Emergence, survival and growth of selected plant species in petroleum-impacted flare pit soils

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Rutherford ◽  
S. J. Dickinson ◽  
J. M. Arocena
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Canadian Council ◽  
Flare Pit

One of the prerequisites to phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils is that plants be able to germinate and become established in the presence of contaminants. This 5-wk growth chamber study examined the tolerance of five grasses and one legume to petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) and associated salts in three weathered, fine-textured, flare pit soils obtained from NE British Columbia. Plant tolerance to these soils was measured by percent seedling emergence (PSE), percent seedling survival (PSS) and 5-wk dry shoot biomass; a non-contaminated control soil was included in the study. The contaminated soils showed a wide range in total PHC concentrations (Soil A: 0.1 %, Soil B: 1.8 %, Soil C: 16 % PHC by mass) and in the recently established Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) PHC Tier 1 fractions 1–4. Electrical conductivity in contaminated soils ranged from 3.00 (Soil B) to 5.16 (Soil A) dS m-1. Medicago sativa (alfalfa, cv. Peace) was sensitive (low PSS, PSE and shoot biomass) to high salinity of Soil A but flourished in Soil B, a soil with F3 a nd F4 (gravimetric) concentrations that exceeded CCME PHC Tier 1 Eco Contact standards for agricultural, residential and parkland soils. When considering the combined effects of PHC and salts, Bromus inermis (smooth brome, cv. Carlton) was the grass most tolerant of contaminants in the weathered industrial soils. Compared to other plants, it consistently produced relatively high PSS, PSE and shoot biomass. Soil C was slightly hydrophobic and all plants showed reduced shoot biomass compared to other soils; however, average shoot biomass for Bromus inermis was almost twice as great as any other plant species growing in this soil. More research on the properties and remediation of historic flare pit soils is warranted. Key words: Hydrocarbons, phytoremediation, soil contamination, soil remediation, CCME, soil toxicity

scholarly journals Native Plant Capacity for Gentle Remediation in Heavily Polluted Mines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1769
Author(s):  
María Noelia Jiménez ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta ◽  
Francisco Bruno Navarro ◽  
Mauro Casti ◽  
Emilia Fernández-Ondoño
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Dittrichia Viscosa ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cistus Salviifolius ◽  
Plant Capacity

The use of plant species to stabilize and accumulate trace elements in contaminated soils is considered of great usefulness given the difficulty of decontaminating large areas subjected to mining for long periods. In this work, the bioaccumulation of trace elements is studied by relating the concentrations in leaves and roots of three plants of Mediterranean distribution (Dittrichia viscosa, Cistus salviifolius, Euphorbia pithyusa subsp. cupanii) with the concentrations of trace elements in contaminated and uncontaminated soils. Furthermore, in the case of D. viscosa, to know the concentration of each element by biomass, the pool of trace elements was determined both in the aerial part and in the roots. The bioaccumulation factor was not high enough in any of the species studied to be considered as phytoextractors. However, species like the ones studied in this work that live on soils with a wide range of concentration of trace elements and that develop a considerable biomass could be considered for stabilization of contaminated soils. The plant species studied in this work are good candidates for gentle-remediation options in the polluted Mediterranean.

