Weather conditions associated with apple production in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Caprio ◽  
H. A. Quamme
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Good Production ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Okanagan Valley

An analytical method that generates χ2 indices of association was used to determine the "critical" levels of daily weather occurrences associated with annual variations in apple production (Malus domestica Borkh.) in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia over a 72-yr period, 1920–1991. The weather was recorded in the centre of the region (the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Summerland). High temperatures during flower bud initiation in June (≥30 °C) and during flower bud development in August (≥26 °C) were associated with poor production the following year. Low temperature during November, December and February (critical value range, ≤ −7 °C to ≤ −29 °C) was the main climatic factor limiting apple production. These time periods correspond to the occurence of historical winter injury events. Daytime temperatures ≥5 °C at times during January also affects apple production adversely, probably because warm weather leads to tree deacclimation. Daily precipitation in March (≥1.0 mm) was associated with good production years which may indicate a requirement for early irrigation. Production was favoured by mild temperatures during bloom (≥21 °C daytime, ≥11 °C nighttime) and adversely affected by both very low temperatures (≤10 °C nighttime) and unseasonably high temperatures (≥28 °C daytime) coinciding with the temperature requirements of pollination and pollen tube growth. Good production years were also associated with a lack of low nighttime temperature (≤5 °C) in spring, probably associated with frost in low lying areas. Hot, dry weather during August of the harvest year (≥33 °C daytime, ≤2 mm) had a negative impact on apple production possibly because of loss in net photosynthesis, lower fruit size or apple sunburn. Warm weather during harvest (≥17 °C daytime) favoured production, probably because of improved conditions for harvest operations and low fruit losses from autumn frosts. Key words: Malus domestica Borkh., tree fruit, climate, heat stress, spring frost, winter injury

Weather conditions associated with grape production in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia and potential impact of climate change

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Caprio ◽  
H. A. Quamme
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Okanagan Valley

An iterative χ2 method applied to 60 yr of records in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia (1930–1989) revealed that the main climatic factor limiting grape production (Vitis spp. and Vitis vinifera L.) was low temperatures (critical value range, ≤–6°C to ≤–23°C) occurring during late October, November, December and February. Daytime temperatures ≤–9°C during late November and early December benefited grape production, probably because it prevented vine de-acclimation. Detrimental effects of precipitation during late October were probably associated with the early movement of Arctic fronts into the region. Beneficial effects of precipitation in the form of snow were observed in January. During the pre-harvest growing season, except for a 2-wk period in July, high temperatures (≥26°C) were associated with good production, probably because warm temperatures are required for flower bud initiation and development. In contrast, higher-than-normal temperatures were not beneficial to production during the harvest year. Detrimental effects of high temperature were observed during July of the pre-harvest year and July (≥32°C) and early August of the harvest year (≥28°C). During the growing season, rainfall was sometimes unfavourable for grape production under irrigation, either because of associated cool weather or greater disease occurrence. Both temperature and precipitation were greater in the last 18 yr of the study than the prior 36 yr, especially during the late winter and early spring. The anticipated climatic change appears to favour grape production in the Okanagan Valley. Key words: grape, climate change, heat stress, winter injury

IDENTIFICATION OF K DEFICIENCY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA APPLE ORCHARDS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
E. J. HOGUE
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
First Time ◽  
Orchard Soils

K deficiency was identified for the first time in British Columbia orchard soils. Greenhouse-grown apple seedlings responded to K in soils low in available K. MacSpur McIntosh (Malus domestica Borkh.) had increased leaf K (above deficiency) and improved initial fruiting after surface applications of KCl in an orchard with low soil K. Key words: Potassium deficiency, apple, leaf and soil potassium

Influence of weather on apricot, peach and sweet cherry production in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Caprio ◽  
H. A. Quamme
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Prunus Avium L ◽  
Okanagan Valley

An iterative χ2 method that generates indices of association was used to determine daily weather occurrences associated with annual variations in peach (Prunus persica Batch.), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), and sweet cherry production (Prunus avium L.) in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia over a 72 yr period, 1920–1991. During September and early October of the pre-harvest year, warm daytime temperatures favoured apricot (≥ 26°C) and sweet cherry production (≥ 19°C), probably because this promoted flower bud development. High daytime temperatures (≥ 27°C) were detrimental to apricot production in August of the pre-harvest year. During the pre-harvest year, peach production was only weakly associated with daytime temperature. Precipitation adversely affected peach and sweet cherry production in the preharvest year indirectly by associated lower temperatures or directly by enhanced disease infection. The main climatic factor limiting production of these crops was low temperatures from November to February (critical value range, ≥ -13 to ≥ -24°C, nighttime temperature) that cause winter injury. Precipitation during this period, usually snowfall, mostly favoured production. Poor production years were also associated with low nighttime temperatures (≤ -2 to -5°C) in spring at the time the flowers are prone to frost injury. During the bloom period warm temperatures (≥16°C, daytime temperature) favoured Prunus production, probably because of the temperature requirements for good pollination and flower set. Rainfall during fruit development and harvest of sweet cherry reduced production because of rain-induced cracking. Daytime temperatures were detrimental to production of apricot (≥ 31°C) and sweet cherry (≥ 33°C to ≥ 37° C) during harvest. The anticipated climate change appears to favour Prunus production in the Okanagan Valley, except for increased rainfall on sweet cherry production. Key words: Prunus persica Batch., Prunus armeniaca L., Prunus avium L., tree fruit, climate, heat stress, spring frost, winter injury

