Phosphorus concentrations in subsurface water as influenced by cropping systems and fertilizer sources

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Carefoot ◽  
J. K. Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Total P

Over-fertilization of agricultural soils with P has been linked to water pollution, and it is becoming apparent that subsurface P losses can be substantial. The silty-loam Gleysol chosen for this study contained 146 mg Mehlich-3 P kg-1, which exceeds the critical limit (66 mg Mehlich-3 P kg-1) for Québec. Equal quantities of fertilizer P (45 kg P ha-1) were applied from inorganic (triple superphosphate) and organic (composted cattle manure) sources to corn-corn and corn-soybean rotations. We evaluated crop production, the Mehlich-3 P and degree of soil P saturation levels, and the P concentration in subsurface water. Crop yields were unaffected by the fertilizer source, and only 31 to 67% of the P applied over a 2-yr period was exported, suggesting that the P fertilizer rate, chosen to match the P requirements of the corn crop, was excessive. After 2 yr, surface (0 to 15 cm) soils contained 149 to 199 mg Mehlich-3 P kg-1 and the Mehlich-3 (P/Al) saturation ratio (DSPSM3) ranged from 0.10 to 0.14. Subsurface water from piezometers installed to a 60-cm depth contained between 0.3 and 1.7 mg total P L-1, and particulate P was the dominant P form at most sampling dates. Mehlich-3 P was positively correlated with dissolved reactive P, whereas the DSPSM3 was positively correlated with the total P and particulate P concentrations in subsurface water. We conclude that these soil test parameters could be useful indicators of subsurface P losses from Québec soils. Key words: Soil test P, degree of soil P saturation, composted cattle manure, triple superphosphate, P leaching

scholarly journals Food Phosphorus Flows in a Low-Income, Food- and Phosphorus-Deficient Country

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thabiti Soudjay Kamal ◽  
Yunfeng Huang ◽  
Chulong Huang ◽  
Su Xu ◽  
Gao Bing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Island State ◽  
Total P

We present a quantitative analysis of phosphorus (P) flows that characterize the food production-consumption system metabolism in a low-income, food, and phosphorus deficient country, using Comoros, a small African island state, as an example from the year 2000 to 2011. The data were interpreted in terms of the connections between crop production, livestock breeding, human consumption, and soil stock, using the substance flow analysis (SFA) model. We found that the total P input into Comoros totaled 132.37 t in 2000 and 270.60 t in 2011, whereas the total P output totaled 567.40 t in 2000 and 702.29 t in 2011. Farmers in Comoros are cropping with little or no P input, resulting in a soil P deficiency; it varied from 435.03 t in 2000 to 431.69 t in 2011. In addition, the Phosphorus Use Efficiencies (PUEs) of plant and animal production in Comoros were 131.80% and 14%, respectively, in 2011. This is the first SFA of a small island state, and the lack of a closed P loop is a major issue for the country in terms of P security and this has not changed between 2000 and 2011. This study proposes crucial solutions for improving the PUE through recycling and reusing animal manure, human excreta, and household solid organic waste.

scholarly journals Ion Exchange Resin Membrane Sensitivity Analysis of Selected Parameters for Soil Nutrient Extraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Plinio L. Kroth ◽  
Clesio Gianello ◽  
Leandro Bortolon ◽  
Jairo A. Schlindwein ◽  
Elisandra S.O. Bortolon
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wide Range

<p>The ion exchange resin method has received considerable attention as an alternative soil test method to evaluate plant available nutrients. This study sought to investigate the effect of changes to the resin standard method in the capacity of the resin to extract soil P, K, Ca, and Mg in soils with different texture. We tested the following modifications: soil grinding levels (&lt; 2 mm; &lt; 0.3 mm), shaking time (8 h; 16 h; 24 h), reciprocation level (12.5 rpm; 25 rpm; 50 rpm), solution and elution saturation concentration (0.25/0.25 mol L<sup>-1</sup>; 0.5/0.5 mol L<sup>-1</sup>; 1.0/1.0 mol L<sup>-1</sup>), soil:solution ratio (1:5 v:v; 1:10 v:v; 1:16 v:v; 1:25 v:v), room temperature (10 <sup>o</sup>C, 15 <sup>o</sup>C, 25 <sup>o</sup>C, 40 <sup>o</sup>C), and resin amount (1 n; 2 n). When one factor was changed all the others were kept the same as the standard procedure. We selected the five most representative soil orders used for crop production in Southern Brazil which have a wide range of clay, organic matter, Mehlich-1 extractable P and K, and KCl exchangeable Ca, and Mg contents. Results showed that modifications on the standard extraction procedure affected the amounts of soil P, K, Ca, and Mg extracted. Temperature was the main factor affecting the amount of P extracted from the soil with ion exchange membrane resin. Our results can be useful to other regions that might be interested in adopting the resin soil test method, allowing others to identify the impacts of similar method modifications on soil nutrient availability according to soil type, soil management, and temperature conditions.</p>

