Magnetic susceptibility of Gleysolic and Chernozemic soils in Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils ◽  
Extractable Iron

In Saskatchewan, Gleysolic and Chernozemic soils often are found close to each other in hummocky terrain. Magnetic susceptibility (χ) is known to be reduced in poorly drained soils compared to well-drained soils, and this study investigated the use of χ as an accessory criterion for identifying Gleysols. Archived soil samples from an area near Saskatoon were analyzed for χ and sand content, and where necessary for organic and inorganic C and oxalate (Feo) and dithionite (Fed) extractable iron. The lowest χ values were found in Humic Luvic Gleysols and the highest in Dark Brown Chernozems; Rego and Orthic Gleysols and Rego Humic Gleysols had χ values that overlapped those of the Dark Brown Chernozems. Within the upper 50 cm of the profile, all Gleysols except the Rego Humic Gleysol had at least one horizon with %chi; less than 150 × 10-9m3kg-1. The χ of the A and B horizons was negatively correlated to their Feo/Fed ratios, and not correlated to their sand content. The χ of the deep tills was positively correlated to sand content, and not correlated to Feo/Fed ratio. It appears that χ may be as useful as the Feo/Fed ratio for assisting in classifying Gleysols. Key words: Magnetic susceptibility, Gleysols, Chernozems, Feo, Fed, CaCo3

Magnetic susceptibility of soil separates of Gleysolic and Chernozemic soils

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Jong ◽  
R. J. Heck ◽  
E. V. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Extractable Iron

The major horizons of Gleysolic and Chernozemic soils and the underlying deep till of five cores were separated into sand-, silt- and clay-sized fractions. Pedogenesis increased the ranges of magnetic susceptibility (χ) and oxalate (Feo) and dithionite-citrate extractable (Fed) iron in bulk samples and size separates of the A, B and IC horizons compared to the deep till. In the A, B and IC horizons the relationships between χ of the bulk (< 2 mm diameter) soil and χ of the sand and silt fractions was much stronger than in the deep till. Generally, χ of the clay was much lower than that of the coarser fractions, whose χ was similar or slightly larger than that of the bulk samples, except for two buried, burned horizons. Treatment of the sand fraction of 15 soils with dithionite -citrate to remove pedogenic ferrimagnetics showed that the latter decreased in the order: burned, buried horizons > gleysolic and chernozemic A horizons > gleysolic B horizons > IC horizons. The low χ of the gleysolic horizons cannot be attributed to a decrease in pedogenetically formed ferrimagnetics; they must have lost part of their inherited ferrimagnetics, possibly sand-sized magnetite. Key words: Magnetic susceptibility, soil separates, extractable iron, gleysols, chernozems

scholarly journals Impacts of oak deforestation and rainfed cultivation on soil redistribution processes across hillslopes using 137Cs techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsollah Ayoubi ◽  
Nafiseh Sadeghi ◽  
Farideh Abbaszadeh Afshar ◽  
Mohammad Reza Abdi ◽  
Mojtaba Zeraatpisheh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Rainfed Farming

Abstract Background As one of the main components of land-use change, deforestation is considered the greatest threat to global environmental diversity with possible irreversible environmental consequences. Specifically, one example could be the impacts of land-use changes from oak forests into agricultural ecosystems, which may have detrimental impacts on soil mobilization across hillslopes. However, to date, scarce studies are assessing these impacts at different slope positions and soil depths, shedding light on key geomorphological processes. Methods In this research, the Caesium-137 (137Cs) technique was applied to evaluate soil redistribution and soil erosion rates due to the effects of these above-mentioned land-use changes. To achieve this goal, we select a representative area in the Lordegan district, central Iran. 137Cs depth distribution profiles were established in four different hillslope positions after converting natural oak forests to rainfed farming. In each hillslope, soil samples from three depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–50 cm) and in four different slope positions (summit, shoulder, backslope, and footslope) were taken in three transects of about 20 m away from each other. The activity of 137Cs was determined in all the soil samples (72 soil samples) by a gamma spectrometer. In addition, some physicochemical properties and the magnetic susceptibility (MS) of soil samples were measured. Results Erosion rates reached 51.1 t·ha− 1·yr− 1 in rainfed farming, whereas in the natural forest, the erosion rate was 9.3 t·ha− 1·yr− 1. Magnetic susceptibility was considerably lower in the cultivated land (χhf = 43.5 × 10− 8 m3·kg− 1) than in the natural forest (χhf = 55.1 × 10− 8 m3·kg− 1). The lower soil erosion rate in the natural forest land indicated significantly higher MS in all landform positions except at the summit one, compared to that in the rainfed farming land. The shoulder and summit positions were the most erodible hillslope positions in the natural forest and rainfed farming, respectively. Conclusions We concluded that land-use change and hillslope positions played a key role in eroding the surface soils in this area. Moreover, land management can influence soil erosion intensity and may both mitigate and amplify soil loss.

