Nitrous and nitric oxide emissions during nitrification and denitrification from manure-amended soil in the laboratory

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Paul ◽  
E. G. Beauchamp ◽  
X. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Major Producer ◽  
Nitric Oxide Emissions ◽  
No Emissions

Denitrification and nitrification processes in soil produce significant amounts of atmospheric N2O and NO. Laboratory experiments were designed to measure N2O and NO emissions from an agricultural soil shortly after manure addition. Nitrous oxide emissions were higher from soil following addition of manure slurries than following addition of composted manure. Emissions of both N2O and NO were highest between 1 and 4 d after manure addition. Nitrous oxide emission following manure application was the result of both denitrification and nitrification, which occurred simultaneously in soil. Denitrification was a major producer of N2O because both denitrification rates and N2O emission increased dramatically at higher soil-moisture contents and increased manure concentration. Nitric oxide production occurred during nitrification. Nitrous oxide emitted during the 6 d after manure addition ranged from 0.025 to 0.85% of the manure N. Nitric oxide emissions were approximately 0.26% of the amount of added manure N.Key words: Nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, manure, denitrification, nitrification

scholarly journals The impact of atmospheric N deposition and N fertilizer type on soil nitric oxide and nitrous oxide fluxes from agricultural and forest Eutric Regosols

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Song ◽  
Julia Drewer ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Minghua Zhou ◽  
Nicholas Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
No Emissions

Abstract Agricultural and forest soils with low organic C content and high alkalinity were studied over 17 days to investigate the potential response of the atmospheric pollutant nitric oxide (NO) and the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) on (1) increased N deposition rates to forest soil; (2) different fertilizer types to agricultural soil and (3) a simulated rain event to forest and agricultural soils. Cumulative forest soil NO emissions (148–350 ng NO-N g−1) were ~ 4 times larger than N2O emissions (37–69 ng N2O-N g−1). Contrary, agricultural soil NO emissions (21–376 ng NO-N g−1) were ~ 16 times smaller than N2O emissions (45–8491 ng N2O-N g−1). Increasing N deposition rates 10 fold to 30 kg N ha−1 yr−1, doubled soil NO emissions and NO3− concentrations. As such high N deposition rates are not atypical in China, more attention should be paid on forest soil NO research. Comparing the fertilizers urea, ammonium nitrate, and urea coated with the urease inhibitor ‘Agrotain®,’ demonstrated that the inhibitor significantly reduced NO and N2O emissions. This is an unintended, not well-known benefit, because the primary function of Agrotain® is to reduce emissions of the atmospheric pollutant ammonia. Simulating a climate change event, a large rainfall after drought, increased soil NO and N2O emissions from both agricultural and forest soils. Such pulses of emissions can contribute significantly to annual NO and N2O emissions, but currently do not receive adequate attention amongst the measurement and modeling communities.

scholarly journals Emissions of Nitrous Oxide and Nitric Oxide from Soils of Native and Exotic Ecosystems of the Amazon and Cerrado Regions of Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Davidson ◽  
Mercedes M.C. Bustamante ◽  
Alexandre de Siqueira Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Soil Emissions ◽  
Amazonian Forests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
No Emissions

This paper reviews reports of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions from soils of the Amazon and Cerrado regions of Brazil. N2O is a stable greenhouse gas in the troposphere and participates in ozone-destroying reactions in the stratosphere, whereas NO participates in tropospheric photochemical reactions that produce ozone. Tropical forests and savannas are important sources of atmospheric N2O and NO, but rapid land use change could be affecting these soil emissions of N oxide gases. The five published estimates for annual emissions of N2O from soils of mature Amazonian forests are remarkably consistent, ranging from 1.4 to 2.4 kg N ha–1 year–1, with a mean of 2.0 kg N ha–1 year–1. Estimates of annual emissions of NO from Amazonian forests are also remarkably similar, ranging from 1.4 to 1.7 kg N ha–1 year–1, with a mean of 1.5 kg N ha–1 year–1. Although a doubling or tripling of N2O has been observed in some young (<2 years) cattle pastures relative to mature forests, most Amazonian pastures have lower emissions than the forests that they replace, indicating that forest-topasture conversion has, on balance, probably reduced regional emissions slightly (<10%). Secondary forests also have lower soil emissions than mature forests. The same patterns apply for NO emissions in Amazonia. At the only site in Cerrado where vegetation measurements have been made N2O emissions were below detection limits and NO emissions were modest (~0.4 kg N ha–1 year–1). Emissions of NO doubled after fire and increased by a factor of ten after wetting dry soil, but these pulses lasted only a few hours to days. As in Amazonian pastures, NO emissions appear to decline with pasture age. Detectable emissions of N2O have been measured in soybean and corn fields in the Cerrado region, but they are modest relative to fluxes measured in more humid tropical agricultural regions. No measurements of NO from agricultural soils in the Cerrado region have been made, but we speculate that they could be more important than N2O emissions in this relatively dry climate. While a consistent pattern is emerging from these studies in the Amazon region, far too few data exist for the Cerrado region to assess the impact of land use changes on N oxide emissions.

Nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions and nitrogen use efficiency as affected by nitrogen placement in lowland rice fields

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yam Kanta Gaihre ◽  
Upendra Singh ◽  
S. M. Mofijul Islam ◽  
Azmul Huda ◽  
M. R. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Nitric Oxide Emissions ◽  
Use Efficiency
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