The effect of container size on overwintering survival and growth of herbaceous perennials

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Svendsen ◽  
K. K. Tanino
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Perennial Plants ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Overwintering Survival ◽  
Almost All

The effect of container size on the growth and survival of herbaceous perennials (Artemesia, Lamium, Thymus, Echinacea Monarda, Gentiana, Penstemon, Stachys) overwintered over two seasons at two commercial nurseries was evaluated. Results indicate: (1) For most species, container size does not affect survival; (2) Container size was a significant factor in plant growth and in almost all cases, a larger container resulted in a larger plant compared with a smaller container. Plug-grown perennials may be fall planted in their final container size to maximize growth potential by the following spring. Key words: Low temperature, overwintering, storage, perennial plants

scholarly journals Evaluation of Structureless Overwintering Systems for Container-Grown Herbaceous Perennials

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Jeffery K. Iles ◽  
Nancy H. Agnew ◽  
Henry G. Taber ◽  
Nick E. Christians
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials

Abstract Five structureless overwintering systems were evaluated for temperature moderation and protection of 18 container-grown herbaceous perennials from low-temperature injury. Two light-excluding treatments; 30 cm (1 ft) of straw between two layers of 4-mil white polyethylene and 18 cm (7 in) deep, in-ground beds protected with one layer of 4-mil white polyethylene and 30 cm (1 ft) of woodchips, provided the greatest moderation of winter low and early spring high temperatures, but also resulted in severe etiolation. A bonded white polyethylene/microfoam overwintering blanket (thermoblanket) with translucent properties provided comparable plant survival percentages despite dramatic temperature extremes recorded beneath this cover and, in late winter, created an environment conducive to moderate plant growth without formation of etiolated tissue.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Climatic Impacts on Survival and Growth of White Spruce in Alberta, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Rweyongeza ◽  
R.-C. Yang ◽  
N. K. Dhir ◽  
L. K. Barnhardt ◽  
C. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Because climate has the greatest effect in determining the genetic structure of forest tree species, climatic variables with large effects on growth and survival need to be identified. This would enable proper matching of tree populations to planting sites in the present and future climates. We analysed 24-year survival (S24), height (H24) and diameter (D24) from a series of white spruce provenance trials with 46 populations and 8 test sites in Alberta, Canada. We determined: (1) the amount and pattern of genetic variation, (2) the response of populations to climatic transfer and (3) the potential effects of climate change (2030-2039) on H24 and S24 of the species in Alberta. We found that: (1) using the intraclass correlation, the between-population genetic variance was 10.6% (H24) and 6.6% (D24) of the betweenpopulation phenotypic variance across sites, (2) three climatic white spruce regions exist in Alberta within which variation in growth potential is strongly clinal, (3) the annual moisture index (AMI) expressed as a ratio of degree days above 5°C (GDD) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) was the major determinant of survival and growth at the test sites, (4) we found that at the level of AMI predicted for the 2030-2039 period, survival and growth would decline substantially in the continental part (northern and central) of Alberta where drought already exists. However, during the same period, survival and growth would increase substantially in the foothills and Rocky Mountains region where growth is currently limited by low GDD due to a short growing season.

scholarly journals Effect of Browsing, Seedbed, and Competition on the Development of Yellow Birch Seedlings in High-Graded Stands

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Gabriel Elie ◽  
Jean-Claude Ruel ◽  
Jean-Martin Lussier
Keyword(s):  
Major Effect ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Very High ◽  
Mixedwood Stands

Abstract Many hardwood or mixedwood stands of northeastern North America have been high graded in the past and need restoration treatments to bring them back to an acceptable level of production. Even when early seedling establishment can be secured, further development may be compromised bymany factors. This study looks at the effect of seedbed, browsing, and competition on the growth and survival of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) seedlings that became established after a brushing and scarification treatment applied in high-graded mixedwood stands of Quebec,Canada. The seedbed types studied include 1-m-wide scarified patches, 2-m-wide scarified patches, and mounds. Browsing impact was assessed by placing fences around half of the plots. Half of the plots were released from competing vegetation. Browsing by hare (Lepus americanus) was seenas a major factor controlling seedling development between 3 and 6 years after scarification. It reduced both survival and growth and obscured the effect of other factors. In the absence of browsing, competition had a major effect on mounds but not on scarified patches. Mounds were found tohave the best growth potential when competition and browsing were controlled. The scarified patches had the best growth when competition and browsing were allowed. Even though mortality was somewhat higher on scarified patches, initial densities were very high and still provide more seedlingsthan required.