Antimony uptake by different plant species from nutrient solution, agar and soil

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Tschan ◽  
Brett H. Robinson ◽  
Matteo Nodari ◽  
Rainer Schulin
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Environmental context. Because of its many industrial and other uses, antimony (Sb) is increasingly emitted into the environment through human activities. We studied the uptake of Sb by crop plants from three different substrates: hydroponic nutrient solutions, agar medium, and potting soil. The uptake of Sb increased linearly with Sb in solution or soluble Sb in soil over a wide range of concentrations until it was limited by toxicity. Antimony was much less toxic than its sister element arsenic compared on a molar basis. The results suggest that Sb may be accumulated by some crop plants on heavily contaminated soils at concentrations that may pose a health risk to humans and animals. Abstract. We investigated the uptake of antimonate from nutrient solutions, agar and soil by various cultivated plants, including Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), clover (Trifolium pratense L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Antimony uptake did not differ between the three growth media. In all tested plants, the shoot Sb concentration was proportional to Sb in solution or soluble Sb in soil, until toxicity eventually limited growth. At a given Sb concentration in the growth medium, Sb accumulation differed between plant species by up to an order of magnitude. Clover grown in agar containing 160 mg L–1 Sb in solution accumulated 2151 mg kg–1 Sb (dry weight) in the shoots. Maize had the lowest accumulation. In maize and sunflower, most Sb accumulated in the leaves. The results indicate that antimony may accumulate in the edible parts of crop plants grown on heavily contaminated soils at concentrations that may pose a health risk to humans and animals.

scholarly journals Advances and Applications of Water Phytoremediation: A Potential Biotechnological Approach for the Treatment of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5215
Author(s):  
Cristián Raziel Delgado-González ◽  
Alfredo Madariaga-Navarrete ◽  
José Miguel Fernández-Cortés ◽  
Margarita Islas-Pelcastre ◽  
Goldie Oza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Biotechnological Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Viable Method

Potable and good-quality drinking water availability is a serious global concern, since several pollution sources significantly contribute to low water quality. Amongst these pollution sources, several are releasing an array of hazardous agents into various environmental and water matrices. Unfortunately, there are not very many ecologically friendly systems available to treat the contaminated environment exclusively. Consequently, heavy metal water contamination leads to many diseases in humans, such as cardiopulmonary diseases and cytotoxicity, among others. To solve this problem, there are a plethora of emerging technologies that play an important role in defining treatment strategies. Phytoremediation, the usage of plants to remove contaminants, is a technology that has been widely used to remediate pollution in soils, with particular reference to toxic elements. Thus, hydroponic systems coupled with bioremediation for the removal of water contaminants have shown great relevance. In this review, we addressed several studies that support the development of phytoremediation systems in water. We cover the importance of applied science and environmental engineering to generate sustainable strategies to improve water quality. In this context, the phytoremediation capabilities of different plant species and possible obstacles that phytoremediation systems may encounter are discussed with suitable examples by comparing different mechanistic processes. According to the presented data, there are a wide range of plant species with water phytoremediation potential that need to be studied from a multidisciplinary perspective to make water phytoremediation a viable method.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Native Herbaceous Plant Species Growing on a Paradigmatic Brownfield Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matanzas ◽  
E. Afif ◽  
T. E. Díaz ◽  
J. R. Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Icp Ms

AbstractPhytomanagement techniques using native species allow the recovery of contaminated soils at low cost and circumvent the ecological risks associated with the use of non-native species. In this context, a paradigmatic brownfield megasite highly contaminated by As and Pb was sampled in order to analyze soil–plant interactions and identify plant species with phytoremediation potential. A survey was first carried out in a 20-ha area to obtain an inventory of species growing spontaneously throughout the site. We then performed another survey in the most polluted sub-area (1 ha) within the site. Pseudototal concentrations of contaminants in the soil, aerial parts of the plants, and roots were measured by ICP-MS. A detailed habitat classification was done, and a specific index of coverage was applied by means of a 1-year quadrat study in various sampling stations. Results converged in the selection of six herbaceous species (Dysphania botrys, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus hispidus, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens, Medicago lupulina). All of these plants are fast-growing, thereby making them suitable for use in phytostabilization strategies. Furthermore, they are all easy to grow and propagate and are generally self-sustaining. All six plants showed accumulation factors below 1, thus revealing them as pseudomethallophytes and excluders. However, L. hispidus and M. lupulina showed translocation capacity and are considered worthy of further study.

