Osmotic adjustment in leaves of Brassica oilseeds in response to water deficit

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
E. Fogelman ◽  
Y. Itzhak ◽  
Q. Ma ◽  
D. W. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Influence Of Water

The influence of water deficit on water content (WC), total soluble solids (TSS), osmotic potential (OP), sugar content and osmotic adjustment (OA) of expanded and partly expanded leaves of Brassica oilseeds was examined. Nine canola (B. napus) cultivars (Karoo, Monty, Pinnacle, Hyden, Mystic, Rainbow, Surpass 300, Surpass 400, Surpass 501), two doubled haploids, one from Karoo (KDH) and the other from Monty (MDH) and one line of Indian mustard (B. juncea, PI-81792) were grown under glasshouse and net-house conditions. Expanded wilted leaves of Karoo and Monty absorbed excessive amounts of water per dry weight upon in vitro rehydration compared with control non-stressed leaves, resulting in underestimation of OA calculated on the basis of the relative water content (RWC). Hence, estimation of OA based on water weight per leaf dry weight (WC) was preferred. Young expanding leaves maintained visual turgor for 6-7 d after withholding irrigation, while expanded leaves on the same plants ceased to regain turgor overnight. The young expanding leaves exhibited greater accumulation of TSS and, consequently, more negative OPs compared with expanded leaves. Maintenance of OA after irrigation and turgor recovery was evident in both expanded and expanding leaves. Although OA under drought and upon turgor recovery varied within cultivars in different experiments, outstanding OA capacity, in terms of both magnitude and stability, was identified in the cultivar Hyden and in the doubled haploid of Monty, indicating the potential to select for this trait as well as to exploit variability for OA through haploidization. Key words: Brassica oilseeds, drought stress, osmotic adjustment, haploid lines

Harvest Field Sizing as a Technique to Remove Undersize French Prunes

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 452a-452
Author(s):  
Richard Buchner ◽  
Seeley Mudd ◽  
Bruce Carroll ◽  
Mark Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
High Sugar Content

Overall profitability is a major goal in successful prune production and a major component in any prune management system. Large prune crops in 1996 and 1997 have stimulated considerable interest in undersize fruit. Undersize prunes currently have marginal value and may represent a net loss because of costs to haul, dry, and to market order payments on low value prunes. One technique to control delivery size is to field size at harvest. Field sizing involves installing size-sorting devices on harvesters, which allow small prunes to fall out while valuable fruit is collected. Field sizing is considered a “risky” strategy because of the potential to remove prunes with economic value. During the 1997 harvest, 21 infield harvest sizing evaluations were made in prune orchards throughout Tehama county. The first evaluation occurred on 12 Aug. 1997, at the start of prune harvest. The final evaluation was done on 5 Sept. 1997, at the tail end of harvest. The objective was to sample throughout the harvest period to test field sizing under various sugar, size, and fruit pressure scenarios. The test machine was 1-inch bar sizer. Of the 21 sample dates, undersize fruit was clearly not marketable in 20 of the 21 samples. Discarded fruit averaged 133 dry count per pound. Only one sample out of 21 may have had market value at 86 dry count per pound. Although small in size, these prunes had very high sugar content contributing to their dry weight. In this evaluation, a 1-inch bar sizer did a good job of separating fruit with and without market value under the 1997 price schedule. As harvest date becomes later and soluble solids increase, the chances of sorting out marketable prunes also increases.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Apple and Cherry In Vitro Culture under Different Levels of Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1689
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kovalikova ◽  
Petra Jiroutova ◽  
Jakub Toman ◽  
Dominika Dobrovolna ◽  
Lenka Drbohlavova
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content

Drought stress is a serious threat. Therefore, improvements in crop productivity under conditions of limited water availability are vital to keep global food security. Apples and cherries belong to the most produced fruit worldwide. Thus, searching for their tolerant or resistant cultivars is beneficial for crop breeders to produce more resistant plants. We studied five apple (“Malinové holovouské”, “Fragrance”, “Rubinstep”, “Idared”, “Car Alexander”) and five cherry (“Regina”, “Napoleonova”, “Kaštánka”, “Sunburst”, “P-HL-C”) cultivars for their adaptation in response to progressive drought stress. The reaction of an in vitro culture to osmotic stress simulated by increasing polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration in medium was evaluated through the morphological (fresh and dry weight, water content, leaf area), physiological (chlorophyll and carotenoids content), and biochemical (reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content) parameters. Drought-like stress negatively affected the water content, leaf areas, and chlorophyll content in both fruit species. Oxidative status and membrane damage of plants under water deficiency conditions occurred to be important indicators of stress tolerance mechanism. Cherries exhibited higher hydrogen peroxide levels compared to apples, whereas their malondialdehyde values were generally lower. The overall results indicated wide tolerance range to water deficit among apple and cherry in vitro culture as well as among cultivars within single plant species.

