Lead migration in Podzolic soils from Scandinavia and the United States of America

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Steinnes and A. J. Friedland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Gasoline Lead

In the past two decades, investigators have documented a decrease in total lead concentration and amount in upper soil horizons of forest soils following a reduction in the use of gasoline lead additives. In this study, we compare three data sets of lead isotopic ratios in forest soils from Sweden, Norway and the United States of America in order to formulate hypotheses relating to the factors that dictate lead distribution among horizons in Podzolic soils. A larger fraction of anthropogenic lead is seen at greater depths in the Swedish sites and in the southern sites from Norway then in the USA site. At present, only the time of onset of lead pollution appears to be related to the observed pattern. These observations could not have been made within any individual study but became clear when the three independent studies were examined together. Key words: Lead, soils, long distance transport, migration rates

Russian Federation and the United States of America: geostrategic directions to manage the Ukrainian crisis

2019 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Attarid Awadh Abdulhameed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
Zero Sum

Ukrainia Remains of huge importance to Russian Strategy because of its Strategic importance. For being a privileged Postion in new Eurasia, without its existence there would be no logical resons for eastward Expansion by European Powers.  As well as in Connection with the progress of Ukrainian is no less important for the USA (VSD, NDI, CIA, or pentagon) and the European Union with all organs, and this is announced by John Kerry. There has always ben Russian Fear and Fear of any move by NATO or USA in the area that it poses a threat to  Russians national Security and its independent role and in funence  on its forces especially the Navy Forces. There for, the Crisis manyement was not Zero sum game, there are gains and offset losses, but Russia does not accept this and want a Zero Sun game because the USA. And European exteance is a Foot hold in Regin Which Russian sees as a threat to its national security and want to monopolize control in the strategic Qirim.

Beerheide v Suthers: A Case Study Concerning Religion in Prisons in the USA

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (36) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Scot M Peterson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Institution ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Kosher Food ◽  
Bible Reading

The penitentiary in the United States of America originated as a religious institution. Its roots lie in the belief that inmates could reform if they were given an opportunity to engage in reflection, prayer, Bible-reading and work, thus establishing a new personal foundation for functioning as productive members of the larger society. Not surprisingly, given American's predilection for maintaining a secular civil society, this original foundation for the prison eventually fell from favour, and American penological theories became more sociological or psychological in nature. The fact remains, however, that society in the United States is broadly religious, and prisons continue to address the religious beliefs of inmates and how to accommodate those beliefs in a penological setting. This comment provides a case study on this topic, based on littigation concerning the provision of kosher food to Orthodox inmates in the prisons in Colorado.

External Validation of the Cardiac Surgery Score in a Quaternary Hospital in the United States of America

2021 ◽  
pp. 088506662110668
Author(s):  
Asha Singh ◽  
Chen Liang ◽  
Stephanie L. Mick ◽  
Chiedozie Udeh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Cleveland Clinic ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
The Usa

Background The Cardiac Surgery Score (CASUS) was developed to assist in predicting post-cardiac surgery mortality using parameters measured in the intensive care unit. It is calculated by assigning points to ten physiologic variables and adding them to obtain a score (additive CASUS), or by logistic regression to weight the variables and estimate the probability of mortality (logistic CASUS). Both additive and logistic CASUS have been externally validated elsewhere, but not yet in the United States of America (USA). This study aims to validate CASUS in a quaternary hospital in the USA and compare the predictive performance of additive to logistic CASUS in this setting. Methods Additive and logistic CASUS (postoperative days 1-5) were calculated for 7098 patients at Cleveland Clinic from January 2015 to February 2017. 30-day mortality data were abstracted from institutional records and the Death Registries for Ohio State and the Centers for Disease Control. Given a low event rate, model discrimination was assessed by area under the curve (AUROC), partial AUROC (pAUC), and average precision (AP). Calibration was assessed by curves and quantified using Harrell's Emax, and Integrated Calibration Index (ICI). Results 30-day mortality rate was 1.37%. For additive CASUS, odds ratio for mortality was 1.41 (1.35-1.46, P <0.001). Additive and logistic CASUS had comparable pAUC and AUROC (all >0.83). However, additive CASUS had greater AP, especially on postoperative day 1 (0.22 vs. 0.11). Additive CASUS had better calibration curves, and lower Emax, and ICI on all days. Conclusions Additive and logistic CASUS discriminated well for postoperative 30-day mortality in our quaternary center in the USA, however logistic CASUS under-predicted mortality in our cohort. Given its ease of calculation, and better predictive accuracy, additive CASUS may be the preferred model for postoperative use. Validation in more typical cardiac surgery centers in the USA is recommended.

scholarly journals Serialised Novels in the Polish Emigré Press in the USA, 1881–1918

2022 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 207-238
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Nowosielska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Historical Themes

This article discusses serialised novels published before 1918 in the Polish émigré press in the United States of America. These works were a popular feature of dailies and weeklies, but the periodicals’ regular financial difficulties meant that it was books published several years or indeed several decades earlier in Europe which were most often serialised. Consequently, most of the works that appeared in the periodicals failed to reflect contemporary literary trends while also overlooking subjects relevant to the everyday lives of Poles abroad. Still, the prevailing patriotic and historical themes complemented the values that many editorial boards subscribed to.

scholarly journals The socio-political context of the application of fair selection models in the usa

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Huysamen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South African ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Selection Models ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of