Periodic wavelet descriptor of plant leaf and its application in botany

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Mao Zeng ◽  
Tong-Lin Zhu ◽  
Xue-Ying Zhuang ◽  
Ming-Xuan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Shape Descriptor ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Periodic Wavelet ◽  
Plant Species Identification ◽  
Botanical Research ◽  
Wavelet Descriptor

Leaf is one of the most important organs of plant. Leaf contour or outline, usually a closed curve, is a fundamental morphological feature of leaf in botanical research. In this paper, a novel shape descriptor based on periodic wavelet series and leaf contour is presented, which we name as Periodic Wavelet Descriptor (PWD). The PWD of a leaf actually expresses the leaf contour in a vector form. Consequently, the PWD of a leaf has a wide range in practical applications, such as leaf modeling, plant species identification and classification, etc. In this work, the plant species identification and the leaf contour reconstruction, as two practical applications, are discussed to elaborate how to employ the PWD of a plant leaf in botanical research.

Responses of insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plant species to climate change in the forests of northeastern North America: What can we predict?This article is one of a selection of papers from NE Forests 2100: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Forests of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada.

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Dukes ◽  
Jennifer Pontius ◽  
David Orwig ◽  
Jeffrey R. Garnas ◽  
Vikki L. Rodgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuisance Species

Climate models project that by 2100, the northeastern US and eastern Canada will warm by approximately 3–5 °C, with increased winter precipitation. These changes will affect trees directly and also indirectly through effects on “nuisance” species, such as insect pests, pathogens, and invasive plants. We review how basic ecological principles can be used to predict nuisance species’ responses to climate change and how this is likely to impact northeastern forests. We then examine in detail the potential responses of two pest species (hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand) and forest tent caterpillar ( Malacosoma disstria Hubner)), two pathogens (armillaria root rot ( Armillaria spp.) and beech bark disease ( Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind. + Neonectria spp.)), and two invasive plant species (glossy buckthorn ( Frangula alnus Mill.) and oriental bittersweet ( Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.)). Several of these species are likely to have stronger or more widespread effects on forest composition and structure under the projected climate. However, uncertainty pervades our predictions because we lack adequate data on the species and because some species depend on complex, incompletely understood, unstable relationships. While targeted research will increase our confidence in making predictions, some uncertainty will always persist. Therefore, we encourage policies that allow for this uncertainty by considering a wide range of possible scenarios.

scholarly journals Sesquiterpene emissions from vegetation: a review

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Duhl ◽  
D. Helmig ◽  
A. Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Selection Of Species

Abstract. This literature review summarizes the environmental controls governing biogenic sesquiterpene (SQT) emissions and presents a compendium of numerous SQT-emitting plant species as well as the quantities and ratios of SQT species they have been observed to emit. The results of many enclosure-based studies indicate that temporal SQT emission variations appear to be dominated mainly by ambient temperatures although other factors contribute (e.g., seasonal variations). This implies that SQT emissions have increased significance at certain times of the year, especially in late spring to mid-summer. The strong temperature dependency of SQT emissions also creates the distinct possibility of increasing SQT emissions in a warmer climate. Disturbances to vegetation (from herbivores and possibly violent weather events) are clearly also important in controlling short-term SQT emissions bursts, though the relative contribution of disturbance-induced emissions is not known. Based on the biogenic SQT emissions studies reviewed here, SQT emission rates among numerous species have been observed to cover a wide range of values, and exhibit substantial variability between individuals and across species, as well as at different environmental and phenological states. These emission rates span several orders of magnitude (10s–1000s of ng gDW-1 h−1). Many of the higher rates were reported by early SQT studies, which may have included artificially-elevated SQT emission rates due to higher-than-ambient enclosure temperatures and disturbances to enclosed vegetation prior to and during sample collection. When predicting landscape-level SQT fluxes, modelers must consider the numerous sources of variability driving observed SQT emissions. Characterizations of landscape and global SQT fluxes are highly uncertain given differences and uncertainties in experimental protocols and measurements, the high variability in observed emission rates from different species, the selection of species that have been studied so far, and ambiguities regarding controls over emissions. This underscores the need for standardized experimental protocols, better characterization of disturbance-induced emissions, screening of dominant plant species, and the collection of multiple replicates from several individuals within a given species or genus as well as a better understanding of seasonal dependencies of SQT emissions in order to improve the representation of SQT emission rates.

