Management of common scab of potato using planting and harvest dates

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Waterer
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Potato Scab ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Early Planting ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Tuber Grade ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The influences of planting and harvest dates on yields and grade-out due to tuber damage by common scab (Streptomyces spp.) were evaluated over three cropping seasons using two cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum) grown on land heavily infested with pathogenic Streptomyces species. Early planting and delaying the harvest enhanced yields in both cultivars, but also increased tuber grade-out due to excessive levels of scab. Delaying the harvest reduced marketable yields more than did early planting. The longer harvest was delayed after top-kill, the greater was the grade out due to scab. Increased losses to scab exceeded any increase in tuber yields obtained by delaying harvest. This study demonstrates that common scab of potato may be managed by minimizing the period the crop is in the ground, but that this method of disease management is achieved at the expense of yields. Early planting coupled with timely harvesting after kill-down of the tops appears to be an effective compromise between the objectives of maximizing yields while avoiding excessive grade-out due to common scab. Key words: Potato scab, Streptomyces scabies, Solanum tuberosum, agronomy

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Plant-Pathogenic Streptomyces Species Associated with Common Scab-Infected Potato Tubers in Newfoundland

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna K. Fyans ◽  
Luke Bown ◽  
Dawn R. D. Bignell
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Potato Scab ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Putative Virulence Gene ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Potato common scab (CS) is an economically important crop disease that is caused by several members of the genus Streptomyces. In this study, we characterized the plant-pathogenic Streptomyces spp. associated with CS-infected potato tubers harvested in Newfoundland, Canada. A total of 17 pathogenic Streptomyces isolates were recovered from potato scab lesions, of which eight were determined to be most similar to the known CS pathogen S. europaeiscabiei. All eight S. europaeiscabiei isolates were found to produce the thaxtomin A phytotoxin and to harbor the nec1 virulence gene, and most also carry the putative virulence gene tomA. The remaining isolates appear to be novel pathogenic species that do not produce thaxtomin A, and only two of these isolates were determined to harbor the nec1 or tomA genes. Of the non-thaxtomin-producing isolates, strain 11-1-2 was shown to exhibit a severe pathogenic phenotype against different plant hosts and to produce a novel, secreted phytotoxic substance. This is the first report documenting the plant-pathogenic Streptomyces spp. associated with CS disease in Newfoundland. Furthermore, our findings provide further evidence that phytotoxins other than thaxtomin A may also contribute to the development of CS by Streptomyces spp.

scholarly journals Promiscuous Pathogenicity Islands and Phylogeny of Pathogenic Streptomyces spp.

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 640-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucheng Zhang ◽  
Dawn R. D. Bignell ◽  
Ran Zuo ◽  
Qiurong Fan ◽  
Jose C. Huguet-Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Scab ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Streptomyces Turgidiscabies ◽  
Streptomyces Diastatochromogenes ◽  
Pathogenicity Determinant

Approximately 10 Streptomyces species cause disease on underground plant structures. The most economically important of these is potato scab, and the most studied of these pathogens is Streptomyces scabiei (syn. S. scabies). The main pathogenicity determinant of scab-causing Streptomyces species is a nitrated diketopiperazine, known as thaxtomin A (ThxA). In the pathogenic species Streptomyces turgidiscabies, ThxA biosynthetic genes reside on a mobile pathogenicity island (PAI). However, the mobilization of PAIs in other Streptomyces species remains uncharacterized. Here, we investigated the mobilization of the PAI of S. scabiei 87-22. Based on whole genome sequences, we inferred the evolutionary relationships of pathogenic Streptomyces species and discovered that Streptomyces sp. strain 96-12, a novel pathogenic species isolated from potatoes in Egypt, was phylogenetically grouped with nonpathogenic species rather than with known pathogenic species. We also found that Streptomyces sp. strain 96-12 contains a PAI that is almost identical to the PAI in S. scabiei 87-22, despite significant differences in their genome sequences. This suggested direct or indirect in vivo mobilization of the PAI between S. scabiei and nonpathogenic Streptomyces species. To test whether the S. scabiei 87-22 PAI could, indeed, be mobilized, S. scabiei 87-22 deletion mutants containing antibiotic resistance markers in the PAI were mated with Streptomyces diastatochromogenes, a nonpathogenic species. The PAI of S. scabiei was site-specifically inserted into the aviX1 gene of S. diastatochromogenes and conferred pathogenicity in radish seedling assays. Our results demonstrated that S. scabiei, the earliest described Streptomyces pathogen, could be the source of a PAI responsible for the emergence of novel pathogenic species.

