Enzyme activity and C and N pools in soil following application of mulches

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Masciandaro ◽  
B. Ceccanti ◽  
S. Benedicto ◽  
H. C. Lee ◽  
H. F. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Soil Biochemical Properties ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
C And N

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of some mulching materials on soil biochemical properties that represent a component of soil quality and functionality. Wheat straw, dairy manure compost, and black polyethylene were used in the mulching experiments of a soil seeded with forage maize. Soil samples were taken from the surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (10–20 cm) layers 1 and 4 mo after treatments were applied. Soil productivity, biochemical and chemical properties were determined. Compost treatment showed the highest agronomic yield due to the release of nutrients for plant nutrition and soil metabolism. Dehydrogenase activity was used as a measurement of overall microbial activity, whereas β-glucosidase and urease hydrolase activities were determined as an expression of C and N cycles. In addition, a ratio between dehydrogenase activity and water soluble carbon (defined as “metabolic potential index”) was calculated, in order to better represent soil metabolic potential. Compost-mulch treatment showed the lowest ratio values, while straw mulch had the highest value. A similar trend was found for β-glucosidase activity. The data confirmed the validity and sensitivity of the metabolic potential index and β-glucosidase enzyme in monitoring the change of soil biochemical properties and of soil quality during soil management practices. Key words: Soil enzyme activities, mulching practice, soil quality

Stabilisation and mineralisation of sludge in reed bed systems after 10–20 years of operation

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steen Nielsen ◽  
Eleonora Peruzzi ◽  
Cristina Macci ◽  
Serena Doni ◽  
Grazia Masciandaro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
C And N ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

Sludge stabilisation and mineralisation during periods of operation between 10 and 21 years were investigated in three different systems receiving sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants situated in Denmark. Samples were taken along the entire profiles, in order to compare the effectiveness of the sludge stabilisation process. Particular attention was given to the stabilisation process occurring within the reed beds; in fact, parameters correlated to biochemical properties of organic sludge matter were determined. Statistical procedures were used to evaluate how the biochemical processes influence the quality of sludge organic matter. The level of total organic carbon and total nitrogen had a similar trend along the profile: their concentration decreased with increasing depth, reaching very low levels at the deepest layers. The same trend was also observed for the water-soluble carbon, N-NH3, β-glucosidase and urease activities, and hydrolytic enzymes linked to C and N cycles: their values decreased dramatically with increasing depth, meaning that the level of mineralisation of the organic matter was higher in the deepest layers. The determination of extracellular enzymes bound to humic substances and humic carbon permitted evaluation of the stabilisation of organic sludge matter, and also allowed individuation of the ways in which the sludge was stabilised, in terms of mineralisation and humification of the organic matter.

SOIL C AND N AS INDICATORS OF VINEYARD SOIL QUALITY IN THE RAVNI KOTARI REGION OF CROATIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia C. Clemens ◽  
◽  
Mia Brkljaca ◽  
Delaina Pearson ◽  
C. Brannon Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Vineyard Soil ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N

scholarly journals Seasonal Patterns of Soil Respiration and Related Soil Biochemical Properties under Nitrogen Addition in Winter Wheat Field

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e0144115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guopeng Liang ◽  
Albert A. Houssou ◽  
Huijun Wu ◽  
Dianxiong Cai ◽  
Xueping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Soil Biochemical Properties

scholarly journals Effect of long-term conservation tillage on soil biochemical properties in Mediterranean Spanish areas

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Madejón ◽  
J.M. Murillo ◽  
F. Moreno ◽  
M.V. López ◽  
J.L. Arrue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Biochemical Properties

scholarly journals Patent-information support for assessing the environmental status of the soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Samokhvalova ◽  
O. V. Mangryka ◽  
A. I. Fateev ◽  
V. M. Gorjakina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Patent Information ◽  
Environmental Status

Innovative (patent information research, elaboration of new methods and their implementation) and environmental management, the using of human-contaminated soils, soil protection against pollution and its prevention are the basic directions of the strategic management of soil resources. In conditions of intensive anthropogenic pressure the assessment of the ecological status of soils is an important factor, which reduces the risks of soil degradation and to propose ways to restore their productive and ecological functions on the further development of functional - ecological approach in soil science (Dobrovolsky, Nikitin, 1986, 1996). Therefore, urgent and important in theoretical and practical aspect is the elaboration of new technical decisions (methods) of soil quality assessment to create conditions to improve and to prevent the reduction of the level of productivity of soils and plants, the deterioration of their quality. The purpose of the investigations – the analysis of information sources existing patent information base of Ukraine and Russia on the issue of the environmental assessment of soils and perform patent research. Tasks perform patent research: the technical level of the object; analysis of scientific and technical activities leading developers; studying trends existing way to do that; techno-economic analysis of technical solutions/inventions that meet the objectives of the development; the study of the newness and novelty of the developed object and its constituent parts; investigated of the feasibility of its legal protection. It was considered the features of assessment of the soils environmental status in the investigation of the current patent-information database in Ukraine and Russia, components of which are developed new technical decisions. It was reviewed the providing patent information to assess the ecological status of both contaminated and uncontaminated soils. By analysis it was found that the patent-information support of Ukraine and Russia relative to existing methods of soils ecological status assessment is presented by the following ways: the ways of assessing of the soils research background concentrations, mobile, gross or water-soluble forms of trace elements and heavy metals; estimates based on bioassay and bioindication in combination with chemical analytical measurement indicators; comprehensive and expert evaluation of the properties of soils and its contamination; assessment of soil quality, considering the physical, physic-chemical and others properties; assessment of soil pollution using GIS technology, etc. The technical result of the developed methods is to improve the objectivity of assessment of changing soil quality and accuracy of the expert-analytical assessments of functional suitability of soils certain territory to growing different crops on a permanent or constant impact factor of pollution; for zoning for maximum efficiency use of different methods, methods of remediation of contaminated soils or soil improvers of different nature and micronutrients using to optimize the trace element status of soil and plants, soil quality; to evaluate the effectiveness of the testing results of the elaborated technical decisions in different soil-climatic zones.

scholarly journals Biological and biochemical properties in evaluation of forest soil quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Błońska ◽  
Jarosław Lasota
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Density And Biomass

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using biological and biochemical parameters in the evaluation of forest soil quality and changes caused by land use. The study attempted to determine a relationship between the enzymatic activity of soil, the number of earthworms and soil physico-chemical properties. The study was carried out in central Poland in adjoining Forest Districts (Przedbórz and Smardzewice). In soil samples taken from 12 research plots, basic physico-chemical properties, enzyme activity (dehydrogenase, urease) and density and biomass of earthworms were examined. Enzyme activity showed a large diversity within the forest site types studied. The correlations between the activity of the enzymes studied and C/N ratio indicated considerable importance of these enzymes in metabolism of essential elements of organic matter of forest soils. Urease and dehydrogenase activity and earthworm number showed susceptibility to soil pH, which confirmed relationships between enzyme activity and abundance of earthworms and soil pH in H2O and KCl.

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