NaNO3 would result in similar or better performance than urea or urea + NBPT was confirmed. Use of NO3-N fertilizer might be an alternative strategy to mitigate fertilizer-N induced soil acidity in semiarid regions of the northern Great Plains.

Effect of seed rate and application of N fertilizer on grain yield and N uptake of rice under intermediate deepwater conditions (15–50 cm)

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Reddy ◽  
B. C. Ghosh ◽  
M. M. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Intermediate Deepwater ◽  
Panicle Weight ◽  
Tiller Mortality

SUMMARYIn an intermediate deepwater (15–50 cm) situation, the number of tillers increased with increase of nitrogen fertilizer from 0 to 40 and 80 kg/ha and of seed rate from 100 to 200, 300 and 400 seeds/m2. The tiller mortality due to higher water depth was higher under no-N treatment and under higher seed rates. The number of panicles and grain yield increased significantly with increase in N. Similarly, an increase in the seed rate increased the number of panicles and decreased the number of grains per panicle and panicle weight. The grain yields of the different seed rates were similar. The interaction between N levels and seed rates was not significant.

Results from factorial experiments testing amounts and times of granular N-fertilizer, late sprays of liquid N-fertilizer and fungicides to control mildew and brown rust on two varieties of spring barley at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1975–8

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
J. F. Jenkyn ◽  
A. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Factorial Combination ◽  
Average Rainfall

SUMMARYExperiments with spring barley at Saxmundham, in each year from 1975 to 1978, compared two varieties (Julia v Wing), two amounts of granular N-fertilizer (50 v 100kg N/ha) and two times of applying it (seed bed v top-dressing), a liquid N-fertilizer spray (0 v 50 kg N/ha), mildew fungicides (with and without) and a rust fungicide (with and without), in factorial combination (26).Leaf diseases were assessed and grain weighed and analysed for % N each year. Thousand-grain weights were measured in 1977 and 1978.Yields were small in 1975 and 1976 because little rain fell in summer, but larger in 1977 and 1978, years with average rainfall.Mildew was most severe in 1975 and least in 1978, brown rust most severe in 1975 and 1978 and practically absent in 1976. Granular N-fertilizer was best applied to the seed bed in all years, whether or not leaf diseases were controlled. Late sprays of liquid N-fertilizer increased yield less than equivalent amounts of seed-bed N, but increased % N in grain more. However, because they also decreased grain size, less of the N applied as a liquid was recovered by grain than was recovered from granules given earlier. The mildew fungicides increased yields by ca. 0·25 t/ha in 1975 and 1977, but decreased them in 1976. They had little or no effect on % N in grain, but increased grain size in 1977. The rust fungicide, benodanil, increased grain yields each year and especially in 1978 (0·37 t/ha). It had no effect on grain % N, but consistently increased grain size and so enhanced grain yield and N uptake.

scholarly journals Physiological and Agronomic Strategies to Increase Mungbean Yield in Climatically Variable Environments of Northern Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashvir S. Chauhan ◽  
Rex Williams
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Variable Environments

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in Australia has been transformed from a niche opportunistic crop into a major summer cropping option for dryland growers in the summer-dominant rainfall regions of Queensland and New South Wales. This transformation followed stepwise genetic improvements in both grain yields and disease resistance. For example, more recent cultivars such as &lsquo;Crystal&rsquo;, &lsquo;Satin II&rsquo; and &lsquo;Jade-AU&lsquo; &nbsp;have provided up to a 20% yield advantage over initial introductions. Improved agronomic management to enable mechanised management and cultivation in narrow (&lt;50 cm) rows has further promised to increase yields. Nevertheless, average yields achieved by growers for their mungbean crops remain less than 1 t/ha, and are much more variable than other broad acre crops. &nbsp;Further increases in yield and crop resilience in mungbean are vital. In this review, opportunities to improve mungbean have been analysed at four key levels including phenology, leaf area development, dry matter accumulation and its partitioning into grain yield. Improving the prediction of phenology in mungbean may provide further scope for genetic improvements that better match crop duration to the characteristics of target environments. There is also scope to improve grain yields by increasing dry matter production through the development of more efficient leaf canopies. This may introduce additional production risks as dry matter production depends on the amount of available water, which varies considerably within and across growing regions in Australia. Improving crop yields by exploiting photo-thermal sensitivities to increase dry matter is likely a less risky strategy for these variable environments. Improved characterisation of growing environments using modelling approaches could also better define and identify the risks of major abiotic constraints. This would assist in optimising breeding and management strategies to increase grain yield and crop resilience in mungbean for the benefit of growers and industry.