EXTRACTION OF BORON FROM CSSC REFERENCE SOILS BY HOT WATER, DILUTE CaCl2 AND MANNITOL-CaCl2 SOLUTIONS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. SCHUPPLI
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Reference Soil ◽  
Highly Correlated

Soils were extracted by hot water, dilute CaCl2, and by mannitol-CaCl2 solutions and boron was determined by either azomethine-H or the curcumin method. Results were strongly method dependent; in particular results by the simplest method, mannitol-CaCl2, were generally lower and not highly correlated (r = 0.64) with those by the recommended procedure. This procedure involves extraction with hot distilled H2O (2:1 solution:soil), centrifugation, filtration, color development with azomethine-H and correction for background color. Extractable boron values by this procedure ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 mg kg−1. Background color can be further reduced by the substitution of 0.02 M CaCl2 for distilled water. Key words: CSSC reference soil samples, hot-water-soluble boron

scholarly journals Factors of soil diversity in the Batumi delta (Georgia)

Solid Earth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bülent Turgut ◽  
Merve Ateş
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine certain basic properties of soils in the Batumi delta (southwestern Georgia) to determine the relationships of studied properties and to identify differences with regards to these properties between different sampling sites in the delta that were selected based on the delta morphology. In this context, a total of 125 soil samples were collected from five different sampling sites, and the clay, silt and sand content of the samples were determined along with their mean weight diameter (MWD) values, aggregate stability (AS) values, amount of water retained under −33 (FC) and −1500 kPa (WP) pressure and organic matter (OM) content. Correlation analysis indicated that clay content and OM were positively correlated with MWD, and OM was positively correlated with AS. However, the sand content was found to be negatively correlated with MWD. In addition, clay, silt and OM content were positive correlated with FC and WP. Variance analysis results determined statistically significant differences between the sampling sites with respect to all of the evaluated properties. The active delta section of the study area was characterized by high sand content, while the lower delta plain was characterized by high OM and AS values, and the upper delta plain was characterized by high MWD values, high FC and WP moisture content levels and high clay and silt content. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the examined properties were significantly affected by the different morphological positions and usages of these different areas. These results may help with the management of agricultural lands in the Batumi delta, which has never been studied before.

A SOIL SAMPLING PROCEDURE FOR MICROMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. WIRES ◽  
B. H. SHELDRICK
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Undisturbed Soil

An inexpensive, lightweight adjustable hydraulic sampling system is described for obtaining "undisturbed" Kubiena box samples, in relatively stone-free mineral soil, for thin-section preparation. Key words: Hydraulic sampling, undisturbed soil samples, thin section

Magnetic properties of soils in a designated Natura area (GR4310010, Giouchtas Mountain)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. SAB33-SAB42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Kokinou
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Recent Sediments ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

The magnetic behavior of the geologic formations around the Giouchtas or Juchtas Mountain (Mt.) in Central Crete, Greece, has been studied. The magnetic parameters (magnetic susceptibility [MS] and temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility) of 160 surface soil samples were interpreted based on available information (e.g., topographic, geologic, and historical) for the area of study. The soil samples have been collected from the low- and high-elevation regions of Giouchtas Mt. The low-elevation region, surrounding a north–south asymmetric ridge (strongly affected by the tectonic activity), is mainly covered by Miocene and recent sediments, whereas the high-elevation region is dominated by limestones. Differences in the spatial distribution of the MS and the thermomagnetic behavior of the soil samples indicated the strong influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the geologic formations.

TOTAL FLUORINE IN CSSC REFERENCE SOIL SAMPLES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. SCHUPPLI
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nitric Acid Solution ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Reference Soil ◽  
Lithium Metaborate ◽  
Canadian Soils ◽  
Fluoride Electrode

Total fluorine was measured in a variety of Canadian soils using the lithium metaborate-nitric acid solution technique in conjunction with the fluoride electrode. Total fluorine ranged from 90 to 1000 mg∙kg−1. Key words: Soil fluorine analysis, fluoride electrode, CSSC reference soil samples

Using 137Cs to investigate net soil erosion at two soil benchmark sites in Quebec

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Cao ◽  
D. R. Coote ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
M. C. Nolin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates ◽  
Small Grains