scholarly journals In vitro screening of rice genotypes using polyethylene glycol under drought stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Akte ◽  
S Yasmin ◽  
MJH Bhuiyan ◽  
F Khatun ◽  
J Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Water

Five rice varieties viz. Binadhan-4, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-10 and Iratom-24 were evaluated in vitro under different water stress conditions. Several parameters such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content and proline accumulation were studied. Drought condition was created by MS medium supplemented with five treatments of PEG, with a control such as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of PEG. The highest germination (100%) was found in the variety Binadhan-10 under low water stress conditions induced by 1% PEG. Similarly, the highest percentage of germination was found in all varieties under control condition (0% PEG). The lowest percentage of germination was obtained in the variety Iratom-24. But under severe stress (4% PEG), the highest percentage of germination was found only in the variety Binadhan-10. Moreover, the variety Binadhan-10 was found to be the best at 4% PEG for shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, relative water content and also the best at 1% PEG for fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight. Water stress decreased relative water content and increased proline accumulation in rice. The highest relative water content was recorded in the variety Binadhan-10 and the lowest value recorded in the variety Binadhan-5. The highest proline content was obtained from the binadhan-6 at the highest treatment (4% PEG). Binadhan-10 showed the best performance almost in all the parameters under drought stress because of its own nature of tolerancy.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 128-135, 2016

scholarly journals Evaluation of different soilless media on growth, quality, and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown under greenhouse conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1388-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Al Far ◽  
Maher J. Tadros ◽  
Ibrahim M. Makhadmeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Soilless Media ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Growth Quality

This experiment was conducted during spring growing season of 2018 at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) campus in northern Jordan 32.4950° N, 35.9912° E. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different soilless media such as T: Tuff 100%; TP: Tuff + Perlite 50% each; TPS: Tuff + Perlite + Sawdust 33% each; and TS: Tuff + Sawdust 50% each on some of morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics related to the quality and quantity of seedless and baby cucumber cultivars. The experimental design was split plot with factorial arrangements and four replications. The measurements related to plant morphology: height, shoot and root length, shoot root fresh and dry weight, number of leaves and flowers, fruit quality: total yield, weight, diameter, hardness, length and numbers per plant. Fruit total soluble solids, the potential of hydrogen pH and electrical conductivity EC of fruit juice, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content and fruit water content, fruit and shoot biochemical content minerals, organic matters, fats, fibers, and proteins were also measured. The results indicated significant differences in both cucumber cultivars with respect to all parameters studied. Finally, this study concluded that using TS media for seedless cultivar is the best successful growing soilless media as well as the cheapest compared to other solid media used. On the other hand, using TP media for baby cultivar was the superior growing soilless media that was not expensive compared to other universal media. In addition, the TPS media showed minimum growth and low yield in both cucumber cultivars.

Polyol and sugar content of terrestrial plants from continental Antarctica

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Roser ◽  
D.R. Melick ◽  
H.U. Ling ◽  
R.D. Seppelt
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Prasiola Crispa ◽  
Windmill Islands ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Ethanol extractable polyols and sugars from the dominant cryptogams of the Windmill Islands, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, were characterized and quantified by gas liquid chromatography. Arabitol, ribitol and mannitol were the major low molecular weight carbohydrates extracted from all eight species of lichen analysed. Total extractable carbohydrate levels (20–60 mg g−1 dry weight) were comparable to those for temperate lichens. Extracts of four common bryophyte species were dominated by sucrose, glucose and fructose; little polyhydric alcohol was detected except in the liverwort Cephaloziella exiliflora which contained a substantial proportion of mannitol. Total carbohydrate levels in the bryophytes (9–60 mg g−1 dry weight) were comparable to those in lichens. The compositions of eight species of algae varied considerably. Prasiola crispa, Desmococcus vulgaris and Schizogonium murale possessed sorbitol as their main constituent and had extractable carbohydrate contents comparable to those found in bryophytes on a dry weight or chlorophyll a content basis. The one snow alga with comparable carbohydrate levels, Mesotaenium berggrenii, contained sucrose, glucose, glycerol and a number of unidentified compounds. The remaining four species (Oscillatoria sp., Chloromonas sp.1 and Chlorosarcina sp. 2 and Chlamydomonas pseudopulsatilla) did not accumulate comparable levels of sugars and polyols. Though the levels of these compounds were much lower in the Windmill Islands lichens than in maritime Antarctic species, their content with respect to water content (0.7–7 molal) was well above that at which cold acclimated plants accumulate these compounds (c. 100–500 millimolal), and which provide cryoprotection in vitro. In the case of the bryophytes and algae, however, the in vivo content was generally < 100 millimolal.