Advances in the understanding of nitrogen (N) uptake by plant roots

2021 ◽  
pp. 303-320
Author(s):  
Malcolm J. Hawkesford ◽  
◽  
William R. Whalley ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Root Architecture ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Crop Root

Efficient use of nitrogen (N) by plants and particularly crops, is of global importance. In agriculture, high crop yields and protein content depend upon extensive N-inputs, however fertilizer N is costly to the farmer, and overuse can be damaging to the environment. A critical component of optimised usage is efficient capture by crop root systems. This chapter focusses on principal mechanisms of uptake and factors influencing efficiency. Genetic variation in root architecture and in an array of transporters known to be involved in nitrogen capture is detailed. The impacts of abiotic stress factors such as soil structure are described. Finally prospects and opportunities for crop improvement are discussed.

scholarly journals Agronomic responses of grain sorghum to DMPP-treated urea on contrasting soil types in north-eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Lester ◽  
Michael J. Bell ◽  
Kerry L. Bell ◽  
Massimiliano De Antoni Migliorati ◽  
Clemens Scheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Available N ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern

Grain sorghum grown in north-eastern Australia’s cropping region increasingly requires nitrogen (N) fertiliser to supplement the soil available N supply. The rates of N required can be high when fallows between crop seasons are short (higher cropping intensities) and when yield potentials are high. Fertiliser N is typically applied before or at crop sowing and is vulnerable to environmental loss in the period between application and significant crop N demand due to potentially intense rainfall events in the summer-dominant rainfall environment. Nitrification inhibitors added to urea can reduce certain gaseous loss pathways but the agronomic efficacy of these products has not been explored. Urea and urea coated with the nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) were compared in sorghum crops grown at five research sites over consecutive summer sorghum growing seasons in south-east Queensland. Products were compared in terms of crop responses in dry matter, N uptake and grain yield, with DMPP found to produce only subtle increases on grain yield. There was no effect on dry matter or N uptake. Outcomes suggest any advantages from use of DMPP in this region are most significant in situations where higher fertiliser application rates (>80kgN/ha) are required.

Nitrogen rate and timing effects on growth and yield of drill-sown rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Dunn ◽  
T. S. Dunn ◽  
B. A. Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Impact

Eight rice experiments were established at two sites in the Riverina district of south-eastern Australia in the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons. Two semi-dwarf rice varieties were drill-sown and nitrogen (N) fertiliser (urea) was applied at different rates at the 4-leaf stage before permanent water (pre-PW) and at panicle initiation (PI). The research assessed the impact of timing of N application on grain yield, compared the apparent N recovery of N fertiliser applied at the two stages, and determined an application strategy for N to obtain consistently high grain yields for current, semi-dwarf rice varieties when drill-sown. The apparent N recoveries achieved were 59% for N applied pre-PW and 25% for N applied at PI, averaged across years, sites, varieties and N rates. Grain yield increased significantly with increased rate of N applied at both stages, but the rate of increase from N applied at PI decreased as the rate of N applied pre-PW increased. The grain yield increase for N applied pre-PW was due to increased number of panicles at maturity and increased number of florets per panicle. Nitrogen applied at PI increased dry matter at maturity and number of florets per panicle. Application of N at PI increased grain yield over that when no N was applied; however, at low PI N-uptake levels, application of N at PI is not enough to achieve high grain yields. Therefore, sufficient N should be available to the crop from a combination of soil- and pre-PW-applied N for the crop to reach a level of N uptake at PI whereby high yields can be achieved. Nitrogen applied at PI did not appear to increase the potential for cold-induced floret sterility as much as pre-PW-applied N. Further research is required to confirm this in other seasons and for other rice varieties.

scholarly journals Improving wheat grain yield via promotion of water and nitrogen utilization in arid areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Tan ◽  
Qiang Chai ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Cai Zhao ◽  
Aizhong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Local Practice ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
N Rates

