Vine desiccation characteristics and influence of time and method of top kill on yields and quality of four cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Waterer
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Ranger Russet ◽  
Russet Norkotah ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
Vine Desiccation ◽  
Growing Conditions

Potato crops are typically flailed or chemically desiccated several weeks prior to harvest to promote tuber maturity and facilitate harvest operations. This study evaluated how yields and processing quality of several potato cultivars responded to mechanical top kill versus desiccation with diquat at four different treatment dates. The influences of year and cultivar on the rate and extent of vine desiccation were also evaluated in the chemically desiccated crop. The cultivar Ranger Russet was slower to desiccate than Russet Burbank, Shepody or Russet Norkotah, likely because of its larger canopy. Averaged over 3 yr and four treatment dates, flailing reduced yields of the four cultivars tested by an average of 4% relative to chemical desiccation of the tops. The yield difference between flailed and chemically desiccated crops increased if conditions after application of the desiccant favored a gradual die down of the canopy. Specific gravities of the chemically desiccated treatments were equal to or higher than treatments killed by flailing. Fry colors were not influenced by either the method or timing of top kill. Although chemical desiccation enhanced yields relative to a crop flailed at the same time, the dry down period required for the chemically treated crop was at least 3 wk in this study. By contrast, crops killed by flailing are ready for harvest immediately, as long as skin set is not critical. Early in the season, if flailing allowed top kill of Russet Burbank to be delayed by as little as a week, the result was a 9% yield gain. As growing conditions became less favorable later in the season, there was little potential for yield gain by opting to flail instead of using the chemical desiccant. Key words: Diquat, flailing, Russet Burbank, Shepody, Ranger Russet, Russet Norkotah

Potato Variety Tolerance to Flumioxazin and Sulfentrazone

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela J. S. Hutchinson ◽  
Rick A. Boydston ◽  
Corey V. Ransom ◽  
Dennis J. Tonks ◽  
Brent R. Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Potato Variety ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Ranger Russet ◽  
Russet Norkotah ◽  
Early Injury ◽  
Russet Burbank Tuber ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Significant Injury

Field studies were conducted at Aberdeen, ID; Ontario, OR; and Paterson, WA, to evaluate potato tolerance to flumioxazin and sulfentrazone. In ‘Russet Burbank’ tolerance trials conducted in 2000 at ID, OR, and WA, sulfentrazone applied preemergence (PRE) at rates ranging from 105 to 280 g ai/ha caused significant injury consisting of stunting, leaf discoloration-blackening, and/or leaf malformation-crinkling at 4 wk after treatment (WAT). By 12 WAT, injury was ≤5%. At 4 WAT, flumioxazin applied PRE at 105 and 140 g ai/ha resulted in injury, whereas 53 g ai/ha did not cause significant injury. At 12 WAT, no visual injury was present at the ID site, whereas flumioxazin at 140 g/ha was still causing injury in WA. Regardless of initial injury, Russet Burbank tuber yields at ID, OR, and WA were not reduced as a result of any flumioxazin or sulfentrazone treatment compared with the nontreated controls. In potato variety tolerance trials conducted at ID in 2000 and at WA in 2002 with Russet Burbank, ‘Ranger Russet’, ‘Russet Norkotah’, and ‘Shepody’ and at ID in 2002 with those varieties plus ‘Alturas’ and ‘Bannock Russet’, early season injury caused by flumioxazin or sulfentrazone applied PRE at rates as high as 210 g ai/ha or 280 g/ha, respectively, occurred, but variety tuber yields were not reduced compared with nontreated control yields. In contrast, at ID in 2001, early injury caused by flumioxazin or sulfentrazone applied PRE at 105 or 210 g/ha translated to tuber yield reductions of all six varieties tested compared with the nontreated controls. At WA in 2001, Ranger Russet tuber yields were reduced by PRE applications of flumioxazin at 53 to 140 g/ha or sulfentrazone at 105 to 280 g/ha, and Shepody total tuber yields were reduced by all rates of PRE-applied sulfentrazone. Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah tuber yields were unaffected by either herbicide. Unusual heat stress occurring early in the 2001 growing season at both locations may have compounded the effects of herbicide injury and, consequently, tuber yields were reduced in 2001, whereas injury occurring in 2000 or 2002 during relatively normal growing conditions did not translate to yield reductions.

scholarly journals Responses of Aphid Vectors of Potato leaf roll virus to Potato Varieties

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1812-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaonpius Mondal ◽  
Erik J. Wenninger ◽  
Pamela J.S. Hutchinson ◽  
Jonathan L. Whitworth ◽  
Deepak Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Ranger Russet ◽  
Russet Norkotah ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Aphid Abundance

Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) can reduce tuber yield and quality in potato. Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulzer]) and potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae [Thomas]) are the two most important potato-colonizing PLRV vectors in the Pacific Northwest. We compared My. persicae and Ma. euphorbiae densities and PLRV incidences among potato varieties in the field to clarify the relationships between aphid abundance and PLRV incidence in plants. Aphids were sampled weekly over three years in the potato varieties Russet Burbank, Ranger Russet, and Russet Norkotah in a replicated field trial. In all years, My. persicae was more abundant than Ma. euphorbiae, representing at least 97% of samples. My. persicae densities did not differ among potato varieties across years; very low numbers of Ma. euphorbiae precluded such statistical comparisons for this species. PLRV infection did not differ significantly among potato varieties, although the percent of PLRV-infected plants differed among years when all varieties were combined (46% in 2013, 29% in 2011, 13% in 2012). For Ranger Russet and Russet Norkotah, PLRV incidence was positively correlated with aphid abundance as well as proportion of PLRV-positive aphids. In Russet Burbank, only aphid abundance was positively correlated with PLRV infection. Our results suggest that the three most commonly grown potato varieties in our region do not differ in their susceptibility to PLRV infection, and that aphid density was a consistent indicator of the risk of infection by this virus across varieties. Both of these findings can be used to hone PLRV monitoring and modeling efforts.

Effect of rate and timing of potassium chloride application on the yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Russet Burbank’)

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona M. Mohr ◽  
Dale J. Tomasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Soil Test K

Mohr, R. M. and Tomasiewicz, D. J. 2012. Effect of rate and timing of potassium chloride application on the yield and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Russet Burbank’). Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 783–794. Potassium is frequently applied to irrigated potato in Manitoba. Field experiments were conducted at two sites in each of 2006, 2007 and 2008 to assess effects of rate and timing of potassium chloride (KCl) application on the yield, quality, and nutrient status of irrigated potato (Solanum tuberosum ‘Russet Burbank’) in southern Manitoba. Preplant application of KCl increased total and marketable yield at one site, and tended (0.05<P ≤ 0.10) to increase total and marketable yield at three additional sites. At three of the four K-responsive sites, soil test K levels were <200 mg NH4OAc-extractable K kg−1, the level below which K fertilizer is recommended based on existing guidelines. Effects of timing of KCl application on total and marketable yield were limited although, averaged across sites, KCl applied at hilling reduced the yield of small tubers (<85 g) and increased the proportion of larger tubers (170 to 340 g) compared with preplant application. Averaged across sites, KCl applied preplant or at hilling reduced specific gravity compared with the 0 KCl treatments. Improvements in fry colour with KCl application were evident at only one site. Petiole and tuber K and Cl− concentration, K and Cl− removal in harvested tubers, and post-harvest soil test K concentration increased with KCl application. However, petiole K concentration measured 82 to 85 d after planting predicted only 24% of the variability in relative marketable yield for sites containing between 164 and 632 mg NH4OAc-extractable K kg−1 to 15 cm. Results demonstrate the potential for yield increases and specific gravity declines with KCl application under Manitoba conditions, but suggest that further research will be required to better predict the potential for yield responses using soil and petiole testing.

EFFECTS OF MEFLUIDIDE ON PERIDERM DEVELOPMENT AND STORAGE OF RUSSET BURBANK AND NORCHIP POTATOES

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-583
Author(s):  
M. K. PRITCHARD ◽  
A. J. SIEMENS
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Storage Quality ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Tuber Weight Loss

The effects of preharvest, foliar applications of mefluidide (N-(2,4-dimethyl-5-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amino)phenyl)-acetamide) to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants on subsequent periderm development and on storage quality of Russet Burbank and Norchip tubers were investigated. Mefluidide application caused adnormal periderm development in tubers of both cultivars and resulted in increased tuber weight loss during storage due to enhanced water loss rather than to elevated respiration. Treatment with mefluidide 5 wk before harvest resulted in greater tuber weight loss in storage than treatment 7 wk before harvest. After ca. 26 wk storage, sucrose content generally increased in tubers from treated Russet Burbank plants but not in corresponding Norchip tubers. Despite a perceived periderm enhancement, the abnormal periderm development which increased water loss in stored tubers would suggest that mefluidide has little potential as a preharvest treatment to reduce tuber damage and improve storage of Russet Burbank and Norchip potatoes.Key words: Potato, mefluidide, storage, Russet Burbank, Norchip, periderm