In an earlier article, the psychometrics of various fair selection models that had been proposed in the United States of America in the late 1960s, early 1970s were presented. The purpose of the present article is to discuss the subsequent history of the application of these models in personnel selection in that country and to view its implications for the South African situation. Because the question of fair selection models ties in with the issue of affirmative action, a brief history of this issue as it pertains to personnel selection is also given. Key decisions of the American Supreme Court that have a bearing on this matter are also reviewed. The failure to widely apply these fair selection models may be attributed to the prevalent socio-political context which favours the preferential treatment of certain groups but is hesitant to specify the particulars and limits of such treatment. Opsomming 'n Vorige artikel het die psigometi-ika onderliggend aan verskeie billike keuringsmodelle wat in die laat sestigerjare, vroee sewentigerjare in die Verenigde State van Amerika voorgestel is, behandel. Die doel met die onderhawige artikel is om 'n oorsig te verskaf van die daaropvolgende geskiedenis van die toepassing van daardie modelle in personeelkeuring in daardie land, en om die implikasies daarvan vir die Suid-Afrikaanse situasie te belig. Omdat die aangeleentheid van billike keuringsmodelle verband hou met die kwessie van regstellende aksie, word 'n bondige geskiedenis van hierdie kwessie soos dit op personeelkeuring van toepassing is, ook verskaf. Sleutel-uitsprake van die Amerikaanse Hooggeregshof wat betrekking het op hierdie aangeleentheid word ook beskou. Die beperkte toepassing van hierdie billike keuringsmodelle kan toegeskryf word aan die heersende sosio-politieke konteks wat die voorkeurbehandeling van bepaalde groepe voorstaan, maar wat huiwerig is om die besonderhede en perke van sodanige behandeling te spesifiseer.

MIDDLE EAST POLICY COMPONENT OF THE USA, CHINA AND RUSSIAN FEDERATION: POLITICS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (part 1)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 126-149
Author(s):  
D. V. GORDIENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Usa ◽  
East Component ◽  
The Military ◽  
Middle East Policy ◽  
The Impact

The paper assesses the impact of the middle East component of the policy of the United States of America, the people's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on ensuring the national security of these countries. We propose an approach to comparing this influence, which allows us to identify the priorities of Russia's policy in the middle East and other regions of the world. The results of the work can be used to justify recommendations to the military and political leadership of our country. It is concluded that the middle East component of the policy of the United States, China and Russia is gaining a significant role in the implementation of the current economic and military policies of the countries of the middle East region.

A Clash of Spacepowers

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-270
Author(s):  
Bleddyn E. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Critical Moment ◽  
Illustrative Application

Chapter 6’s illustrative application of the theory demonstrates how the propositions are instructive when critically applied a Taiwan war scenario. In this case, it demonstrates how spacepower can influence terrestrial considerations for battle, in particular with long-distance precision-strike warfare, or ‘anti-access/area denial’ (A2/AD) warfare in current military jargon. Two contrasting strategies are critiqued in the case study as equally valid possibilities – the all-out first strike ‘Space Pearl Harbor’ strategy and ‘Counterspace-in-Being’ strategy of keeping space strikes in reserve for a critical moment. These strategies are two possible options for both the United States of America and People’s Republic of China, with Taiwan also having many opportunities of its own to resist Chinese invasion from the mainland. Projecting support from celestial communications down to Earth from the cosmic coastline changes the calculations of concentration and dispersal for military forces on Earth, and understanding the thorny questions of how and when to strike against space systems is aided by an understanding of all seven propositions.

A Comparative Historical Analysis of the Evolution of the Venture Capital Industry in the Economic Regions of the United States of America, Europe, and China

2020 ◽  
pp. 244-264
Author(s):  
Som Sekhar Bhattacharyya ◽  
Bibhash Laik ◽  
Divya Sharma ◽  
Tirthankar Bose
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
China And India ◽  
Firm Investments ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Market Opportunities

Venture capital (VC) provides a platform to empowered individuals with financial constraints to transform their ideas into business models and attain commercial success. This article reviewed the growth and trends of VC industry across various regions such as the United States of America (USA), Europe, China, and India. Initially, VC firms flourished and developed in the USA and still it harbors the largest VC industry. From the USA, VC firms spread to Europe and then much later to emerging economies like China and India. Although the VC ecosystem had started late in China, it had registered higher growth when compared to Europe in terms of VC investment. China has become the second largest VC market. It was backed by government initiatives, vast market opportunities, and home-grown technology firm investments. India has started observing growth in VC space later than China but had ample opportunities to allow for a surge in VC activities.

scholarly journals Natural(ly) men: masculinity and gendered anti-ageing practices in Finland and the USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANNA OJALA ◽  
TONI CALASANTI ◽  
NEAL KING ◽  
ILKKA PIETILÄ
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged People ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Global North ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACTThe neo-liberal ideologies that point to individual responsibility for risks increasingly influence countries of the global North. The anti-ageing industry reflects this dictate and encourages middle-aged people to use their products and services to manage their ageing. However, given the negative connotations attached to the term ‘anti-ageing’, which is usually seen to focus on aesthetics and thus be a woman's concern, men may be likely to disavow being involved in such activities. The article uses interview data collected from men aged 42–70 from Finland and the United States of America to explore whether and how men adhere to the call to manage their ageing when such anti-ageing activities are seen to be potentially feminising. We find that these men reflected neo-liberalism in the sense that they felt that, although ageing cannot be prevented, it can be controlled. Also while they generally rejected anti-ageing products and services that they judged to affect aesthetics, they reported that they use those that they define as promoting health and performance instead. For them, masculinity is the instrumental focus on performance to the exclusion of beauty or attractiveness. Masculine anti-ageing bodily strategies must also be ‘natural’, involving hard work rather than the use of products, which they regard as never having been scientifically proven to enhance performance. Thus, in talk of their anti-ageing, men distance themselves from women.

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