Use of constructed wetlands to process agricultural wastewater

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans G. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Constructed wetlands are emerging as a serious challenge to conventional wastewater treatment because of lower construction and operating costs, less requirement for trained personnel, more flexibility, and lower susceptibility to variations in waste loading rates. Water quality improvements can be achieved by removal of plant nutrients, such as N and P, organics (natural and manmade) as well as inorganic contaminants. Wetland treatment is now advocated by regulatory agencies and has been determined as the technology of choice by municipalities and industries required to meet stringent discharge regulations. These same regulations have not usually been imposed on the agricultural community, but deteriorating water sources will likely change this regulatory anomaly. Use of this technology in treating agricultural wastewater is still in its infancy with few, although rapidly expanding, applications. This paper aims to highlight different aspects of wetland treatment by exploring its use for the treatment of agricultural run-off as well as wastewater from the agri-food industry. It is concluded that natural wetlands will be quite limited in absorbing agricultural wastewater while constructed wetlands can be designed for optimum pollutant removal. Key words: Constructed wetlands, wastewater treatment, agriculture, food processing, nutrient removal, nitrogen, phosphorus, organics

scholarly journals Role of Wetland Plants and Use of Ornamental Flowering Plants in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Sandoval ◽  
Sergio Zamora-Castro ◽  
Monserrat Vidal-Álvarez ◽  
José Marín-Muñiz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
North America ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Wetland Plants ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Natural Wetland ◽  
Natural Wetlands

The vegetation in constructed wetlands (CWs) plays an important role in wastewater treatment. Popularly, the common emergent plants in CWs have been vegetation of natural wetlands. However, there are ornamental flowering plants that have some physiological characteristics similar to the plants of natural wetlands that can stimulate the removal of pollutants in wastewater treatments; such importance in CWs is described here. A literature survey of 87 CWs from 21 countries showed that the four most commonly used flowering ornamental vegetation genera were Canna, Iris, Heliconia and Zantedeschia. In terms of geographical location, Canna spp. is commonly found in Asia, Zantedeschia spp. is frequent in Mexico (a country in North America), Iris is most commonly used in Asia, Europe and North America, and species of the Heliconia genus are commonly used in Asia and parts of the Americas (Mexico, Central and South America). This review also compares the use of ornamental plants versus natural wetland plants and systems without plants for removing pollutants (organic matter, nitrogen, nitrogen and phosphorous compounds). The removal efficiency was similar between flowering ornamental and natural wetland plants. However, pollutant removal was better when using ornamental plants than in unplanted CWs. The use of ornamental flowering plants in CWs is an excellent option, and efforts should be made to increase the adoption of these system types and use them in domiciliary, rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals Role of Wetland Plants and Use of Ornamental Flowering Plants in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo ◽  
Josè Luis Marín-Muñiz ◽  
María Graciela Hernández y Orduñas ◽  
Antonio Janoary Aleman-Chang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
North America ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Wetland Plants ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Natural Wetland ◽  
Natural Wetlands

The vegetation in constructed wetlands (CWs) plays an important role in wastewater treatment. Popularly, the common emergent plants in CWs have been vegetation of natural wetlands. However, there are ornamental flowering plants that have some physiological characteristics similar to the plants of natural wetlands that can stimulate the removal of pollutants in wastewater treatments; such importance in CWs is described here. A literature survey of 87 CWs from 21 countries showed that the four most commonly used flowering ornamental vegetation genera were Canna, Iris, Heliconia and Zantedeschia. In terms of geographical location, Canna spp. is commonly found in Asia, Zantedeschia spp. is frequent in Mexico (a country in North America), Iris is most commonly used in Asia, Europe and North America, and species of the Heliconia genus are commonly used in Asia and parts of the Americas (Mexico, Central and South America). This review also compares the use of ornamental plants versus natural wetland plants and systems without plants for removing pollutants (COD, BOD, nitrogen and phosphorous compounds). The removal efficiency was similar between flowering ornamental and natural wetland plants. However, pollutant removal was better when using ornamental plants than in unplanted CWs. The use of ornamental flowering plants in CWs is an excellent option, and efforts should be made to increase the adoption of these system types and use them in domiciliary, rural and urban areas.

Area-based speciation kinetic analysis of the multipollutant removal in Constructed Wetlands to enhance its treatment efficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
First Order ◽  
Present Study Area

In the present study area-based, pollutant removal kinetic analysis was considered using the Zero-order, first-order decay and efficiency loss (EL) models in the constructed wetlands (CWs) for municipal wastewater treatment....