Elution of inorganic and organic phosphorus from surface applied organic amendments

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-718
Author(s):  
M K Idowu ◽  
D V Ige ◽  
O O Akinremi
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Total P

Understanding the effects of organic amendments on the movement of organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) in soils is important for effective P management in agricultural soils. Thus, the effects of beef cattle manure, hog manure and biosolids on the downward movement of organic (Porg) and inorganic (Pi) P in Lakeland and Osborne soils were investigated. The amendments were added to the soils at the rate of 0, 200, 400 and 800 kg P ha-1 by mixing with the top 1 cm of soil in a column. The column was eluted with 20 pore volumes (PV) of 0.01 M CaCl2. The amount of total P (PT), Porg and Pi in the effluent was determined. The concentrations of Porg and Pi in the effluent increased as the rate of amendment application increased. A greater percentage of PT was lost as Pi in the soils amended with hog manure and biosolids, while in the soil amended with beef cattle manure, Porg constituted a greater portion of the total P eluted. As much as 63% of total P eluted from the Lakeland soil at the highest rate of beef cattle manure was in the form of Porg. Lakeland soil retained more Pi than the Osborne soil due to its greater P retention capacity. Organic P was lost within the 2nd and the 4th PV in the two soils, which illustrated the ease of Porg movement through the soil. In conclusion, both organic and inorganic P can move through the soil in organically amended soils and the risk of losing organic P by leaching is greater in soils amended with high rates of beef cattle manure. Key words: Biosolids, hog manure, beef cattle manure, elution, organic phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus

Effect of long-term phosphorus fertilization on soil phosphorus fractions .

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Crisitna Zamuner ◽  
Andrea Beatriz Díez ◽  
Liliana Inés Picone
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Total P ◽  
Bray 1 ◽  
Low Rate

A limitation to crop production in the southeast of the Buenos Aires province (Argentina) is the low phosphorus (P) availability. P fertilization is required for high yields. The objective of this work was to quantify the forms of soil P as affected by different P fertilization strategies after 8 years under wheat. The combination of high rate (H; 176 kg P ha<sup>-1</sup>), low rate (L; 88 kg P ha<sup>-1</sup>), single application (S; at the beginning of the experiment), and fractionated application (F; annual fertilization of 22 and 11 kg P ha<sup>-1</sup>) were evaluated. Soil total P, total inorganic P, total organic P, organic (Po) and inorganic (Pi) extractable with NaHCO<sub>3</sub> and NaOH, were determined, plus available P (P-Bray 1). Fertilization did not change the total P or the total Po (344 and 412 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). Fertilized treatment, compared with a non-fertilized one, increased the concentration of Pi-NaHCO<sub>3</sub> (14.49 and 7.62 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>) and Pi-NaOH (47.13 and 28.37 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>). The H rate increased the Pi extracted with NaHCO<sub>3</sub> (13.16 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>) and with NaOH (53.82 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>) compared with the L rate (9.82 and 40.43 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). The FH rate increased the concentration of Pi-NaOH (59.55 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>) compared to SH (48.10 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup>), while the low rate produced no changes in this fraction. In summary, when the amount of P added was fractioned and exceeded the quantity removed by crop, the excess was converted mainly to Pi-NaOH. A positive and significant correlation (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.95; P &lt; 0.001) between the sum of Pi-NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, Pi- NaOH and P-Bray 1 was established.

scholarly journals Relationships between agronomic and environmental phosphorus analyses of selected soils

Water SA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Nthejane ◽  
CC du Preez ◽  
CW van Huyssteen
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Central South

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient in crop production and is therefore typically applied as phosphatic fertilisers.  This can induce soil P concentrations that may contribute to freshwater eutrophication.  Soil P tests developed from a water pollution protection perspective are unlike those developed for agronomic purposes and are also not easily adapted to routine analyses.  The aim with this study was therefore to establish whether the values of P extracted from a range of soils by various agronomic and environmental P determination methods are related or not.  Topsoil samples were collected from virgin soils in central South Africa and treated with KH2PO4 to induce different P concentrations and then incubated for 3 months, while subjected to various wetting and drying cycles.  The samples were then analysed for P using the extractants of Bray 1, citric acid, ISFEI, Olsen, and Truog, commonly employed to establish the agronomic P status of soils.  Environmental P status was determined with calcium chloride (CaCl2) and ammonium oxalate (DPSox) extractants.  Generally good relationships were found between CaCl2 and ISFEI (R2 = 0.72), between DPSox and Truog (R2 = 0.79), and between DPSox and citric acid (R2 = 0.82).  Agronomic P soil tests therefore have the potential to be used in regulating application of phosphatic fertilisers to ensure optimum crop yields, while simultaneously limiting freshwater pollution.  Further field studies are, however, recommended to determine threshold values from an environmental point of view.

scholarly journals High Phosphorus Applications Influence Soil-available Potassium and Kentucky Bluegrass Copper Content

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Nus ◽  
N.E. Christians ◽  
K.L. Diesburg
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of high P applications on `Baron', Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) turf quality, chlorophyll content, soil test levels of P and K, and foliar nutrient concentration. In this 5-year field study, P was applied at 0, 22, 43, 86, 172, or 258 kg·ha-1·year-1 using triple superphosphate (210 g P/kg) in single-applications in May. Phosphorus applications did not affect overall yearly quality, chlorophyll content, or soil pH, but increased available soil P and reduced available soil K and Cu concentration in clippings.