Solute accumulation and osmotic adjustment in leaves of Brassica oilseeds in response to soil water deficit

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifu Ma ◽  
David W. Turner ◽  
David Levy ◽  
Wallace A. Cowling
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Solute Accumulation ◽  
Dh Lines

To establish methods for improving drought tolerance in Brassica oilseeds, we examined the influence of soil water deficit on solute accumulation in expanded and expanding leaves. We assessed the contribution of individual solutes to osmotic adjustment (OA) and determined the effect of homozygosity on the variation of the expression of OA. Juvenile plants of canola (Brassica napus cvv. Karoo and Monty) and Indian mustard (B. juncea line PI-81792) were grown under glasshouse conditions. The 3 genotypes expressed similar magnitudes of OA in response to drought, compared with a 2-fold higher OA in expanding leaves than in fully expanded leaves. Drought-induced changes in OA of expanded leaves of all genotypes were largely due to the accumulation of nitrate (42−47%), soluble sugars (31−38%), and proline (11−14%). In expanding leaves, K+ accumulation was significant (23–27%) as was proline (17−22%), whereas nitrate and soluble sugars were less important than in expanded leaves. By comparison, ions of Na+, Cl–, and water-soluble Mg2+ and Ca2+ did not contribute significantly to OA. Proline was hardly detected in well watered plants, but sharply increased in leaves of droughted plants in direct proportion to the magnitude of OA (80 ± 7 mmol/MPa, r2 = 0.94). A comparison between doubled haploid (DH) and commercial seed sources of 2 B. napus cultivars showed similar mean values in OA. The DH lines had a 33% lower coefficient of variation in OA than cv. Karoo and 48% lower than cv. Monty among replicate plants. Proline may be a suitable ‘marker’ for OA in juvenile Brassica plants because of all the solutes measured, its concentration was directly proportional to the magnitude of OA across cultivars and leaf types. The use of DH lines will improve the precision in selection of genotypes that have the capacity to osmotically adjust under soil water deficit.

scholarly journals Changes in carbohydrates accumulation in Viguiera discolor Baker in response to water deficit

Hoehnea ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Fazani Esteves Sanches ◽  
Ana Paula Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Vanessa Pires da Costa ◽  
Maria Ângela Machado de Carvalho ◽  
Emerson Alves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Suppression ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Response To Water

ABSTRACT Water stress is an environmental factor that can regulate growth, limit production and lead to physiological and biochemical changes. Plants present a series of adaptive responses to drought, such as osmotic adjustment, in which carbohydrates play an important role. To evaluate the influence of water deficit on carbohydrates accumulation in V. discolor, the plants were divided into two groups: daily watering and water suppression for 14 days being re-watering after this period. Leaves and roots were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days, for ecophysiological and biochemical analyzes. Variations in carbohydrate contents in V. discolor showed a close relationship with changes in the plant water status, with higher concentrations of soluble sugars, total fructans, oligosaccharides, reducing sugars coinciding with the lower values of soil moisture and leaf water potentials and relative water content. In the tuberous roots, there is an increase in carbohydrate concentrations after re-watering. The increase of these low molecular weight carbohydrates is involved in osmotic adjustment and therefore acts to protect against dehydration.

scholarly journals Effects of Leaf Potassium Content on Growth Dynamics of Muskmelon and Developing a Coupling Model of Nitrogen and Potassium

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1397-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Yang ◽  
Lianzhu Chen ◽  
Ming Cao ◽  
Xuebin Zhang ◽  
Shaopeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Area Index

