Effects of duration of coverage with spunbonded polyester rowcovers on growth and yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Waterer
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Yield Responses

Transparent rowcovers installed at transplanting and removed as growing conditions improve are commonly employed to promote development of warm-season vegetable crops. In regions with a brief and cool growing season, short-stature warm-season crops such as peppers could potentially benefit from being kept under the rowcovers for extended periods after transplanting. This study examined the influence of duration of coverage with spunbonded polyester rowcovers on vegetative growth, fruit yields and degree of fruit maturity of bell peppers over the 1999, 2000 and 2001 cropping seasons in Saskatchewan, Canada. Eight-week-old transplants of several cultivars of pepper were covered for 6 wk or 10 wk after transplanting or for the duration of the growing season. All growth and yield responses to the duration of coverage were consistent across the cultivars tested. In 1999, extending the period of coverage reduced aboveground vegetative growth of the crop, otherwise vegetative growth was not influenced by the duration of coverage. During the relatively cool 2000 cropping season, the duration of coverage had no effect on fruit yields or the proportion of the fruit that matured to red prior to frost. By contrast, in the warmer 1999 and 2001 cropping seasons, fruit yields declined as the duration of coverage increased. Excessively high temperatures interfere with fruit set in peppers. These results suggest that the risk of exposing the crop to excessively high temperatures may be increased by extending the period of coverage into the warmer periods of the growing season. Extending the period of coverage beyond the standard 6 wk also required additional labor and occasionally exacerbated problems with weeds and insect pests. Key words: Rowcovers, microclimate, ripening, pepper, Capsicum annuum

Evaluation of biodegradable mulches for production of warm-season vegetable crops

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Waterer
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Soil Temperatures

While plastic soil mulches are widely used in vegetable crop production, removal and disposal of these plastics at the end of the growing season is costly and environmentally unsound. This trial assessed the field performance of several colors of corn-starch-based biodegradable mulches for the production of warm season vegetable crops (sweet corn, zucchini, cantaloupe, pepper and eggplant) over three cropping seasons in Saskatchewan. The clear and wavelength selective types of mulch most commonly produced beneficial effects on the rate of crop development and yields. This may be attributed to these mulch types enhancing soil temperatures, especially early in the growing season. There were no appreciable differences in the soil temperatures or crop growth and yield responses on the biodegradable mulches as compared with the same color of standard low-density polyethylene mulch. The biodegradable mulches were easy to apply and were readily incorporated into the soil at the end of the growing season. Although the clear and to a lesser extent the wavelength selective forms of biodegradable mulch tended to break down well before the end of the growing season, this early failure did not negatively impact the performance of any of the crops tested, as long as supplemental weed control was provided. Supplemental weed control would be more important for slow-growing, erect crops like peppers and eggplants than for the more robust and sprawling crops like corn and melons. Although the biodegradable mulches are more expensive than the corresponding standard polyethylene-based plastics, this added cost is more than offset by the costs to remove and dispose of the standard plastic mulches. Key words: Sweet corn, pepper, zucchini, eggplant, cantaloupe, Biotelo

scholarly journals Contrasting Rootstock-Mediated Growth and Yield Responses in Salinized Pepper Plants (Capsicum annuum L.) Are Associated with Changes in the Hormonal Balance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3297
Author(s):  
Amparo Gálvez ◽  
Alfonso Albacete ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Andújar ◽  
Francisco M. del Amor ◽  
Josefa López-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Pepper Plants

Salinity provokes an imbalance of vegetative to generative growth, thus impairing crop productivity. Unlike breeding strategies, grafting is a direct and quick alternative to improve salinity tolerance in horticultural crops, through rebalancing plant development. Providing that hormones play a key role in plant growth and development and stress responses, we hypothesized that rootstock-mediated reallocation of vegetative growth and yield under salinity was associated with changes in the hormonal balance. To test this hypothesis, the hybrid pepper variety (Capsicum annuum L. “Gacela F1”) was either non-grafted or grafted onto three commercial rootstocks (Creonte, Atlante, and Terrano) and plants were grown in a greenhouse under control (0 mM NaCl) and moderate salinity (35 mM NaCl) conditions. Differential vegetative growth versus fruit yield responses were induced by rootstock and salinity. Atlante strongly increased shoot and root fresh weight with respect to the non-grafted Gacela plants associated with improved photosynthetic rate and K+ homeostasis under salinity. The invigorating effect of Atlante can be explained by an efficient balance between cytokinins (CKs) and abscisic acid (ABA). Creonte improved fruit yield and maintained the reproductive to vegetative ratio under salinity as a consequence of its capacity to induce biomass reallocation and to avoid Na+ accumulation in the shoot. The physiological responses associated with yield stability in Creonte were mediated by the inverse regulation of CKs and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Finally, Terrano limited the accumulation of gibberellins in the shoot thus reducing plant height. Despite scion compactness induced by Terrano, both vegetative and reproductive biomass were maintained under salinity through ABA-mediated control of water relations and K+ homeostasis. Our data demonstrate that the contrasting developmental and physiological responses induced by the rootstock genotype in salinized pepper plants were critically mediated by hormones. This will be particularly important for rootstock breeding programs to improve salinity tolerance by focusing on hormonal traits.

