Soil moisture modelling — conception and evolution of the VSMB

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Baier ◽  
Geo. W. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Plant Research Institute ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Soil Moisture Model ◽  
Soil Moisture Budget

The Versatile Soil Moisture Budget (VSMB), including the background leading to its development in the "early days" meaning around 30 yr ago, is described. National and international efforts before that time created a healthy climate for the development of agrometeorology in Canada and the pioneering work in soil moisture and crop-weather modelling.Events in the early days leading to a concerted endeavour of soil moisture modelling included: (i) a small group of highly qualified professionals from different disciplines, as well as support staff, had been established under the guidance of a team leader at the then Plant Research Institute (PRI); ii) a Canada wide crop-weather study had produced daily climatological and crop data at nine Canada Department of Agriculture establishments over 10 yr (1953–1962); iii) a computer became available to PRI staff (IBM 1620 with 16K); and (v) several sub-models providing the necessary input to the soil moisture model were at various stages of development (e.g. the "latent" evaporation and the biometeorological time scale sub-models).This paper presents an overview of the development of the VSMB using standard climatological data for generating daily soil moisture estimates under crops. Its concept, design and widespread applications in Canada and abroad are discussed. A more detailed analysis is left to the other presentations at this Symposium. Key words: Soil moisture, modelling, applications

EFFECT OF FREQUENCY OF IRRIGATION ON SOIL MOISTURE AND TURF QUALITY

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Turley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moisture Budget ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Soil Moisture Budget ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

The effect of frequency of irrigation on soil moisture, yield and quality of turf was studied at Saanichton, British Columbia during the summers of 1962 and 1963. Plots were watered when a soil moisture budget, based on black Bellani plate atmometers, showed a deficit of 1.3, 1.9, 2.5 and 3.2 cm. All treatments received the same amount of water over the season. The 1.3-cm irrigation treatment ranked first in visual rating, produced the heaviest yields per clip and maintained higher and more uniform soil moisture than the other treatments.The black Bellani plate atmometer proved to be an efficient instrument in predicting irrigation requirements of lawn turfs.

scholarly journals CAS-LSM Datasets for the CMIP6 Land Surface Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binghao Jia ◽  
Longhuan Wang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Ruichao Li ◽  
Xin Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Soil Moisture Model ◽  
Surface Snow ◽  
Intercomparison Project

AbstractThe datasets of the five Land-offline Model Intercomparison Project (LMIP) experiments using the Chinese Academy of Sciences Land Surface Model (CAS-LSM) of CAS Flexible Global-Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model Grid-point version 3 (CAS FGOALS-g3) are presented in this study. These experiments were forced by five global meteorological forcing datasets, which contributed to the framework of the Land Surface Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project (LS3MIP) of CMIP6. These datasets have been released on the Earth System Grid Federation node. In this paper, the basic descriptions of the CAS-LSM and the five LMIP experiments are shown. The performance of the soil moisture, snow, and land-atmosphere energy fluxes was preliminarily validated using satellite-based observations. Results show that their mean states, spatial patterns, and seasonal variations can be reproduced well by the five LMIP simulations. It suggests that these datasets can be used to investigate the evolutionary mechanisms of the global water and energy cycles during the past century.

scholarly journals Some Preliminary Notes on the Physical Properties of the Soils of the Ganges Valley, more especially in their relation to Soil Moisture

1906 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Leake
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ganges

In a stretch of arable lands like those of the Ganges Valley, although damage may be caused by occasional floods, which are sudden and of short duration, the more general, and by far the most serious loss is due to deficiency of moisture of the soil: thus the relation of the soil to soil moisture becomes of more than ordinary importance. Dr Voelcker, in his Report on Indian Agriculture, remarks: “In India the relation of soils to moisture acquires a greater significance than almost anywhere else.......” This relation is fundamental, for on it depends the methods for the conservation of soil moisture, for the economical application of irrigation water, and for the treatment of barren and salt lands—all problems of direct interest to agriculturists in the plains of Northern India. The methods for dealing with these problems must be largely—if not entirely—empirical until such time as the behaviour of the soil in its relation to moisture is investigated. The problem in all its various branches is enormous, and in a country in which the seasons follow each other with such rapidity, and vary the one from the other in so marked a manner, it frequently happens that a particular point, if not determined within a period of a few days, must await solution until the following year.

A MOISTURE STRESS INDEX FOR WHEAT BY MEANS OF A MODULATED SOIL MOISTURE BUDGET

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mack ◽  
W. S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stress Function ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Moisture Budget ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Soil Moisture Budget

Actual evapotranspiration (AE), soil moisture distribution, and moisture stress for a wheat crop (PE-AE) were estimated by the modulated soil moisture budget of Holmes and Robertson. The estimated soil moisture was reasonably well correlated with soil moisture measured weekly by means of gypsum blocks. Wheat yields from experimental plots in the corresponding area were related more closely to the moisture stress function (PE-AE: r = − 0.83), than to the seasonal precipitation (r = 0.62), the potential evapotranspiration (PE) or the evapotranspiration ratio (AE/PE). Regression analyses showed that the grain yields were reduced by an average of 156 (±sb = 40) kg/ha per cm of moisture stress from emergence to harvest, or by 311 and 69 kg/ha per cm of stress, from the fifth-leaf to the soft-dough stage and from the soft-dough stage to maturity, respectively. The moisture stress function may be used to characterize the soil–plant–atmosphere environment for the growing season of a crop. Precipitation and evapotranspiration data are presented annually for three standardized growing periods at Brandon from 1921 to 1963.