scholarly journals Investigation of Streptomyces scabies Causing Potato Scab by Various Detection Techniques, Its Pathogenicity and Determination of Host-Disease Resistance in Potato Germplasm

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Sohaib Ismail ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Zohreh Nasimi ◽  
M. Inam-ul-Haq ◽  
Naoki Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Streptomyces Scabies ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Geographical Regions

Streptomyces scabies is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes common scab disease to several crops, particularly in the potato. It is a soil borne pathogen, a very devastating scab pathogen and difficult to manage in the field. Streptomyces has several species that cause common scab such as S. scabiei, S. acidiscabies, S. europaeiscabiei, S. luridiscabiei, S. niveiscabiei, S. puniciscabiei, S. reticuliscabiei, S. stelliscabiei, S. turgidiscabies, S. ipomoeae. Common scab disease harmfully affects potato economic and market value due to the presence of black spots on the tuber. Owing to its genetic diversity and pathogenicity, the determination of pathogen presence in potato fields is still challenging. In this study, S. scabies genetic diversity was measured by surveying five potato-growing areas of Pakistan during the growing season 2019. A total of 50 Streptomyces isolates, including S. scabies, S. acidiscabies, S. griseoflavus were isolated and identified based on morphologic, biochemical and molecular analysis. Virulent confirmation assays confirmed ten virulent strains of Streptomyces spp. On the potato cultivars Cardinal and Santee. Among the Streptomyces species, S. scabies showed the highest scab index, followed by S. acidiscabies and S. griseoflavus by exhibiting the scab-like lesions on potato tubers. Ten potato cultivars were screened against these virulent isolates of Streptomyces. The Faisalabad white variety showed the highest scab index followed By Cardinal, Tourag, Kuroda, Santee, Lady Rosetta, Asterix, Diamant, Faisalabad red and Sadaf. Moreover, genetic diversity and pathogenicity of Streptomyces spp. on potato tubers were also likely diverse in different geographical regions and also potato cultivars. This study represents a contribution to understanding the local interaction between potatoes and Streptomyces spp. in Pakistan. It will aid in supporting a solution for the management of this pathogen around the world.

Quantitative relationships among thaxtomin A production, potato scab severity, and fatty acid composition in Streptomyces

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 768-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L Kinkel ◽  
John H Bowers ◽  
Kyoko Shimizu ◽  
Eric C Neeno-Eckwall ◽  
Janet L Schottel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Potato Scab ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Potato Common Scab ◽  
Fatty Acid Data

Thaxtomin A production in culture, potato common scab severity (percentage of tuber surface infected or number of lesions per tuber), and fatty acid profiles were determined for 78 Streptomyces isolates. Only pathogenic Streptomyces spp. (n = 17) produced thaxtomin A in culture. Thaxtomin A production in culture (µg/mL) was significantly positively correlated with the percentage of tuber surface infected (R = 0.60; p = 0.017) but not with the number of lesions per tuber (R = 0.37; p = 0.17). An increase of 1 µg/mL in thaxtomin A production corresponded to an 11% increase in disease severity (percentage of tuber surface infected). The data indicate that quantitative information on the ability of a particular pathogen isolate or population to produce thaxtomin A may be critical to understanding and predicting the disease potential of that population. Using cluster analysis of fatty acid data, 94% of 67 unknown field isolates grouped with other field isolates having the same pathogenicity (plus or minus).Key words: thaxtomin A, phytotoxin, potato scab.