scholarly journals Leaf Tissue Nutrient Sufficiency Ranges of Four Heuchera Cultivars by Chronological Age

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1751-1756
Author(s):  
W. Garrett Owen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Black Beauty

Coral bells (Heuchera sp.) are popular herbaceous perennials grown for their colorful foliage and venation and their aesthetic appeal in mixed containers and landscapes. Commercial coral bell production requires greenhouse or nursery growers to optimize production inputs such as managing mineral nutrition, thereby maximizing plant growth potential and foliage color. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum fertilizer concentrations, identify leaf tissue nutrient sufficiency ranges by chronological age, and to expand leaf tissue nutrient standards of coral bells grown in soilless substrates during container production. Coral bells (H. hybrida ‘Black Beauty’, ‘Cherry Cola’, ‘Marmalade’, and ‘Peppermint Spice’), varying in leaf color, were grown under one of six constant liquid fertilizer concentrations [50, 75, 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N)] with a constant level of water-soluble micronutrient blend in a greenhouse. Fertilizer concentrations for optimal plant growth and development were determined by analyzing plant height, diameter, growth index, and total dry mass, and were found to be 50 to 75 mg·L−1 N after a nine-week crop cycle. Recently mature leaf tissue samples were collected and analyzed for elemental content of 11 nutrients at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after transplant (WAT) from plants fertilized with 50 to 75 mg·L−1 N. The black- (‘Black Beauty’) and red- (‘Cherry Cola’) colored-leaved cultivars contained higher total N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) than the orange- (‘Marmalade’) and green- (‘Peppermint Spice’) colored-leaved cultivars. For instance, in mature growth, total N concentration for ‘Black Beauty’ and ‘Cherry Cola’ ranged between 3.45 to 3.63% and 3.92% to 4.18% N, respectively, whereas for ‘Marmalade’ and ‘Peppermint Spice’, ranges were between 2.98% to 3.25% and 2.78% to 3.23% N, respectively. Optimal leaf tissue concentration sufficiency ranges determined in this scientifically based study were narrower and often times higher than previously reported survey values for coral bells.

Inclusion of plant growth regulators into priming solution improves low-temperature germination and emergence of watermelon seeds

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Korkmaz ◽  
Iskender Tiryaki ◽  
Mehmet Nuri Nas ◽  
Nusret Ozbay
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Temperature Performance

The effects of incorporating plant growth regulators into the priming solution on low temperature germination and emergence performance of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai. cv. Crimson Sweet] seeds were investigated. Seeds were primed in 2.5% (0.25 M) KNO3 solution for 6 d at 25°C in darkness containing one of the following: 1, 3 or 5 µM methyl jasmonate (MeJA), or 1, 3 or 5 mM spermine. Following priming, seeds were subjected to germination and emergence tests at 15°C. Priming watermelon seeds in the presence or absence of plant growth regulators significantly improved germination percentage and rate at 15°C compared to untreated seeds, which failed to germinate. Seeds primed in KNO3 solution containing 1 or 3 µM of MeJA had significantly higher germination percentages, 96 and 85%, respectively, compared to seeds primed in KNO3 only (69%). Germination rate and synchrony were improved by 1 and 3 µM of MeJA added to the priming solution. Emergence was enhanced by priming seeds in the presence of 1 µM (75%) and 3 µM (63%) MeJA compared to seeds primed in KNO3 solution, (35%) while non-primed seeds were unable to emerge at 15°C. Inclusion of spermine at all three concentrations into the priming solution did not significantly improve germination and emergence characteristics of watermelon seeds compared to seeds that were primed in KNO3 solution only. Therefore, priming watermelon seeds in 1 or 3 µM of MeJA incorporated into the KNO3 solution can be used as an effective method to improve low temperature performance of watermelon seeds. Key words: Watermelon, methyl jasmonate, polyamines, germination, emergence.