Nitrogen and potassium are two crucial nutrient elements that affect the yield and quality of crops. The aim of this study was to quantify the impacts of potassium on growth dynamics and quality of muskmelon, so as to optimize potassium management for muskmelon in a plastic greenhouse, and develop a coupling model of nitrogen and potassium. For this purpose, four experiments (two experiments with different levels of potassium treatment and planting dates, and the other two experiments with different ratios of nitrogen and potassium, and planting dates) on muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’) were conducted in a plastic greenhouse located at Sanya from Jan. 2014 to Sept. 2015. The quantitative relationship between leaf potassium content and growth dynamics and yield of muskmelon was determined and incorporated into a photosynthesis-driven crop growth model (SUCROS). Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The critical leaf potassium content at the flowering stage for muskmelon ‘Nanhaimi’ and ‘Xizhoumi 25’ were 55.0 and 46.0 mg·g−1. The result showed that the coefficient of determination (r2) between the predicted and measured values of leaf area index (LAI), direct weight of shoot (DWSH), direct weight of stem (DWST), dry weight of leaf (DWL), dry weight of fruit (DWF), fresh weight of fruit (FWF), soluble sugar content (SU), soluble protein content (PR), vitamin C (Vc), and soluble solids content (SO) of potassium model were 0.93, 0.98, 0.83, 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, 0.94, 0.94, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively; and the relative root-mean-squared error (rRMSE) were 10.8%, 19.6%, 30.3%, 21.1%, 11.9%, 17.2%, 13.9%, 27.8%, 20.6%, and 10.1%, respectively. The two ways of nitrogen and potassium coupling (multiplicative coupling and minimum coupling) were compared, and the multiplicative coupling was used in model development finally. The r2 between the predicted and measured values of LAI, DWSH, DWST, DWL, DWF, FWF, SU, PR, Vc, and SO of nitrogen and potassium coupling model were 0.78, 0.91, 0.93, 0.94, 0.83, 0.89, 0.92, 0.95, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively; and their rRMSE were 9.2%, 12.4%, 11.8%, 43.2%, 6.6%, 7.2%, 6.85%, 4.98%, 6.61%, and 4.35%, respectively. The models could be used for the optimization of potassium, nitrogen, and potassium coupling management for muskmelon production in a plastic greenhouse.

scholarly journals In Vitro Screening of Cucmis Melo L. Against Drought Mediated By PEG and Sorbitol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Nekoee Mehmandar ◽  
Farzad Rasouli ◽  
Mousa Torabi Giglou ◽  
Seyed Morteza Zahedi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Aazami
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Osmotic Solution

Abstract Water deficit in first growth stages of melon (Cucumis melo L.) in formation of first true leaves after germination can be a factor limiting production. The first step for resolve the problem is genotypes evaluation and identification of drought tolerant melons. An effective method to achieve the goal is use of osmotic solution in tissue culture. Responses of Iranian melon landraces to drought was evaluated using sorbitol at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 M or polyethyleneglycol (PEG 6000) at 0.009, 0.012 and 0.015 M concentrations, and MS medium without treatment as the control. Coleoptile length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, photosynthetic pigments, protein, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase were measured. The PEG or sorbitol decreased coleoptile length, fresh weight and photosynthetic pigments, and led to enhancement of proline and MDA. Contents of protein and antioxidant enzymes was completely dependent on genotype and type and concentration of osmotic material. The in vitro culture for screening and identification of tolerant and sensitive drought genotypes could be rapid, useful and effective, with sorbitol mimicing drought better than PEG. After in vitro evaluation, the genotype responses to induced water deficit need to be confirmed under field conditions.

scholarly journals Rootstocks and Plant Water Relations Affect Sugar Accumulation of Citrus Fruit Via Osmotic Adjustment

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham H. Barry ◽  
William S. Castle ◽  
Frederick S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Plant Water Relations ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Sucrose Hydrolysis

Citrus rootstocks have well-known effects on tree size, crop load, fruit size, and various fruit quality factors. Fruit from trees budded on invigorating rootstocks are generally larger with lower soluble solids concentration (SSC) and titratable acidity compared to fruit from trees budded on less invigorating rootstocks. Although it is unclear how rootstocks exert their influence on juice quality of Citrus L. species, plant water relations are thought to play a central role. In addition, the larger fruit size associated with invigorating rootstocks and the inverse relationship between SSC and fruit size implies that fruit borne on trees on invigorating rootstocks have lower SSC due to dilution effects in larger fruit. To determine how rootstock type affects sugar accumulation in fruit of Citrus species, controlled water-deficit stress was applied to mature `Valencia' sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb.] trees on Carrizo citrange [C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] or rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) rootstocks. Withholding water from the root zone of citrus trees during stage II of fruit development decreased midday stem water potential and increased the concentrations of primary osmotica, fructose and glucose. Sucrose concentration was not affected, suggesting that sucrose hydrolysis took place. Increased concentrations of sugars and SSC in fruit from moderately water-stressed trees occurred independently of fruit size and juice content. Thus, passive dehydration of juice sacs, and concentration of soluble solids, was not the primary cause of differences in sugar accumulation. Controlled water-deficit stress caused active osmotic adjustment in fruit of `Valencia' sweet orange. However, when water-deficit stress was applied later in fruit development (e.g., stage III) there was no increase in sugars or SSC. The evidence presented supports the hypothesis that differential sugar accumulation of citrus fruit from trees on rootstocks of contrasting vigor and, hence, plant water relations, is caused by differences in tree water status and the enhancement of sucrose hydrolysis into component hexose sugars resulting in osmotic adjustment. Therefore, inherent rootstock differences affecting plant water relations are proposed as a primary cause of differences in sugar accumulation and SSC among citrus rootstocks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document