Understanding hydrological trends by combining the Budyko hypothesis and a stochastic soil moisture model

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhentao Cong ◽  
Xiaoying Zhang ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Hanbo Yang ◽  
Dawen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Model

scholarly journals Spatial Approach to Diseases of Affluence Epidemiology and Regional Economic Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Alicja Olejnik ◽  
Agata Żółtaszek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Spatial Approach

Abstract Diseases of affluence (of the 21st c.) by definition should have higher prevalence and/or mortality rates in richer and more developed countries than in poorer, underdeveloped states (where diseases of poverty are more common). Therefore, it has been indicated that it is civilizational progress that makes us sick. On the other hand, substantial financial resources, highly qualified medical personnel, and the cutting-edge technology of richer states, should allow for effective preventions, diagnostics, and treatment of diseases of poverty and of affluence. Therefore, a dilemma arises: is progress making us sick or curing us? To evaluate the influence of country socioeconomic and technological development on population health, a spatial analysis of the epidemiology of diseases of affluence and distribution of economic resources for European NUTS 2 has been performed. The main aim of this paper is to assess, how regional diversity in the prevalence of diseases of affluence is related to the regional development of regions.

scholarly journals Influência de Mudanças Climáticas no Balanço Hídrico da Amazônia Ocidental (Influence of Climate Change on Water Budget of Western Amazonia)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailton Marcolino Liberato ◽  
José Ivaldo B. De Brito
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar possíveis alterações em componentes do balanço hídrico climático, associadas a diferentes cenários (A2 e B2) das mudanças climáticas do IPCC, para a Amazônia Ocidental (Acre, Amazonas, Rondônia e Roraima). Os dados climatológicos de temperatura do ar e totais de precipitação pluvial usados como referência neste estudo, são oriundos do INMET (1961-2005), da CEPLAC (1983-1999) e da reanálise do NCEP/NCAR (1983-1995). O método utilizado na elaboração do balanço hídrico é o de Thornthwaite e Mather (1957) modificado por Krishan (1980). Os resultados das projeções mostram tendência de clima mais seco, diminuição na umidade do solo, redução na vazão dos rios, aumento no risco de incêndio e diminuição no escoamento superficial e sub-superficial para a Amazônia Ocidental até 2100.Palavras-chave: cenários, índices climáticos, Amazônia. Influence of Climate Change on Water Budget of Western Amazonia ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study was investigate possible alterations in the climatic water budget components associated with different scenarios (A2 and B2) of the IPCC to Amazonian Western (Acre, Amazonas, Rondônia and Roraima). The climatological data of air temperature and precipitation from the INMET (1961-2005), CEPLAC (1983-1999) and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (1983-1995) were used in the present study. The Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) method was used in the elaboration of the climatic water budget modified by Krishan (1980). The results of the projections show drier climate trends and decrease of the soil moisture, reduction in the rivers discharge, increase in the fire risk and decrease in the runoff for the Amazonian Western up to 2100. Keywords: scenarios, climate index, Amazonian.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND DRAINAGE COMPONENTS OF THE SOIL WATER BALANCE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. MAULÉ ◽  
D. S. CHANASYK
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Gradient Method ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Moisture Extraction ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Capacity Method

Two simple techniques for separating soil moisture loss into drainage and evapotranspiration for cropped conditions were compared. The study was conducted during May through September 1983 at Ellerslie, Alberta. One technique, the field capacity method, utilized soil tension at − 4 kPa to demarcate the cessation of drainage; the other technique, the gradient method, utilized changes in soil moisture status relative to fallow conditions, to mark the onset of moisture extraction by roots. Both methods estimated similar amounts of drainage and evapotranspiration for the barley plots. Application and thus proper evaluation of these two methods were limited as more than 83% of the total drainage occurred during a 3-wk period in which only the Penman method for estimating evapotranspiration could be used. Key words: Water balance, drainage, evapotranspiration, field capacity method, gradient method

Edaphic respiration in bell pepper cultivation under biological fertilizers, doses and application times

2020 ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Ygor Henrique Leal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Soil Surface Temperature ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Organic Compost

Biological fertilizers promote several benefits to the soil, and one of the ways to evaluate their quality is to determine the edaphic respiration. The present study aimed to evaluate edaphic respiration in bell pepper cultivation under doses and times of application of biological fertilizers. Two experiments were performed with applications of biological fertilizers prepared from manure and enriched organic compost, one using bovine manure (BM) and the other, sheep manure (SM). The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, in a 4 x 3 + 1 factorial scheme, with three replications, referring to the doses of biological fertilizers (100, 200, 300 and 400 dm³ ha-1), application times (0, 30 and 60 days after transplanting – DAT) and the absolute control. The following variables were evaluated during the night and day: soil surface temperature (Tsurf) and 10 cm deep (T10), soil moisture (M) and edaphic respiration (ER). SM provided the highest ER in the two shifts evaluated. The use of 400 and 300 dm³ ha-1 of SM, at times of 0 and 30 DAT, respectively, provided greater edaphic respiration in relation to the absence of manure during the day.

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