AbstractCrop yield is limited by water and nitrogen (N) availability. However, in Hexi Corridor of northwestern China, water scarcity and excessive fertilizer N in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production causes serious conflicts between water and N supply and crop demand. A field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018 to evaluate whether reducing of irrigation and fertilizer N will reduce grain yield of wheat. There were two irrigation quotas (192 and 240 mm) and three fertilizer N rates (135, 180, and 225 kg N ha−1). The results showed that reducing irrigation to 192 mm and N rate to 180 kg N ha−1 reduced water uptake, water uptake efficiency, and N uptake of spring wheat as compared to local practice (i.e., 240 mm irrigation and 225 kg N ha−1 fertilizer). Whereas, it improved water and N utilization efficiency, and water and N productivity. Consequently, the irrigation and N rate reduced treatment achieved the same quantity of grain yield as local practice. The path analysis showed that interaction effect between irrigation and N fertilization may attributable to the improvement of grain yield with lower irrigation and N rate. The enhanced water and N utilization allows us to conclude that irrigation quota at 192 mm coupled with fertilizer N rate at 180 kg N ha−1 can be used as an efficient practice for wheat production in arid irrigation areas.

scholarly journals Mechanisms Underlying Nutrient Interaction of Compost and Mineral Fertilizer Application in Maize (Zea mays L.) Cropping System in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicta Essel ◽  
Robert Clement Abaidoo ◽  
Andrews Opoku ◽  
Nana Ewusi-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Mechanisms underlying interactive effects of nutrient inputs on crop yields are poorly understood especially throughout sub-Saharan Africa. This research thus sought to evaluate the possible mechanisms causing the interaction effects from compost and mineral fertilizer and quantify the relative contribution(s) of the mechanisms to added benefits in grain yield. The research involved a 3-year field experiment followed by a greenhouse incubation study. Both field and incubation experiments were 5 × 5 factorial arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design and Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications, respectively. The factors considered were five levels of mineral fertilizer (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of 90:60:70 kg ha−1 N:P2O5:K2O) and compost (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of 5 Mg ha−1 compost). The mechanisms evaluated were nutrient synchrony, priming, general soil fertility improvement (GFI), and balanced ratio of nutrients. The conjoint application of compost and mineral fertilizer significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced grain yields of maize, with 50%RRMF + 100%RRCo producing the highest average grain yields in 2015 and 2017 with relative average grain yield increases of 167 and 98% over the control (no application), respectively. The conjoint application of nutrients resulted in synergistic and antagonistic interactions. Synergistic interactions were observed in the first 2 years of the study, followed by antagonistic interactions in the third year. Three principal components cumulatively explained 86% of the variation among the mechanisms. The mechanisms which contributed most to the added benefits were priming effect, balanced nutrient ratio, and nutrient synchrony.

Impact of lupins, grazed or ungrazed subterranean clover,stubble retention, and lime on soil nitrogen supplyand wheat nitrogen uptake, grain yields, and grain protein

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. McGhie ◽  
D. P. Heenan ◽  
D. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Total Soil N

Soil nitrogen (N), N uptake, and wheat production in relation to rotation with wheat, lupin,or subterranean clover, mulched or grazed, were examined on a red earth at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. Data over 4 years (1992{95) are presented from a long-term trial commenced in 1979. The effects of the various rotations on wheat productivity changed with seasonal rainfall duringthe wheat and the previous legume growing year. Generally, low rainfall (1991 and 1994) during thelegume growing season resulted in lower N uptake, grain protein, and grain yield by wheat grown ina following season. The addition of N fertiliser (100 kg N/ha) to continuous wheat increased soil N supply, N uptake, grain yield, and grain protein. Yields from continuously cropped wheat fertilisedwith N were usually lower than those after a lupin growing season, although total soil N levels weresimilar. Subterranean clover produced higher total soil N and grain protein than lupin but yields werenormally less. Lodging and take-all diseases were higher after a growing season with subterraneanclover than after lupins and most likely reduced grain yields. Grazing, as opposed to mowing andmulching subterranean clover, increased soil total N, grain protein, and usually soil mineral N, butnot grain yield. The addition of lime at 1·5 t/ha raised the soil pH(CaCl2) (0-10 cm) of the mostacidified treatment, continuously cropped wheat fertilised with N, from 4·04 to a mean of 4·7, andincreased yields and N uptake in 1993 and 1995.

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