137Cs in the soil was used to estimate soil erosion at two National Soil Conservation Program benchmark sites in the province of Quebec (sites 15-QU and 16-QU). The 137Cs baseline in an uneroded forest area was approximately 3100 Bq m−2. The 137Cs content at site 15-QU ranged from 1072 Bq m−2 to 6389 Bq m−2, while at site 16-QU it ranged from 663 Bq m−2 to 5444 Bq m−2. Computed net erosion over the past 30 yr at site 15-QU varied from a loss of 9.65 kg m−2 yr−1 to a gain of 10.88 kg m−2 yr−1 and at site 16-QU from a loss of 6.38 kg m−2 yr−1 to a gain of 1.73 kg m−2 yr−1. The average net erosion rates were 2.43 kg m−2 yr−1 at site 15-QU and 1.29 kg m−2 yr−1 at site 16-QU. Soil samples collected on a grid pattern indicated that 90% and 83% of the area at sites 15-QU and 16-QU, respectively, was subjected to net soil loss. A comparison of total 137Cs movement from eroded areas to depositional areas showed that 24.2% of 137Cs was lost from site 15-QU, while about 17.6% of 137Cs was lost from site 16-QU. Mapping of 137Cs content and calculated soil loss and deposition showed that soil erosion was closely related to topography.Under similar slope conditions, the soil erosion rates were 27–68% higher at site 15-QU than at site 16-QU. Higher tillage frequency and use of silage corn were the suggested reasons for the higher soil erosion rates at site 15-QU compared with site 16-QU, which had been used for hay and small grains. Key words: 137Cs, erosion, deposition, soil conservation

Magnetic susceptibility of a saprolite and a soil profile developed on pyroxenite at Mont-Saint-Bruno, Quebec, Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
C R De Kimpe ◽  
J. Dejou ◽  
Y. Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Fe Oxides ◽  
Ti Oxides ◽  
Opaque Minerals ◽  
High Magnetic Susceptibility

Magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurements were performed with a recording magnetic susceptivimeter on a pyroxenite and its alteration products, i.e., a saprolite and the horizons of a soil profile. Pyroxenite contains a relatively high percentage of opaque minerals that, under alteration, transformed partly into Fe oxides with a high magnetic susceptibility. In the saprolite and the soil, χ values varied according to depth in the profile, particle size, mineralogical and chemical composition. Significant correlations between χ values and Fe and Ti oxides indicated the importance of opaque minerals, magnetite, maghemite and ilmenite to the magnetic susceptibility of the alteration products of the pyroxenite. This method provided additional information on the intensity of the alteration of the rock, especially on the formation of secondary Fe oxides at the expense of the ferromagnesian minerals. Key words: Magnetic susceptibility, pyroxenite, saprolite, maghetite, maghemite, opaque minerals

Fractal characteristics of synthetic soil for cut slope revegetation in the Purple soil area of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingwei Ai ◽  
Zhaoqiong Chen ◽  
Peijun Guo ◽  
Lixia Zeng ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Purple Soil ◽  
Cut Slope ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Bare Rock ◽  
Rock Face ◽  
Structural Deterioration ◽  
Fractal Characteristics ◽  
Soil Area

Ai, Y., Chen, Z., Guo, P., Zeng, L., Liu, H., Da, Z. and Li, W. 2012. Fractal characteristics of synthetic soil for cut slope revegetation in the Purple soil area of China. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 277–284. Revegetation of the cut slopes formed during railroad construction can reduce potential hazards, improve the quality of the environment, and beautify the landscape along the railways. Artificial backfill soil is required to anchor the plant roots and satisfy the plant's moisture and nutritional demands on the bare rock face. The soil particle size distribution (PSD), fertility and stability of the reconstructed topsoils are affected by the soil type used as a backfill. In this study, a fractal method was used to characterize the PSD. The relationships between the fractal dimension of the PSD and selected soil properties, including soil moisture, bulk density, and organic carbon are discussed. Various soil samples were obtained from four different land-use environments in the purple soil area in southwest, China: a cut slope reconstructed from rock fragments (RF), a cut slope reconstructed with agricultural soil (AS), a naturally developed slope (NS), and a cropland used for growing Vicia faba (CL). Analysis of the soil samples revealed that: (1) from CL to RF, the sand content increased from 59.6 to 83.9%; (2) the fractal dimension of PSD ranged from 2.605 for RF to 2.725 for CL, being the greater the sand content and the lower the fractal dimension; (3) there existed marked linear relationships between the fractal dimensions and selected physicochemical properties of the soils. Therefore, the fractal dimension of PSD can be a useful parameter with which to monitor the structural deterioration and nutrient loss of the synthetic soils used for the revegetation of a cut slope.

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