Growth and yield responses of rice to carbon dioxide concentration

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Baker ◽  
L. H. Allen ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Yield Responses

SUMMARYRice plants (Oryza salivaL., cv. IR30) were grown in paddy culture in outdoor, naturally sunlit, controlled-environment, plant growth chambers at Gainesville, Florida, USA, in 1987. The rice plants were exposed throughout the season to subambient (160 and 250), ambient (330) or superambient (500, 660, 900 μmol CO2/mol air) CO2concentrations. Total shoot biomass, root biomass, tillering, and final grain yield increased with increasing CO2concentration, thegreatest increase occurring between the 160 and 500 μmol CO2/mol air treatments. Early in the growing season, root:shoot biomass ratio increased with increasing CO2concentration; although the ratio decreased during the growing season, net assimilation rate increased with increasingCO2concentration and decreased during the growing season. Differences in biomass and lamina area among CO2treatments were largely due to corresponding differences in tillering response. The number of panicles/plant was almost entirely responsible for differences in final grain yield among CO2treatments. Doubling the CO2 concentration from 330 to 660 μmol CO2/mol air resulted in a 32 % increase in grain yield. These results suggest that important changes in the growth and yield of rice may be expected in the future as the CO2concentration of the earth's atmosphere continues to rise.

scholarly journals Differences in growth and yield responses to Aphis gossypii Glover between different okra varieties

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.K. Shannag ◽  
J.M. Al-Qudah ◽  
I.M. Makhadmeh ◽  
N.M. Freihat
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Local Reduction ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Aphid Populations

The reactions of five commercial varieties of okra, <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>, to <i>A. gossypii</i> were evaluated under semiarid field conditions. Each experimental plant of varieties Clemson spineless, Clemson spineless 80, Lee, Perkins dwarf, and Local was infested 60 days after emergence by three late-nymphal instars of the aphid. The results showed that aphid populations increased constantly on the varieties, except for days 42 and 49 after infestation, attaining a peak at about the end of the growing season. Differences in aphid densities were recorded between varieties. The aphids were most numerous on var. Local, while lowest in number on var. Lee. Infestation by aphids on okra varieties reduced yield by 57% on var. Perkins dwarf, 56% on var. Lee, 24% on var. Clemson spineless, 21% on var. Clemson spineless 80, and 5% on var. Local. Reduction in the number of pods produced per plant followed the same pattern as observed for total yield. Aphids had not altered significantly the vegetative plant growth at day 37 following infestation. At day 66, a substantial decrease in shoot fresh and dry weights and also leaf area was evident on var. Perkins dwarf while on var. Clemson spineless only the leaf area was significantly reduced. Moreover, aphid-free controls varied widely in their growth and productivity at the end of growing season. Varieties Clemson spineless and Clemson spineless 80 produced the highest total yield and pod numbers, var. Local the lowest. The varieties Perkins dwarf and Clemson spineless produced significantly higher shoot fresh and dry weight, as well as leaf area, than vars. Lee and Local.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSES OF TRIPLOID WATERMELONS TO FERTILIZER SOURCE AND RATE, MULCH, AND ROW COVER

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1177e-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Earhart ◽  
M. L. Baker ◽  
F. J. Dainello
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Commercial Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Total N ◽  
Row Covers ◽  
Yield Responses

In a field experiment, fertilizer source (poultry litter vs. commercial), plastic mulch, row cover, and fertilizer rate (residual from 1990 study vs. additional) were applied in factorial combinations to determine the effect on vegetative growth and production of triploid watermelons. Litter (3.12 % total N) was re-applied at the rate of 13.2 Mt·ha-1 along with commercial fertilizer (6N-10.5P-20K) at 1.1 Mt·ha-1. Plastic mulch showed the greatest influence on vegetative growth and production variables by increasing vine length 26.1 cm, leaf area 61.8 cm2, yield 4207 kg·ha-1, melon number 741 ·ha-1, and average melon weight 0.8 kg, over unmulched plots. Plastic mulch with or without row cover increased melon number significantly when compared to plots without mulch or row covers. Poultry litter increased vine length, yield, and average melon weight 15.4 cm, 1971 kg·ha-1, and 0.5 kg, respectively, when compared to commercial fertilizer. Poultry litter in combination with row cover increased yield by 3864 kg ·ha-1 over commercial fertilizer with row cover, and approximately 2567 kg·ha-1 over poultry litter and commercial fertilizer without row cover. Additional fertilizer increased average melon weight 1.3 kg.

scholarly journals Seed treatment using rhizobacteria as plant growth promotion of two chili variety (Capsicum annuum L.)

