Response of silage corn and wheat to dairy manure and fertilizers in long-term fertilized and manured trials

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien N’Dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Silage corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown (1987–1991) in trials that had been manured and fertilized since 1978 to evaluate the effects of annual N, P, K and Mg fertilizers and dairy cattle manure on yields and nutrient uptake. Manure as the main factor was applied at 0 and 20 Mg ha−1 on a wet-weight basis. The subplots consisted of six fertilizer treatments: NK, PK, NP, NPK, NPKMg and the unfertilized control. For silage corn, fertilizer rates were 150, 100, 150 and 40 kg ha−1 N, P2O5, K2O and Mg, respectively. Fertilizer rates for wheat were 80, 100, 120 and 40 kg ha−1 N, P2O5, K2O and Mg, respectively. In manured plots, reduced N rates were applied for silage corn (100 kg N ha−1) and wheat (50 kg N ha−1). Silage corn and wheat yields and nutrient uptake were significantly increased by manure, N and K fertilizers whereas P and Mg effects were limited. A N-K synergistic effect on yields and nutrient uptake was observed both for silage corn and wheat. Application of K fertilizer significantly reduced silage corn Mg uptake without limiting yields, while it increased wheat yields and Mg uptake. Reduced N rates applied to silage corn and wheat achieved maximum yields and nutrient uptake in long-term manured treatments. Crop response to fertilizer application varied with crop species and was higher for silage corn than for wheat. Fertilizer adjustment is necessary after a long-term fertilizer or manure application. Key words: Silage corn, wheat, yields, nutrient uptake, manure, fertilizers, long-term, response to fertilizers

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake, use efficiency and productivity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in Keddida Gamela Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Godebo ◽  
Fanuel Laekemariam ◽  
Gobeze Loha
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia. The productivity of wheat is markedly constrained by nutrient depletion and inadequate fertilizer application. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizer rates on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and use efficiency during 2019 cropping season on Kedida Gamela Woreda, Kembata Tembaro Zone Southern Ethiopia. Factorial combinations of four rates of N (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg Nha−1) and three rates of K2O (0, 30 and 60 kg Nha−1) in the form of urea (46–0-0) and murate of potash (KCl) (0-0-60) respectively, were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that most parameters viz yield, yield components, N uptake and use efficiency revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) due to interaction effects of N and K. Fertilizer application at the rate of 46 N and 30 kg K ha−1 resulted in high grain yield of 4392 kg ha− 1 and the lowest 1041 from control. The highest agronomic efficiency of N (52.5) obtained from the application of 46 kg N ha−1. Maximum physiological efficiency of N (86.6 kg kg−1) and use efficiency of K (58.6%) was recorded from the interaction of 46 and 30 kg K ha−1. Hence, it could be concluded that applying 46 and 30 kg K ha−1was resulted in high grain yield and economic return to wheat growing farmers of the area. Yet, in order to draw sound conclusion, repeating the experiment in over seasons and locations is recommended.

scholarly journals Long-term annual fertilization with nitrogen and potassium affect yield and mineral composition of 'Fuji' apple

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Nava ◽  
Antonio Roque Dechen
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
The Mean ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
K Fertilization

Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are closely related to orchard productivity, since they are usually found in higher concentrations than others macronutrients in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) fruits. This research was carried out to assess the effect of eight years of soil additions of N and K on yield, fruit size and mineral composition of 'Fuji'/Marubakaido apple in São Joaquim, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. A factorial design was used with N and K annual fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, 200 kg ha-1 of N and K2O) replicated in three orchards from 1998 to 2006. Yield was estimated by multiplying the total number of fruit per tree by the mean weight of 100 randomly sampled fruit. Fifteen days prior to harvest, 24 fruit pulps were analyzed for N, K, Ca and Mg contents. Increases in yields were noticed in five and four years, due to the N and K fertilizer additions, respectively. Fruit size was more affected by K than by N fertilization. Fruit mineral composition was affected by both N and K fertilization. N concentration and N:Ca ratios were enlarged by N fertilization. K concentration and K:Ca ratios were also enlarged by K fertilization. Ca fruit concentration was reduced by N fertilization and often by K. Ca-related fruit disorders were not observed even after 180 days storage. However, N and K fertilization affected Ca nutrition. Thus, when fertilizing with N and K, it is imperative to use combined practices in order to offset the detrimental effect that these nutrients may cause on Ca concentration in the fruit.