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF PHRAGMITE KARKA PLANT IN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shalini Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Wetland System

Wetlands, either constructed or natural, offer a cheaper and low-cost alternative technology for wastewater treatment. A constructed wetland system that is specifically engineered for water quality improvement as a primary purpose is termed as a ‘Constructed Wetland Treatment System’ (CWTS). In the past, many such systems were constructed to treat low volumes of wastewater loaded with easily degradable organic matter for isolated populations in urban areas. However, widespread demand for improved receiving water quality, and water reclamation and reuse, is currently the driving force for the implementation of CWTS all over the world. Recent concerns over wetland losses have generated a need for the creation of wetlands, which are intended to emulate the functions and values of natural wetlands that have been destroyed. Natural characteristics are applied to CWTS with emergent macrophyte stands that duplicate the physical, chemical and biological processes of natural wetland systems. The number of CWTS in use has very much increased in the past few years. The use of constructed wetlands is gaining rapid interest. Most of these systems cater for tertiary treatment from towns and cities. They are larger in size, usually using surface-flow system to remove low concentration of nutrient (N and P) and suspended solids. However, in some countries, these constructed wetland treatment systems are usually used to provide secondary treatment of domestic sewage for village populations. These constructed wetland systems have been seen as an economically attractive, energy-efficient way of providing high standards of wastewater treatment by the help of Phragmite karka plant. Typically, wetlands are constructed for one or more of four primary purposes: creation of habitat to compensate for natural wetlands converted for agriculture and urban development, water quality improvement, flood control, and production of food and fiber.

scholarly journals Natural and Constructed Wetlands in Canada: An Overview

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Kennedy ◽  
Tatiana Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Broad Variety

Abstract A review of freshwater wetland research in Canada was conducted to highlight the importance of these ecosystems and to identify wetland research needs. Both natural and constructed wetland systems are discussed. Natural wetlands are an important part of the Canadian landscape. They provide the habitat for a broad variety of flora and fauna and contribute significantly to the Canadian economy. It is estimated that the total value derived from consumptive and non-consumptive activities exceeds $10 billion annually. The past decades have witnessed the continued loss and degradation of wetlands in Canada. In spite of recent protection, Canadian wetlands remain threatened by anthropogenic activities. This review shows that more research on fate and transport of pollutants from urban and agricultural sources in wetland systems is needed to better protect the health and to assure the sustainability of wetlands in Canada. Furthermore, improved knowledge of hydrology and hydrogeochemistry of wetlands will assure more effective management of these ecosystems. Lastly, better understanding of the effect of climate change on wetlands will result in better protection of these important ecosystems. Constructed wetlands are man-made wetlands used to treat non-point source pollution. The wetland treatment technology capitalizes on the intrinsic water quality amelioration function of wetlands and is emerging as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly method of treating a variety of wastewaters. The use of wetland technology in Canada is, however, less common than in the U.S.A. A number of research needs has to be addressed before the wetland treatment technology can gain widespread acceptance in Canada. This includes research pertaining to cold weather performance, including more monitoring, research on design adaptation and investigation of the effects of constructed wetlands on wildlife.

scholarly journals CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 395-417
Author(s):  
Luna Al Hadidi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Constructed wetlands are wastewater treatment systems composed of one or more treatment cells in a building designed and constructed to provide wastewater treatment. Constructed wetlands are classified into two types: free water surface (FWS) wetlands (also known as surface flow wetlands) closely resemble natural wetlands in appearance because they contain aquatic plants that are rooted in a soil layer on the bottom of the wetland and water flows through the leaves and stems of plants. Subsurface flow wetlands (SSF) or known as a vegetated submerged bed (VSB) systems do not resemble natural wetlands because they have no standing water. They contain a bed of media (such as crushed rock, small stones, gravel, sand, or soil) that has been planted with aquatic plants. When properly designed and operated, wastewater stays beneath the surface of the media, flows in contact with the roots and rhizomes of the plants, and is not visible or available to wildlife. Constructed wetlands are an appropriate technology for areas where inexpensive land is generally available and skilled labor is less available. In this paper, a comprehensive review covered types, characteristics, design variation and considerations, limitations, and the advantages and disadvantages of constructed wetlands.

scholarly journals Constructed Wetlands for Agricultural Wastewater Treatment in Northeastern North America: A Review

Water ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Rozema ◽  
Andrew VanderZaag ◽  
Jeff Wood ◽  
Aleksandra Drizo ◽  
Youbin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
North America ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater

Preliminary research on efficiency of organic substances removal from wastewater in selected constructed wetlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pawęska ◽  
B. Malczewska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Rural Regions

Protection of ground water is one of basic purposes of suitable development strategy. The technical infrastructure is one of examples of this strategy realization. However, in rural regions, that are characterized by housing dispersion, it is difficult to construct conventional sewage system. This problem has to do with violent changes of wastewater discharge and effluent concentration as well as economic resources. Constructed wetlands could be a good solution for rural regions. They enable waste treatment and protecting receiving water. Constructed wetlands work like a marsh and they act as biofilters removing environmental effluents from wastewater. They can be a solution for rural regions and allow rational and inexpensive method of wastewater treatment. The main purpose of this research was to determine efficiency of decontamination of organic pollution, expressed as BOD5 and COD. The data was collected from constructed wetlands in Kletno and Brzezno in order to extract design criteria for BOD5 and COD removal. The research was executed on two object assigned to popular touristic places. Constructed wetlands keep high pollutant removal efficiency on the same level all year round. The research was conducted in 2008. Constructed wetlands do not ensure high efficiency of treatment. Unsuitable exploitation is the primary reason for decreasing efficiency. Proper exploitation of settler (septic tanks) in constructed wetlands is responsible for high wastewater treatment efficiency.

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