An agronomic test to manage phosphorus environmental risk from pastures with good grazing management

Soil Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Hart ◽  
P. S. Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Total P

Management of phosphorus (P) environmental risk has been hampered by the lack of widely applicable threshold values for the soil properties that determine concentrations of P in runoff. This paper simplified the task of developing threshold values by restricting land-use to pastures and by using a single methodology based on simulated rainfall across 38 field sites (76 plots) that included a range of land-use intensities, and soils that varied widely in lithology and soil properties. An ‘adjusted’ soil-test P was determined from the measured Colwell-P minus the threshold P for agronomic response, which was estimated from P-buffering index (PBI). Concentrations of total P (TP) in runoff rose exponentially with rising ‘adjusted’ soil-test P, although only with pastures with high groundcover (r2 = 0.87), or if plots were protected from erosion with a cover of shade-cloth (r2 = 0.70). Concentrations of TP in runoff were low (<0.5 mg L–1) where adjusted Colwell-P was less than zero, which on this scale is the threshold for agronomic response. Similar results were found for dissolved reactive P (DRP) in runoff, although for plots with soil P below the agronomic threshold, the concentrations of DRP were lower than for TP. We conclude that Colwell-P and soil PBI together provide a widely applicable test for environmental P risk from pastures with good ground cover. The same threshold values may be used for both agronomic and environmental purposes.

Improved Plant Diversity as a Strategy to Increase Available Soil Phosphorus

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Crusciol ◽  
João Rigon ◽  
Juliano Calonego ◽  
Rogério Soratto
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Residue Decomposition

Some crop species could be used inside a cropping system as part of a strategy to increase soil P availability due to their capacity to recycle P and shift the equilibrium between soil P fractions to benefit the main crop. The release of P by crop residue decomposition, and mobilization and uptake of otherwise recalcitrant P are important mechanisms capable of increasing P availability and crop yields.

Application of Remote Sensing in Agriculture

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Piekarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

AbstractWith increasing intensity of agricultural crop production increases the need to obtain information about environmental conditions in which this production takes place. Remote sensing methods, including satellite images, airborne photographs and ground-based spectral measurements can greatly simplify the monitoring of crop development and decision-making to optimize inputs on agricultural production and reduce its harmful effects on the environment. One of the earliest uses of remote sensing in agriculture is crop identification and their acreage estimation. Satellite data acquired for this purpose are necessary to ensure food security and the proper functioning of agricultural markets at national and global scales. Due to strong relationship between plant bio-physical parameters and the amount of electromagnetic radiation reflected (in certain ranges of the spectrum) from plants and then registered by sensors it is possible to predict crop yields. Other applications of remote sensing are intensively developed in the framework of so-called precision agriculture, in small spatial scales including individual fields. Data from ground-based measurements as well as from airborne or satellite images are used to develop yield and soil maps which can be used to determine the doses of irrigation and fertilization and to take decisions on the use of pesticides.

scholarly journals Describing Phosphorus Sorption Processes on Volcanic Soil in the Presence of Copper or Silver Engineered Nanoparticles

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Jonathan Suazo-Hernández ◽  
Erwin Klumpp ◽  
Nicolás Arancibia-Miranda ◽  
Patricia Poblete-Grant ◽  
Alejandra Jara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) present in consumer products are being released into the agricultural systems. There is little information about the direct effect of ENPs on phosphorus (P) availability, which is an essential nutrient for crop growthnaturally occurring in agricultural soils. The present study examined the effect of 1, 3, and 5% doses of Cu0 or Ag0 ENPs stabilized with L-ascorbic acid (suspension pH 2–3) on P ad- and desorption in an agricultural Andisol with total organic matter (T-OM) and with partial removal of organic matter (R-OM) by performing batch experiments. Our results showed that the adsorption kinetics data of H2PO4− on T-OM and R-OM soil samples with and without ENPs were adequately described by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Elovich models. The adsorption isotherm data of H2PO4− from T-OM and R-OM soil samples following ENPs addition were better fitted by the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. When the Cu0 or Ag0 ENPs doses were increased, the pH value decreased and H2PO4− adsorption increased on T-OM and R-OM. The H2PO4− desorption (%) was lower with Cu0 ENPs than Ag0 ENPs. Overall, the incorporation of ENPs into Andisols generated an increase in P retention, which may affect agricultural crop production.

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