Long term effects of fertilizers on grassland: III. Effects on some soil properties

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Heddle ◽  
K. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Available P ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Residual Values ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
N Rates

SUMMARYEffects of N as ‘Nitro-chalk’, P as superphosphate, and K as KCl and K2SO4 on ‘available’ P, K and Mg were examined over 14 years. The area was under grass/clover regularly cut 6 times a year.Soil pH was maintained by annual applications of ‘Nitro-chalk’ supplying an average of 4 cwt CaCO3 and 174 lb N per acre. Superphosphate supplying 43 lb P per acre per annum increased available P (modified Morgan method) appreciably even on plots where more than this quantity was taken off in herbage. Applied N also consistently increased available P. It was thought that this was because P in the root system was rapidly mineralized. Applied K consistently reduced available P because of increased uptake in cut herbage, with no apparent increase in root P for mineralization.The amount of available K in soils which received no added K was fairly constant over the period for a given N treatment. About 40 lb/acre/annum of K was released by weathering.There was a very marked interaction effect between rates of N and K fertilizers on available soil K, the large increase in available K where K fertilizer but no N was applied being considerably reduced with increasing N rates. These effects directly reflected uptake of K in cut herbage.Residual values of applied P, K and Mg on the respective ‘available’ nutrients were considerable and persistent.Available Mg was reduced by increasing rates of fertilizer N and by fertilizer K.

scholarly journals Effect on forage yield and nutrient uptake of long-term surface application of manure at various rates and times in the growing season to timothy grown on two contrasting soils.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon Rodd ◽  
Jason Wells ◽  
Sherry Fillmore ◽  
Erin L. Smith ◽  
Robert Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Boron Uptake ◽  
Manure Application

Although much of the manure in Canada is surface applied to forages, little research exists evaluating time of year (Time) and rate (Rate) of its application on forage yield and nutrient uptake. Field trials (10 yr) on two soils (sandy loam upland and silty clay loam dykeland) investigated this. Experimental arrangement was a factorial [Time (spring, summer, early and late fall manure applications)] plus control [spring applied ammonium nitrate fertilizer (ANF)] in a Latinized split plot. ANF at 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1; 0, 75, 150, and 300 as semi-solid beef (SSM) and 150 kg N ha-1 as liquid dairy manure (LDM), constituted respective splits. The Time X Rate interaction, later in the trial on the upland soil, showed higher yields and nutrient uptakes with fall manure application. There was little interaction on the dykeland soil; summer application resulted in higher yields at times. For both soils, optimal long-term application rate of SSM was approximately 150 kg N ha-1 while that of ANF was approximately 100 kg N ha-1. Inherent fertility of dykelands resulted in flatter responses to manure addition. Negligible and significant residual N occurred with fertilizer and manure, respectively. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, zinc and boron uptake was due to amendment impact on yield. Recommended is 150 kg N ha-1 of SSM or LDM applied in fall and summer to Maritime grasslands grown on upland and dykeland soils, respectively. Yield differences may not warrant producers adjusting timing of in-season manure application.

scholarly journals Macronutrients in Soil and Wheat as Affected by a Long-Term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization in Winter Wheat–Fallow Rotation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Shiwakoti ◽  
Valtcho Zheljazkov ◽  
Hero Gollany ◽  
Markus Kleber ◽  
Baoshan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Rates

The insights gained from the long-term impacts of tillage and N fertilization on soil fertility are crucial for the development of sustainable cropping systems. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of 75 years of tillage and N fertilization on macronutrients in soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tissues grown in a winter wheat–summer fallow rotation. The experiment included three types of tillage (disc, DP; sweep, SW; and moldboard, MP) and five N application rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha−1). Soil and tissue samples were analyzed for the concentration of total N, S, and C, Mehlich III extractable P, K, Mg, Ca in the soil, and the total concentration of the same nutrients in wheat tissue. Soil N concentration was significantly greater under DP (1.10 g kg−1) than under MP (1.03 g kg−1). The P concentration in upper 20 cm soil depth increased with increased N rates. Comparison of experiment plots to a nearby undisturbed pasture revealed a decline of P (32%), SOC (34%), Mg (77%), and Ca (86%) in the top 10 cm soil depth. The results suggest that DP with high N rates could reduce the macronutrient decline in soil and plant over time.

Long-term effects of fertilizers and integrated nutrient supply systems in intensive cropping on soil fertility, nutrient uptake and yield of rice

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAIK MOHAMMAD
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Available P ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Continuous Application

The long-term effect of fertilizers and an integrated nutrient supply system was studied in a rice–rice sequence for 8 years at Hyderabad in India from 1988/89 to 1995/96. Nutrient uptake and seed yield improved with increase in fertilizers up to the recommended dose of 120, 60, 40 kg/ha, N, P2O5 and K2O in the rainy and post-rainy seasons during the 8 years sequence cycles. The soil became enriched in organic carbon (OC) and maintained the available P while K concentration was reduced from medium to low status after 8 years. Integrated nutrient supply by incorporating glyricidia or FYM 15 days before transplanting the rice thereby substituting 25% nitrogen in the rainy season and application of only 75% of the recommended fertilizers in the post-rainy season maintained the overall mean yield at a level equal to that from the continuous application of the recommended fertilizer dose. The practice saved 30 kg N, 15 kg P2O5 and 10 kg K2O/ha in every season and improved the OC% and available P of the soil. The overall mean production of rice grain following the substitution of 50% nitrogen with glyricidia in the rainy season and fertilizer application at the recommended dose in the post-rainy season was also equal to that given by the application of the recommended fertilizer dose applied in every season and increased the OC% and available P of the soil. This procedure reduced the fertilizer dose in the rainy season by 60 kg N, 30 kg P2O5 and 20 kg K2O/ha.