scholarly journals Watercore in Apple Landraces (Malus domestica Borkh.) as a quality indicator

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Alberto Arnal
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Traditional Cultivars ◽  
Apple Production

Watercore is the presence of a vitrified texture intruded in the pulp of the fruit. It is found in fruits from different genus and families; and it has been studied in apples. Watercore was described, in apples, as a texture with differential sensorial characteristics in relationship with the ordinary pulp, and its presence is currently considered a defect in apple production, causing economic losses. In this study, it is described as a dichotomous descriptor. We analysed 641 apples from a region belonging to Central Spain (Guadarrama mountain range and the close Tagus Basin River); it was found that around 30% of those apples shown this characteristic, being practically all of them from landraces. Studies related to traditional cultivars do not analyze such characteristic, considered up today as a defect. Nevertheless, we discuss that watercore can have some potential as it gives to apple a distinct appearance and aroma, all of them of value in differential quality and international seal protection. As a result, we conclude our preliminary analysis that it is highly recommended to take into consideration watercore as a descriptor in apple characterizations.

Effect of soil compost application on the dry matter and Ca contents of the leaves in an organic apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-328
Author(s):  
Anita Szabó ◽  
Ádám Csihon ◽  
Andrea Balla-Kovács ◽  
István Gonda ◽  
Imre Vágó
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Compost Application

Ökológiai termesztésű almaültetvényben eltérő komposztadagok (0, 10, 25 és 50 kg N·ha−1) hatását vizsgáltuk a talaj tápelemtartalmának változására (0–30 és 30–60 cm-es mélységben). Mértük az egyes almafajták (Golden Delicious és Pinova) levelének szárazanyag- és Ca-tartalmát, továbbá vizsgáltuk e paraméterek alakulásának egymáshoz való viszonyát.A szabadföldi kísérletet a Debreceni Egyetem Kertészettudományi Intézetének Pallagi Kísérleti Telepén, a talaj- és növényminták analízisét az Agrokémiai és Talajtani Intézet laboratóriumaiban végeztük.A 2011. és 2012. évi eredményeket összevetve lényeges csökkenés mutatkozott a talaj AL-oldható P-tartalmában. Az évek múlásával jelentősen nőtt azonban a talajban a nitrát-, ammónia-, szerves-N és CaCl2-Mg tartalom a kijuttatott komposztadagok hatására. Az AL-K, -Ca, -Mg, a CaCl2-P, -K mennyisége és a pH közel azonosnak mondható.Az első kísérleti évben (2010-ben) még nem volt hatása a komposztnak. 2011-ben már észleltünk hatást, de a fagykár miatt nem volt termés a fákon. 2012-ben a nagy termésterhelés mellett is növekedést tapasztaltunk a szárazanyag-tartalom alakulásában mind a Golden Delicious, mind a Pinova fajták esetében. Adott kezeléseken belül az eltérő termésmennyiségekkel, továbbá az évjárattal összefüggő tendenciákat fedeztünk fel. A rendkívül csapadékos évben (2010) alacsony, míg az aszályos évben (2012) nagy szárazanyag-tartalom értékeket mértünk a levélben. A Golden Delicious és a Pinova esetében kapott tendencia fajtától, kezelés- és termesztés-technológiától függetlenül hasonló.A komposzt hatására 2010-ben a Golden Delicious leveleiben kismértékű, a Pinova leveleiben szignifikáns Ca-tartalombeli növekedést mértünk. Az évjárat hatásáról elmondható, hogy csapadékos évben a szakirodalmi adatoknál magasabb, míg száraz, terméshiányos évben alacsonyabb Ca-tartalommal számolhattunk. Bár a Ca-szintek alakulása tendenciájában megegyezett a két almafajta esetében, mégis megállapítható, hogy a Pinova leveleinek elemtartalma nagyobb volt, mint a Golden Delicious fáké.A levelek szárazanyag-tartalma és Ca-tartalma között fordított arányosságot bizonyítottunk.

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