Influence of peatmoss on hydraulic properties and strength of compacted soils

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama K. Nusier
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Available Water ◽  
The Impact

Due to its high organic matter content, peatmoss can be highly beneficial to agricultural soil. In this research, the impact of varying organic matter contents at different compaction efforts on water retention, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and modulus of rupture of three soils (sandy loam, clay loam, and clay) has been investigated under laboratory conditions. Compaction changed the ability of the soils to hold water, increased modulus of rupture, and decreased the plant-available water-holding capacity of the soils. On the other hand, organic matter generally increased the ability of the soils to hold water, expanded the available water capacity, and decreased the modulus of rupture of compacted soils. Key words: Peatmoss, water retention, saturated hydraulic conductivity, modulus of rupture

Data forcing errors resulting from lack of harmonization and standardization in measurement methodologies: A comparison of soil hydrophysical data from a large EU database.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine van der Ploeg ◽  
Attila Nemes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water Retention

<p>Soil hydro-physical properties —such as soil water retention, (un)saturated hydraulic conductivity, shrinkage and swelling, organic matter content, texture (particle distribution), structure (soil aggregation/pore structure)and bulk density— are used in many sub(surface) modeling applications. Reliable soil-hydrophysical properties are key to proper predictions with such models, yet the harmonization and standardization of these properties has not received much attention. Lack of harmonization and standardization may lead to heterogeneity in data as a result of differences in methodologies, rather than real landscape heterogeneity. A need and scope has been identified to better harmonize, innovate, and standardize methodologies regarding measuring soil hydraulic properties that form the information base of many derived products in support of EU policy. With this identified need in mind the Soil Program on Hydro-Physics via International Engagement (SOPHIE) was initiated in 2017. Besides developing new activities that may advise future measurements, we also explore historic data and metadata and mine its relevant contents. The European Hydro-pedological Data Inventory (EU-HYDI), the largest European database on measured soil hydrophysical properties, is – to date – rather under-explored in this sense, which served as motivation for this work.</p><p>From EU-HYDI we selected those records that were complete for soil texture, bulk density and organic matter, and fitted pedo-transfer functions separately for particular water retention points (at heads of 0, 2.5, 10, 100, 300, 1000, 3000, 15000 cm) and saturated hydraulic conductivity by multi-linear regression. We then subtracted the observed retention and hydraulic conductivity values from their estimated counterparts, and grouped the residuals by measurement methodologies. The results show that there can be significant differences between different methodologies and sample sizes used to obtain the water retention and hydraulic conductivity in the laboratory. The results thus show that the EU-data that may underlie large scale modelling may introduce errors in the forcing data that are attributed to a lack of harmonization and standardization in currently used measurement protocols.</p>

COMPACTION AND SETTLING OF QUEBEC SOILS IN RELATION TO THEIR SOIL-WATER PROPERTIES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
M. BERNIER-CARDOU ◽  
P. JOLICOEUR
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Behavior ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Water Retention Properties ◽  
Soil Water Properties

Twenty-one topsoils, with texture varying from sandy loam to clay and organic matter content ranging from 1.6 to 11.9%, were submitted to compaction and settling at different moisture contents where dry bulk density was determined. Under compaction, the density curve went through a maximum while a minimum was observed in the case of settling. Optimum moisture contents corresponding to these two characteristic densities were almost the same. The most important physical properties affecting soil behavior under compaction and settling were found to be water retention properties at low matric potential which themselves depended primarily on organic matter content. Samples submitted to compaction had saturated hydraulic conductivities less than 1 cm/h, while after settling, Ksat measurements ranged from 0.8 to 234 cm/h. Organic matter played an important role in reducing the effects of compaction, and moisture content alone was not sufficient to predict the best conditions for workability in the fields.

scholarly journals Restorative effects of amendments on artificially degraded soils in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Yield Reduction

An evaluation of the productivity of degraded alfisols at Makurdi and Otobi, Nigeria, using artificial desurfacing techniques (ADT) was carried out in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The study was a split-split plot experiment arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The soil was desurfaced at 0 – 5, 0 – 10, 0 – 15, 0 – 20 cm and the undesurfaced soil, 0 cm (control) depths. The restorative amendments were 9 t ha-1 of poultry dropping as an organic source of manure, N:P2O5:K2O as an inorganic source of manure and zero application as control. Soybean variety TGX 1448-2E and maize variety, Oba super II were used as test crop. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly (P = 0.05) lower at 20 cm (29.08 cm hr-1 ), but did not differ significantly at 0 to 10 cm depths. Soil pH of 5.58 was recorded at 0 cm depth and it decreased to 5.05 at 20 cm depth. Also, organic matter content (1.71 – 1.00 g kg-1 ), total nitrogen (0.12 – 0.08 g kg-1 ) as well as CEC (7.39 – 6.24 cmol kg-1 ) recorded a significant decrease with increase in soil depth from 0 to 20 cm depths. Application of poultry manure increased total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity as well as organic matter content across desurfaced depths. Soybean number of leaves was significantly (P = 0.05) reduced at 4, 7, and 10 WAP with increased topsoil removal. The highest grain yield of soybean (1474 kg ha-1 ) was recorded on poultry manure treated plots which were significantly higher (p = 0.05) than other treatments. Application of poultry manure caused 20 % soybean yield reduction at 5 depth, and a 56 % reduction at 20 cm depth.

