Rotation, tillage and seeder effects on winter wheat performance and soil moisture regime

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Lindwall ◽  
F. J. Larney ◽  
J. M. Carefoot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management System ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Southern Alberta

The optimum management system for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in southern Alberta has not been adequately defined. A 9-yr (1978–1986) study was conducted to determine the effects of three rotations (continuous winter wheat, winter wheat–fallow and winter wheat–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–fallow), two tillage systems (conventional tillage, zero tillage) and two seeder types (hoe-drill, disc drill) on winter wheat growth, yield and water use. Continuous cropping to winter wheat was terminated after 4 yr because of a heavy downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) infestation. Soil moisture reserves to 1.5-m depth fell to only 61% of that under the wheat–fallow rotation. Wheat grown in the wheat–barley–fallow rotation yielded on average 4% higher than that in the wheat–fallow rotation. Yields under zero tillage were significantly higher in 3 of the 9 study years, and slightly higher in 5 yr, due to better soil moisture conservation once the zero-tillage treatment was established for 2 yr. Zero tillage was most beneficial when precipitation at fall planting was less than normal. The hoe-drill provided more effective seed placement than the disc drill when surface soil conditions were dry at or soon after seeding. A management system which incorporates zero tillage (and preferably seeding with a hoe drill) into a 3-yr (wheat–barley–fallow) rotation is best suited for winter wheat production in southern Alberta. Key words: Wheat (winter), crop rotation, zero tillage, seed drill, soil moisture regime

EFFETS DU pH ET DES REGIMES HYDRIQUES DES SOLS SUR LES RENDEMENTS ET LA TENEUR EN Mn DE LA LUZERNE ET DU LOTIER CULTIVES EN SERRE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
A. R. PESANT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were grown under greenhouse conditions, on Ste-Rosalie clay and St-Jude sand adjusted at pH of 5.0, 6.5 and 7.5, in order to determine the effect of soil pH and soil moisture regimes on the yields of the two legumes. Three soil moisture regimes were used: (1) humid (H1), with soil moisture between saturation point and field capacity; (2) optimum (H2), with soil moisture between field capacity and 70% of this value; (3) dry (H3), with soil moisture between 50% of field capacity and wilting point. Under the dry soil moisture regime (H3), birdsfoot trefoil behaved in the same way as did alfalfa. Their drought resistance decreased as the soil pH increased. Dry matter yields were reduced by 61.5% when soils were limed at the pH of 7.5. Under the humid soil moisture regime (H1), the productivity of alfalfa decreased much more than that of birdsfoot trefoil. The effect of excess soil moisture on alfalfa was mostly observed on the unlimed soils. Under these wet and acid soil conditions, alfalfa was intoxicated and suffocated due to high exchangeable manganese content and poor soil aeration. Liming soils to the pH of 7.5 decreased exchangeable Mn in soils to a non-toxic level and alfalfa could then grow well enough to transpire off the excess of soil water. Birdsfoot trefoil was much less influenced by soil acidity and poor drainage than alfalfa was.

EFFETS DES DOSES DE BORE, DES REGIMES HYDRIQUES ET DU pH DES SOLS SUR LES RENDEMENTS DE LA LUZERNE ET DU LOTIER ET SUR L’ASSIMILABILITE DU BORE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
A. R. PESANT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Wilting Point

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Vernal) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. cv. Leo) were grown under greenhouse conditions in order to determine changes in boron response and availability following variations in soil pH and soil moisture regimes. Three rates of boron applications were selected: 0, 1.5, and 3.0 ppm of B. Soil pH was adjusted to 5.0, 6.5 and 7.5, respectively. The soil moisture regimes were fixed as following: (1) very dry (H1) with soil moisture between 50% of field capacity and wilting point, (2) dry (H2), with soil moisture between field capacity and wilting point. (3) optimum (H3), with soil moisture between field capacity and 70% of this value. Boron fertilization was more useful to alfalfa than to birdsfoot trefoil. Optimum rate was found to be 1.5 ppm of B. On Ste-Rosalie clay, the yield increase due to boron was 22% on soils under the dry regime (H2) but was almost non-existant at the very dry (H1) and optimum water regime (H3). Boron application on Greensboro loam was more efficient on soils undergoing dry (H2) and very dry soil moisture regime (H1) than on soils where moisture conditions were optimum (H3). Dry matter yields were increased by a factor of 10 under dry (H2) and very dry (H1) soil moisture regimes compared to a factor of 4 under optimum soil moisture regime (H3). Under acid soil conditions, no yield increase was obtained following boron applications. Boron availability and response of the two legumes to B was also decreased by overliming soils to pH 7.4. The cyclic drought periods that happened under dry (H2) and very dry (H1) soil moisture regime produced similar effects. Boron availability and efficiency as plant nutrient was greatly reduced, if not annihilated, by the combined effect of repeated drought cycles and by either excessive soil acidity or overliming.

Soil Moisture Regime Changes in Tephra-Mulched Soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tejedor ◽  
C. C. Jiménez ◽  
F. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime

The soil moisture regime under native grassland

Geoderma ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.De Jong ◽  
K.B. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Native Grassland
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document