Varieties of Solanum tuberosum, subsp. andigena, as a source of resistance to common scab

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
RJ Conroy ◽  
RJ Jessup
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Potato Scab ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Resistant Varieties

High resistance to potato scab of two varieties of the tetraploid Solanum tuberosum subspecies andigena has been demonstrated in a replicated trial at Spring Hill in the central tablelands of New South Wales. The use of scab resistant varieties of this subspecies in a breeding programme would present less difficulty than the use of diploid or triploid species.

Impact of high soil pH on potato yields and grade losses to common scab

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Waterer
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Streptomyces Scabies ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Potato Common Scab ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The influence of soil pH on yields and grade-out due to tuber damage by common scab (Streptomyces scabies) was evaluated over multiple cropping seasons for potato (Solanum tuberosum) grown on land heavily infested with S. scabies. Soils with a native pH of 8.0 were adjusted to pH 7.0 to 9.0 using elemental sulfur as an acidulant and calcitic lime as the liming agent. There was little change in total tuber yields over this pH range, but the incidence and severity of scab lesions declined as the pH increased above 8.5. Marketable yields after grade-out to scab were highest at pH 9.0. This study demonstrates that in alkaline soils losses due to potato common scab may be managed by adjusting the soil pH to a point unfavorable to the scab organism. The economics of this type of pH change and its impact on subsequent crops need to be considered. Key words: Common scab, Streptomyces scabies, Solanum tuberosum, liming

Melanin-producing Streptomyces spp. respond to potato plant growth and differentially to potato cultivars

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Keinath ◽  
Rosemary Loria
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Potato Plant ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
Field Plots

Population dynamics of Streptomyces spp. producing melanoid pigments were monitored in field plots planted to the potato cultivars 'Chippewa' (susceptible to common scab) or 'Superior' (resistant), and in fallow control plots. Relative frequencies of streptomycetes most commonly isolated from soil, the rhizosphere, and potato tuber surfaces were determined during two growing seasons. Shannon indices of diversity indicated populations in soils planted to potatoes were more diverse than populations in fallow soil. In 1986, S. diastatochromogenes and S. longisporus accounted for ≥38% of all streptomycetes observed in all three environments. In 1987, S. diastatochromogenes was observed frequently in soil, while S. longisporus was observed rarely in all environments. Relative numbers of three Streptomyces spp. differed in the rhizospheres of 'Chippewa' and 'Superior' (P ≤ 0.05). This is the first report of a differential response of Streptomyces spp. to potato cultivars. Key words: rhizosphere, Solanum tuberosum, Streptomyces spp., melanin.

scholarly journals Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Streptomyces Species Causing Potato Common Scab in Uruguay

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 1362-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Lapaz ◽  
J. C. Huguet-Tapia ◽  
M. I. Siri ◽  
E. Verdier ◽  
R. Loria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Potato Common Scab ◽  
Genes Encoding

Isolation and characterization of common scab (CS) pathogen Streptomyces spp. from Uruguayan potato tubers and soil samples were done in response to significant economic losses due to CS on potato in autumn 2010. Seventy of the 331 isolates were classified as pathogenic owing to their ability to induce necrosis on tuber disks and stunting of radish seedling. Streptomyces spp. causing CS on potato in Uruguay were found to represent a range of different species by virtue of their diverse morphological and physiological traits as well as rep-PCR, rpoB phylogenetic analysis, and multi-locus sequences analysis. We identified isolates primarily as Streptomyces scabiei, S. acidiscabies, and S. europaeiscabiei. However, some of the pathogenic isolates still remain to be identified at the species level. This highlights the need for improved methods for discrimination among pathogenic Streptomyces species. The presence of Streptomyces pathogenicity island (PAI) genes was analyzed, including genes encoding for thaxtomin synthetase (txtA, txtB), tomatinase (tomA), and a necrosis protein (nec1). Among the isolates that were pathogenic, 50% contained the four pathogenicity genes, 33% had an atypical composition of PAI marker genes, and 17% did not contain any genes. The absence of the genes reported to be involved in thaxtomin biosynthesis (txtA, txtB) was confirmed by whole-genome sequencing of two representative strains of this group. This finding suggests the participation of other virulence factors in plant pathogenicity.

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