scholarly journals Effect of long-term fertilizer application in maize crop growing on chemical element leaching in Fluvisol

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsetska Simeonova ◽  
Dimitranka Stoicheva ◽  
Venelina Koleva ◽  
Zofia Sokołowska ◽  
Mieczysław Hajnos
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Lysimetric Water ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Abstract The study characterized the regime of nutrient leaching under different nitrogen and phosphorus supply of irrigated maize grown as monoculture on Fluvisol for the period 1999-2008 and additionally studied in the years 2009, 2010, and 2011. The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of longterm fertilizer application on the leaching of nutrients from the soil under maize grown as monoculture. The experiment design included four nitrogen fertilizer rates (B1-control, B5, B4, B3, B2) calculated to compensate 50, 75, 100, and 125% from the plant N uptake, respectively. The field plots were equipped with lysimeters (at 50 and 100 cm depth) for studying the relationship between the applied fertilizer rates and the nutrient concentrations in the lysimetric water. The greatest nitrogen concentration in lysimetric water was observed under variant (B3-N200 P150) throughout the study period and the highest N losses were registered (36 kg ha-1) in 2010 under the same treatment (B3). A very good correlation was found between the N rates, calcium, and magnesium losses. Lysimetric water component compensation shows that agricultural activities have only influenced the speed of weathering and had no significant effect on the rates.

scholarly journals Nutrient Uptake by Weeds in a Long-term Maize Field Experiment

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
Z. Tóth ◽  
A. Kismányoky ◽  
T. Kismányoky
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The effect of four NPK fertilizer rates (NPK[1:1:1]: 0, 300, 600, 900 kg active ingredients·ha -1 ) was studied on the growth of maize and on weed infestation - bio-mass production and nutrient uptake of weeds - in four replications in a 35-year old long-term maize continuous cropping field experiment (Keszthely, Hungary). The weed flora was recorded on 1 June, 2003 in the 6-8-leaf development stage of maize. The effect of the increasing rates of fertilizers was analyzed and evaluated from the results of biomass production as well as the nutrient uptake of weeds and maize, respectively. On the experimental plots 9 weed species were registered at the date of sampling, from which 4 species were perennial and 5 species were annual ones. All the weeds were collected from 1 m² areas of each plot and the different weed species were separated from each other. The fresh and dry weights of the canopy of maize and the different weed species were measured. The nutrient (NPK) contents of maize and weed samples were measured in the laboratory. Total and species scale nutrient concentration, as well as per-unit nutrient uptake of maize and weeds were compared. The increasing rates of mineral fertilizers had a significant effect on the biomass production and on the nutrient uptake of weeds. Significant differences were also found between the biomass production and nutrient uptake of the different weed species.

scholarly journals Effect of Long-Term N, P, and K Fertilizer Application on the Grain Yield of Spring Barley Grown in Different Soil and Climate Conditions: Results from Čáslav, Lukavec and Ivanovice 2005-2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Petr Šrek ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
K Fertilizer

Effect of Long-Term N, P, and K Fertilizer Application on the Grain Yield of Spring Barley Grown in Different Soil and Climate Conditions: Results from Čáslav, Lukavec and Ivanovice 2005-2008The effect of N, P and K application on the grain yield of spring barley in 2005-2008 within three long-term field experiments (Čáslav, Ivanovice, Lukavec) was evaluated. In these experiments, nitrogen at rates of 50, 77.6, 105 and 132.5 kg N ha-1, phosphorus at rates of 14 and 29.4 kg P ha-1and potassium at 59 and 96.4 kg K ha-1was annually applied to the treat-ments during that period. Four years summarizing shows that the optimal application rate of fertilizers resulting in a grain yield above 6 t ha-1was 105 kg N ha-1, 14 kg P ha-1and 96.4 kg K ha-1in Čáslav and above 7 t ha-1was 78 kg N ha-1, 14 kg P ha-1and 59 kg K ha-1in Ivanovice. The rate of N 132.5 kg ha-1in Lukavec increased the grain yield more than three-fold (from 1.94 to 6.12 t ha-1) and probably was not sufficient to obtain the highest grain yield in this locality. No significant difference was recorded between grain yields in P and K fertilizing treatments in any of the three stations. The key result is that degraded chernozem (in Ivanovice) and greyic phaeozem (in Čáslav) demonstrate a high and long-term stable natural fertility, but yields of spring barley of low productive sandy-loamy Cambisol is strongly affected by high rates of nitrogen application.

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