Survival and Growth Potential of Aeromonas hydrophila in Reconditioned Pork-Processing-Plant Water†

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL A. PALUMBO ◽  
JEFFREY CALL ◽  
BINH HUYNH ◽  
JOSEPH FANELLI
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Survival And Growth

The growth and survival of Aeromonas hydrophila K144 was studied in reconditioned pork-processing-plant water. Neutralization of residual chlorine by thiosulfate permitted growth and long-term survival of the bacterium at temperatures ranging from 5 to 28°C; growth was also observed at 37 and 42°C but survival times were shorter. The coliform growth response, a bioassay system to measure the amount of nutrients available for microbial growth, for the reconditioned water was 2.91 ± 0.61, which agreed with our observation that this water contained sufficient nutrients to support about 3 log units of growth of A. hydrophila. Our results indicate that residual chlorine levels are necessary to prevent the growth of any A. hydrophila which might contaminate reconditioned water.

scholarly journals The impact of multifactorial stress combination on plant growth and survival

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara I. Zandalinas ◽  
Soham Sengupta ◽  
Felix B. Fritschi ◽  
Rajeev K. Azad ◽  
Rachel Nechushtai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Root Growth Potential and Microsite Effects on Conifer Seedling Establishment in Northern Idaho

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Reely ◽  
Andrew S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Neighborhood Conditions ◽  
Seedling Performance ◽  
Survival And Growth

Environmental conditions and seedling quality interact to produce complex patterns of seedling survival and growth. Root growth potential (RGP) is one metric of seedling quality that can be rapidly measured prior to planting, but the correlation of RGP and seedling performance is not consistent across studies. Site factors including microsite objects that cast shade and competing vegetation can also influence seedling performance. We examined the effects of RGP, presence/absence of a microsite object, and competition cover on the survival and growth of three native conifers to the Inland Northwest, USA, over 5 years. We found that RGP had no effect on the survival or growth of western larch (Larix occidentalis), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca), and grand fir (Abies grandis) at a mesic north aspect site and a xeric south aspect site. Comparatively, the presence of a microsite increased the odds of survival by 37% for western larch and 158% for grand fir, while the absence of forb cover increased the odds of survival of western larch by 72% and of grand fir by 26%. Douglas fir was less sensitive to microsites and competition. The strong effects of neighborhood conditions around seedlings help inform silvicultural practices to enhance the establishment of western larch and grand fir, including planting seedlings near shading objects and competition control, while these practices may not be as important for Douglas fir.

Azim Azimzada’s attitude towards poetry of Mirza Alakbar Sabir

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Nəzrin Novruz qızı Məmmədova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Creative People ◽  
Graphic Art ◽  
Book Illustrations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
As If

The heritage that Mirza Alakbar Sabir left for us has always been a source of inspiration for creative people throughout ages. People who are engaged in fine art have always highly appreciated this work too. It requires too much responsibility to address Mirza Alakbar Sabir’s poetry, one of the most famous literary figures in world literature. As if the artists who addressed this patriotic writer’s poetry, feel the poet and created unique works with an inspiration that they got from him. It is undeniable that Azim Azimzada played a vital role in publicity of Mirza Alakbar Sabir’s poetry. Azim Azimzada’s all illustrations are engraved in people’s memory. Average spectators can perceive artist’s illustrations too. By looking through illustrations, it is possible to guess almost all poems that they are dedicated to. Educating people who are indifferent to education and waking them up from this ignorance was Azim Azimzada’s main goal. Artist’s illustrations differentiate with its harsh ironic spirit which is the main peculiarity of Sabir’s poetry. We can definitely see the strong influence of Sabir’s poetry in Azim Azimzada’s works. This is the reason why Azim Azimzada is usually called as Sabir of fine art. Literary approach of artists towards Sabir’s poetry has still been ongoing so far. Addressing Sabir’s poetry by most artists is the sign of love, respect and curiosity to Sabir’s works and life. Key words: Mirza Alakbar Sabir, book illustrations, Azim Azimzade, “Hophopname”, Azerbaijani graphic art, master of caricature

scholarly journals Hormesis with glyphosate depends on coffee growth stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO B. DE CARVALHO ◽  
PEDRO L.C.A. ALVES ◽  
STEPHEN O. DUKE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Almost All

Weed management systems in almost all Brazilian coffee plantations allow herbicide spray to drift on crop plants. In order to evaluate if there is any effect of the most commonly used herbicide in coffee production, glyphosate, on coffee plants, a range of glyphosate doses were applied directly on coffee plants at two distinct plant growth stages. Although growth of both young and old plants was reduced at higher glyphosate doses, low doses caused no effects on growth characteristics of young plants and stimulated growth of older plants. Therefore, hormesis with glyphosate is dependent on coffee plant growth stage at the time of herbicide application.

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