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
Syamsuddin ◽  
Halimursyadah ◽  
Samingan ◽  
V Maulidia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chili Peppers

Abstract The research aims to find out the effect of pre-germination treatment seeds using rhizobacteria as plant growth promotion of two varieties of red chili peppers in the field. The experiment used a randomized design of factorial groups. Factors studied were varieties (V) and rhizobacteria types (R). The variety factor consists of 2 varieties namely PM999 (V1) and Kiyo F1 (V2). While the type of rhizobacteria factor tried consists of 8 treatment, namely, control (R0), Azotobacter sp. (R1), B. megaterium (R2), P. atmuta (R3), B. alvei (R4), Flavobacterium sp. (R5), B. coagulans (R6), B. firmus (R7) and B. pilymixa (Rs). Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so there were 48 experimental units. Each unit of experiment is represented by 5 sample plants. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and continued with DMRT test at real level α = 0.05. The results showed that vegetative growth and production of chili plants until the age of 45 days after planting in each variety is not dependent on the pre-germination treatment of seeds with rhizobacteria. But the varieties of chili plants used affect vegetative growth and production. PM999 varieties are superior to the Kiyo F1 variety. Pre-germination treatment of seeds using rhizobacteria is relatively effective in improving vegetative growth and yield of chili plants. Among the 8 isolates rizobacteria isolate Azotobacter sp., B. megaterium, B. coagulants, Flavobacterium sp., and P. atmuta relatively effective to provide an increased effect on the growth and production of chili plants.

Nitrogen and potassium nutrition of Australian waxflowers grown in siliceous sands. 1. Stem growth and yield responses

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Maier ◽  
GE Barth ◽  
MN Bartetzko ◽  
JS Cecil ◽  
WL Chvyl
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tip Growth ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Fraction ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield Responses

The effects of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) on stem growth and yield responses of Australian waxflowers were investigated. Experiments were conducted in commercial plantings at 3 sites in South Australia. Plantings of Chamelaucium uncinatum cvv. Alba (2 sites) and Purple Pride (1 site) and a Chamelaucium hybrid (C. floriferum x C. uncinatum), known locally as Walpole wax (1 site), were 3-5 years old when the study began in 1990. Nitrogen and K were applied at rates up to 160 g N and 80 g K/plant.year. Application of N significantly (P<0.05) increased stem growth, with the magnitude varying considerably between sites and years. Increasing the rate of applied N from 0 to 80 or 160 g/plant.year increased mean tip-growth of flowering stems of cv. Alba by 47.7% at site 1 and 137.1% at site 3, and of Walpole wax by 144.2% at site 2. In contrast, the effect on cv. Purple Pride was minimal. Tip-growth also varied significantly (P<0.05) between sites. Applied K did not significantly affect stem growth at any site. Application of N significantly (P<0.05) increased the yield of 41-70 and >70 cm stems, and total stem yield at all sites with variation between years and cultivars. For example at site 2 increasing the applied N rate from 0 to 80 or 160 g/plant .year increased total stem yield by 13.9, 176.2 and 77.6% in 1991, 1992 and 1993, respectively. In contrast, the effect of applying K was inconsistent. Application of N significantly increased the weight of prunings at all sites and yield of prunings also varied between years. Applied K significantly affected the yield of prunings at site 3, where application of 80 compared with 0 g1plant.year decreased the yield by 17.9%. For all sites, the mean ratios between total stem weight and total biomass harvested were in the range 0.68-0.82. The effect of applied N was only significant at site 3, where the ratio decreased from 0.76 to 0.57 when the rate of applied N increased from 0 to 160 g/plant.year. The effect of K was not significant at any site. At sites 1 and 2, and for cv. Alba at site 3, application of 80 or 160 g N1plant.year decreased mean stem dry matter by 8.0, 9.3 and 11.0%, respectively. Stem dry matter content also varied significantly between years at all sites. The effect of applied K was only significant at site 3, where application of 80 g1plant.year reduced dry matter content by 5.3% compared with 34.2% for the nil rate. Based on data for all sites, stem fractionation showed that dry matter yields (as a percentage of total stem dry weight), were in the order, woody tissue (3 15-49.9%) > leaves (22.1-29.2%) > flowers (15.9-25.8%) > tip-growth (5.0-21.9%). The effect of applied K on the yield of the different stem parts was only significant (P<0.05) at site 1, where in 1991 yield of the tip-growth fraction decreased. We conclude that to develop effective N fertiliser strategies for waxflowers requires knowledge of (i) soil type, in particular residual N fertility; (ii) annual vegetative growth cycle (i.e. periods of growth flushing); (iii) harvest period; and (iv) flowering time. For cultivars or hybrids harvested when vegetative growth is negligible (e.g. winter) N nutrition can be optimised, while for those harvested during periods of vegetative flushing (e.g. September-November) lower rates of N should be applied to ensure tip-growth is not excessive. Although yield responses to applied K were inconsistent, we recommend 20 g K/plant.year to ensure that productivity is maintained over the 5-10 years flowering stems can be harvested from commercial plantings.