Assessment of the quality of tubers of potatoes of varieties of different ripeness group depending on growing conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-284
Author(s):  
R. O. Mialkovskyi ◽  
◽  
V.I. Ovcharuk ◽  
P. V. Bezvikonnyy ◽  
V. S. Kravchenko V. S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Conditions

scholarly journals Characterization of Streptomyces scabies isolates from potato tubers its pathogenic variations in Rawalpindi District

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Shazia ◽  
F. Naz ◽  
A. Rauf ◽  
M. Inam-ul-Haq ◽  
S. Bushra
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Streptomyces Scabies ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Important Disease

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has various biotic constraints in its production due to pest attack. Among these, common scab caused by streptomyces scabies is an important disease in potato which causes economic loss with respect to plant yield and quality of tubers. The present study was conducted to determine the pathogenicity, pathogenic variation, characterization of morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects of Streptomyces associated with potato tubers grown in Rawalpindi district. Severity data and pathogenic variation of disease was studied by using different isolation and characterization techniques.

scholarly journals Variability assessment of productivity traits and quality of berries in the genetic collection of garden strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) in the Orenburg region

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
E V Aminova ◽  
R R Salimova ◽  
O E Merezhko
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Productivity Potential

Abstract Nowadays the study of the interrelation of the genotype of strawberry plants in garden and climatic conditions is extremely relevant. Due to the various systems of genetic control and the modifying effects of growing conditions on the manifestation of quantitative traits, there is the need to assess the genotypic variability of economically valuable features, focused on the identification of genotypes characterized by stability and adaptive qualities in growing conditions. The study examined 15 varieties of garden strawberries of domestic and foreign selection. The field experiments and surveys were carried out according to the Program generally accepted in the Russian Federation and methodology for the variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops. We studied such features as the number of peduncles (pcs/bush), number of berries (pcs/bush), average weight of berries (g), total and marketable yield (g/bush), sugar content in berries, soluble solids and ascorbic acid. The purpose of this work was to assess the genotype-year interrelation in terms of the variability of productivity features and berry quality and to identify strawberry varieties with a stable genotype. As a result of two-way analysis of variance for the variety-year interrelation, the obtained values were 1.10-8.50 at standard Fst. - 1.24. Statistically important differences had indicators of productivity of a bush between the first and second clusters (t = 5.89 at p <0.01), the first and third (t = 15.83 at p <0.01), the second and third clusters (t = 8.13 at p <0.01), as well as the average berry weight between the first and third, second and third clusters (t = 15.50 and 6.99 at p <0.01, respectively). Significant differences in the value of the Euclidean distance were revealed for varieties Mishutka (54.5), Daryonka (54.5), Pervoklassnitsa (58) realizing their productivity potential in different years of cultivation.

scholarly journals Enviromic assembly increases accuracy and reduces costs of the genomic prediction for yield plasticity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germano MF Costa-Neto ◽  
Jose M F Crossa ◽  
Roberto F Fritsche-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Environmental Similarity ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Algorithm Scheme

Quantitative genetics states that phenotypic variation is a consequence of genetic and environmental factors and their subsequent interaction. Here, we present an enviromic assembly approach, which includes the use of ecophysiology knowledge in shaping environmental relatedness into whole-genome predictions (GP) for plant breeding (referred to as E-GP). We propose that the quality of an environment is defined by the core of environmental typologies (envirotype) and their frequencies, which describe different zones of plant adaptation. From that, we derive markers of environmental similarity cost-effectively. Combined with the traditional genomic sources (e.g., additive and dominance effects), this approach may better represent the putative phenotypic variation across diverse growing conditions (i.e., phenotypic plasticity). Additionally, we couple a genetic algorithm scheme to design optimized multi-environment field trials (MET), combining enviromic assembly and genomic kinships to provide in-silico realizations of the future genotype-environment combinations that must be phenotyped in the field. As a proof-of-concept, we highlight E-GP applications: (1) managing the lack of phenotypic information in training accurate GP models across diverse environments and (2) guiding an early screening for yield plasticity using optimized phenotyping efforts. Our approach was tested using two non-conventional cross-validation schemes to better visualize the benefits of enviromic assembly in sparse experimental networks. Results on tropical maize show that E-GP outperforms benchmark GP in all scenarios and cases tested. We show that for training accurate GP models, the genotype-environment combinations' representativeness is more critical than the MET size. Furthermore, we discuss theoretical backgrounds underlying how the intrinsic envirotype-phenotype covariances within the phenotypic records of (MET) can impact the accuracy of GP and limits the potentialities of predictive breeding approaches. The E-GP is an efficient approach to better use environmental databases to deliver climate-smart solutions, reduce field costs, and anticipate future scenarios.

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