Evaluation of some selected soil properties of a drip irrigated tomato field at different moisture regimes in South-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.O. Ogundipe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Tomato Field

Soil properties are important to the development of agricultural crops. This study determined some selected soil properties of a drip irrigated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) field at different moisture regime in South-Western Nigeria. The experiment was carried out using Randomized Complete Block Design with frequency and depth of irrigation application as the main plot and sub-plot, respectively in three replicates. Three frequencies (7, 5 and 3 days) and three depths equivalent to 100, 75 and 50% of water requirement were used. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected from 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers for the determination of some soil properties (soil texture, organic matter content, bulk density, infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity) were determined using standard formulae. Soil Water Content (SWC) monitoring was conducted every two days using a gravimetric technique. The soil texture was sandy loam for all the soil depths; average value of soil organic matter was highest (1.8%) in the 0-5 cm surface layer and decreased with soil depth; the soil bulk density value before and after irrigation experiment ranged from 1.48 and 1.73 g/cm3 and 1.5 and 1.76 g/cm3, respectively; there was a rapid reduction in the initial infiltration and final infiltration rate. Saturated hydraulic conductivity show similar trend although the 20-30 cm layer had the lowest value (50.84 mm/h); the SWC affect bulk density during the growing season. The study showed that soil properties especially bulk density and organic matter content affect irrigation water movement at different depth..

The impact of heating on the hydraulic properties of soils sampled under different plant cover

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viliam Novák ◽  
Ľubomír Lichner ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Karol Kňava
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Penetration Time

AbstractThe impact of heating on the peristence of water repellency, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and water retention characteristics was examined on soils from both forest and meadow sites in southwest Slovakia shortly after a wet spell. The top 5 cm of meadow soils had an initial water drop penetration time WDPT at 20°C of 457 s, whereas WDPT in the pine forest was 315 s for the top 5 cm and 982 s if only the top 1 cm was measured. Heating soils at selected temperatures of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300°C caused a marked drop in water drop penetration time WDPT from the initial value at 20°C. However, samples collected in different years and following an imposed cycle of wetting and drying showed much different trends, with WDPT sometimes initially increasing with temperature, followed by a drop after 200–300°C. The impact of heating temperature on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil was small. It was found for both the drying and wetting branches of soil water retention curves that an increase in soil water repellency resulted in a drop in soil water content at the same matric potential. The persistence of soil water repellency was strongly influenced by both the sampling site and time of sampling, as it was characterized by the results of WDPT tests.

scholarly journals Biochar increases plant-available water in a sandy loam soil under an aerobic rice crop system

Solid Earth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 939-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. de Melo Carvalho ◽  
A. de Holanda Nunes Maia ◽  
B. E. Madari ◽  
L. Bastiaans ◽  
P. A. J. van Oort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Plant Available Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of biochar rate (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha−1) on the water retention capacity (WRC) of a sandy loam Dystric Plinthosol. The applied biochar was a by-product of slow pyrolysis (∼450 °C) of eucalyptus wood, milled to pass through a 2000 μm sieve that resulted in a material with an intrinsic porosity ≤10 μm and a specific surface area of ∼3.2 m2 g−1. The biochar was incorporated into the top 15 cm of the soil under an aerobic rice system. Our study focused on both the effects on WRC and rice yields 2 and 3 years after its application. Undisturbed soil samples were collected from 16 plots in two soil layers (5–10 and 15–20 cm). Soil water retention curves were modelled using a nonlinear mixed model which appropriately accounts for uncertainties inherent of spatial variability and repeated measurements taken within a specific soil sample. We found an increase in plant-available water in the upper soil layer proportional to the rate of biochar, with about 0.8% for each Mg ha−1 biochar amendment 2 and 3 years after its application. The impact of biochar on soil WRC was most likely related to an effect in overall porosity of the sandy loam soil, which was evident from an increase in saturated soil moisture and macro porosity with 0.5 and 1.6% for each Mg ha−1 of biochar applied, respectively. The increment in soil WRC did not translate into an increase in rice yield, essentially because in both seasons the amount of rainfall during the critical period for rice production exceeded 650 mm. The use of biochar as a soil amendment can be a worthy strategy to guarantee yield stability under short-term water-limited conditions. Our findings raise the importance of assessing the feasibility of very high application rates of biochar and the inclusion of a detailed analysis of its physical and chemical properties as part of future investigations.

Effects of soil structural properties on saturated hydraulic conductivity under different land-use types

Soil Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Jiang ◽  
Ming'an Shao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Impact

Soil structure has important influences on edaphic conditions and environment, is often related to aggregate stability. The saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is an important soil hydraulic property that affects water flow and transport of dissolved solutes. The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of water-stable aggregate stability on Ks under different land-use types. Using a range of aggregate stabilities in disturbed soil columns, Ks was measured and relationships between the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates and Ks for three different conditions (three soil layers, four land use types, two water supply methods) were determined. Differences between soil aggregate characteristics and organic matter content among the land use types were significant. Using both both top and bottom water supply methods, MWD was related to Ks by a non-linear function (coefficient of determination >0.95), and land-use type and water supply method were significant factors. When undisturbed soil columns were investigated, the relationship between MWD and Ks was obscured by other soil environmental factors.

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