scholarly journals Cloning and Mapping of a Putative Barley NADPH-Dependent HC-Toxin Reductase

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Han ◽  
A. Kleinhofs ◽  
A. Kilian ◽  
S. E. Ullrich
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cochliobolus Carbonum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Hc Toxin

The NADPH-dependent HC-toxin reductase (HCTR), encoded by Hm1 in maize, inactivates HC-toxin produced by the fungus Cochliobolus carbonum, and thus confers resistance to the pathogen. The fact that C. carbonum only infects maize (Zea mays) and is the only species known to produce HC-toxin raises the question: What are the biological functions of HCTR in other plant species? An HCTR-like enzyme may function to detoxify toxins produced by pathogens which infect other plant species (R. B. Meeley, G. S. Johal, S. E. Briggs, and J. D. Walton, Plant Cell, 4:71–77, 1992). Hm1 homolog in rice (Y. Hihara, M. Umeda, C. Hara, Q. Liu, S. Aotsuka, K. Toriyama, and H. Uchimiya, unpublished) and HCTR activity in barley, wheat, oats and sorghum have been reported (R. B. Meeley and J. D. Walton, Plant Physiol. 97:1080–1086, 1993). To investigate the sequence conservation of Hm1 and HCTR in barley and the possible relationship of barley Hm1 homolog to the known disease resistance genes, we cloned and mapped a barley (Hordeum vulgare) Hm1-like gene. A putative full-length cDNA clone, Bhm1-18, was isolated from a cDNA library consisting of mRNA from young leaves, inflorescences, and immature embryos. This 1,297-bp clone encodes 363 amino acids which show great similarity (81.6%) with the amino acid sequence of HM1 in maize. Two loci were mapped to barley molecular marker linkage maps with Bhm1-18 as the probe; locus A (Bhm1A) on the long arm of chromosome 1, and locus B (Bhm1B) on the short arm of chromosome 1 which is syntenic to maize chromosome 9 containing the Hm2 locus. The Bhm1-18 probe hybridized strongly to a Southern blot of a wide range of grass species, indicating high conservation of HCTR at the DNA sequence level among grasses. The HCTR mRNA was detected in barley roots, leaves, inflorescences, and immature embryos. The conservation of the HCTR sequence, together with its expression in other plant species (R. B. Meeley and J. D. Walton, Plant Physiol. 97:1080–1086, 1993), suggests HCTR plays an important functional role in other plant species.

Methylene Blue Stainability of Root-Tip Protoplasts as an Indicator of Aluminum Tolerance in a Wide Range of Plant Species, Cultivars and Lines

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 991-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadao Wagatsuma ◽  
Md. Shahadat Hossain Khan ◽  
Idupulapati M. Rao ◽  
Peter Wenzl ◽  
Keitarou Tawaraya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Wide Range

scholarly journals Role of salicylic acid in acclimation to low temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pál ◽  
O. Gondor ◽  
T. Janda
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Related Compounds

Low temperature is one of the most important limiting factors for plant growth throughout the world. Exposure to low temperature may cause various phenotypic and physiological symptoms, and may result in oxidative stress, leading to loss of membrane integrity and to the impairment of photosynthesis and general metabolic processes. Salicylic acid (SA), a phenolic compound produced by a wide range of plant species, may participate in many physiological and metabolic reactions in plants. It has been shown that exogenous SA may provide protection against low temperature injury in various plant species, while various stress factors may also modify the synthesis and metabolism of SA. In the present review, recent results on the effects of SA and related compounds in processes leading to acclimation to low temperatures will be discussed.

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