A differential response of a two-row barley and a six-row barley to detillering under a restricted watering regime

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Yield Responses

The effect of detillering on the growth and yield of a six-row barley (cv. Beecher) and a two-row barley (cv. Schooner) grown under adequate and restricted watering was studied in a glasshouse experiment. The vegetative growth of both varieties responded in a like manner to detillering and reduced watering, but there were significant differences in the grain yield responses. Detillering reduced the grain yield per plant in both the non-stressed and stressed treatments of Schooner and the non-stressed treatment of Beecher, but had no significant effect on the yield of Beecher when watering was restricted. The experiment indicated that there may be genetic differences in response to detillering under some conditions and suggests that some caution needs to be exercised when using detillering experiments to predict the value of genetic uniculms.

scholarly journals Respuestas del crecimiento y el rendimiento en pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) híbrido Nathalie a un lixiviado de vermicompost bovino

2020 ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
José Lincoln Cedeño Guerra ◽  
Eduardo Fidel Héctor Ardisana ◽  
Antonio Torres García ◽  
Osvaldo Fosado Téllez
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Yield Responses

Growth and yield responses of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid Nathalie to a bovine vermicompost leachate Resumen El pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) es una hortaliza muy apreciada en el mundo por sus propiedades nutritivas, sus aplicaciones médicas y como condimento a los alimentos. En Ecuador se cultiva en varias provincias, y en todos los casos se utilizan altas cantidades de fertilizantes químicos sintéticos. Una opción es el empleo de bioestimulantes orgánicos que permiten producciones limpias. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo investigar las respuestas del crecimiento y el rendimiento del pimiento híbrido Nathalie a la aplicación de un lixiviado de vermicompost bovino (LVCB). Se ensayaron seis tratamientos experimentales: suelo sin fertilizar, fertilizante químico YaraMilaTM ComplexTM, y tres diluciones de LVCB (1:10, 1:20 y 1:30 v/v). Las variables del crecimiento evaluadas fueron la altura de las plantas, el diámetro del tallo, la cantidad de hojas y el contenido de clorofilas totales a los 15, 30 y 45 días después del trasplante. Las variables del rendimiento (longitud, circunferencia y peso de los frutos) se midieron en cuatro cosechas. Se calculó el rendimiento estimado por hectárea a partir del peso total de los frutos de las cuatro cosechas y el área ocupada por las plantas muestreadas. No se observaron diferencias significativas en las variables del crecimiento y el contenido total de clorofilas entre los tratamientos experimentales. Los rendimientos estimados de todas las diluciones de LVCB fueron similares a los obtenidos con fertilizante químico y superaron al suelo sin fertilizar. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el uso de LVCB puede convertirse en una alternativa sostenible para la producción de pimiento sin contaminar el medio ambiente. Palabras clave: pimiento; Capsicum annuum L.; bioestimulantes. Abstract The pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable highly prized in the world for its nutritional properties, medical applications and as a condiment to food. In Ecuador it is grown in several provinces, and in all cases high amounts of synthetic chemical fertilizers are used. One option is the use of organic biostimulants that allow clean productions. This work aimed to investigate the growth and yield responses of the Nathalie hybrid pepper to the application of a leachate of bovine vermicompost (LVCB). Six experimental treatments were tested: unfertilized soil, YaraMilaTM ComplexTM chemical fertilizer, and three dilutions of LVCB (1:10, 1:20 and 1:30 v/v). The growth variables evaluated were the height of the plants, the diameter of the stem, the amount of leaves and the total chlorophyll content at 15, 30 and 45 days after transplantation. The yield variables (length, circumference and weight of the fruits) were measured in four crops. The estimated yield per hectare was calculated from the total weight of the fruits of the four crops and the area occupied by the sampled plants. No significant differences were observed in the growth variables and the total chlorophyll content between the experimental treatments. The estimated yields of all dilutions of LVCB were similar to those obtained with chemical fertilizer and exceeded the soil without fertilizing. The results obtained suggest that the use of LVCB can become a sustainable alternative for pepper production without polluting the environment. Keywords: pepper; Capsicum annuum L.; bioestimulants.

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