Relationship between color value and nitrogen in forest mineral soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Qian ◽  
K. Klinka ◽  
L. M. Lavkulich
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Color Value ◽  
Mineral Soils

To assess the extent to which moist color value of forest mineral soils supports their differentiation according to concentrations of mineralizable and total N, 239 samples of 0–30-cm mineral-soil layers were examined for the relationship between nitrogen measures and selected categorical climatic and soil variables. The best regression models, using soil color value (SCV), climate, soil moisture and soil texture as categorical variables, explained nearly 70% of the variation in both mineralizable and total N, with climate accounting for most of the variation. The results provided support for the present usage of SCV in estimating mineralizable and total N in forest soils but suggested improvements for the development of a more effective estimation procedure. Key words: Forest soil color, soil nitrogen, climate, soil moisture, soil texture, regression analysis

The impact of mineral soil cover fill on N2O emissions in peatland drained for agriculture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqiao Wang ◽  
Sonja Paul ◽  
Markus Jocher ◽  
Christine Alewell ◽  
Jens Leifeld
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
N Input ◽  
The Impact

<p>Drainage for agriculture has converted peatlands from a carbon sink to one of the world’s major greenhouse gas (GHG) sources. In order to improve the sustainability of peatland management in agriculture, and to counteract soil subsidence, mineral soil coverage is becoming an increasingly used practice in Switzerland. Cover fills may change the GHG balance from the corresponding organic soil. To explore the effect of cover fill on soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, we carry out a field experiment in the Swiss Rhine Valley and measure the soil – borne N<sub>2</sub>O exchange from two adjacent sites: drained organic soil without mineral soil cover (DN), and drained organic soil with mineral soil cover (DC). Mineral soil material was applied 12 years ago and varies in thickness between 20 – 80 cm. Both sites have the identical farming practice (intensive permanent meadow). In our experiment, an automatic chamber system is used for collecting the N<sub>2</sub>O at an interval of 3 h. Soil moisture, expressd as volumetric water content (VWC), is recorded every 10 min. After ten month (303 days) of continous measurement, the data reveal that: (1) The average N<sub>2</sub>O emission from DN is higher than DC by a factor of 11 (11.24 ± 3.46 <em>vs</em> 0.97 ± 0.22 mg N<sub>2</sub>O-N m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>). Hence, mineral soil cover of organic soil seems to induce a strong reduction in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. (2) Exogenous N inputs (mineral N fertilizer and cow slurry) are the main drivers of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. N<sub>2</sub>O peaks occured shortly after the N application and lasted for 2 to 3 weeks before returning to background N<sub>2</sub>O emission. At the DC site post N- input N<sub>2</sub>O emissions accounted for 68 % of the total N<sub>2</sub>O emission over the whole measurement period. An equivalent of around 1 % of the exogenous N- input was emitted as N<sub>2</sub>O. At the DN site, emission peaks after fertilization accounted for 79 % of the total N<sub>2</sub>O emission, equivalent to around 13 % of the exogenous N- input. Background emissions between peak events shows no significant difference between DC (0.51± 0.15 mg N<sub>2</sub>O-N m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>) and DN (2.73± 2.44 mg N<sub>2</sub>O-N m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>). The comparison of peak and background fluxes tentatively indicates that higher average emission rates from the DN site are related directly to fertilization. Finally, surface soil characteristics (soil pH, bulk density, and soil N) changed after mineral soil cover, and soil moisture content differed between sites. During the experimental period, the mean daily soil moisture from DN site (24.1 % VWC – 60.18 % VWC) is higher than DC site (20.17 % VWC – 51.26 % VWC). In summary, our data from this first experimental period suggest that mineral soil cover fill could strongly reduce the N<sub>2</sub>O emission from drained organic soil, and may therefore be an interesting GHG mitigation option in agriculture.  </p>

Soil moisture reduces belowground heat flux and soil temperatures under a burning fuel pile

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Frandsen ◽  
Kevin C. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Temperature Reduction ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Heat Loads ◽  
Soil Interface ◽  
Soil Organics

A direct comparison of temperatures and heat loads was made between simulated duff-covered (~2 cm) and uncovered mineral soil beneath a burning fuel pile. Temperatures were recorded in the duff, at the duff – mineral soil interface, and at 1-cm intervals downward to a depth of 4 cm. Covering reduced the peak temperatures about 200 °C in dry mineral soil. Wet mineral soil covered with wet duff experienced a temperature reduction of over 500 °C. Temperatures in wet mineral soil did not exceed 90 °C and the heat load into the wet mineral soil was, on the average, 20% of the heat load into the dry mineral soil. Land managers wanting to minimize mortality of existing plants or loss of soil organics should strive to burn when mineral soils are approaching saturation near the surface.

scholarly journals Estimating trembling aspen productivity in the boreal transition ecoregion of Saskatchewan using site and soil variables

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Pinno ◽  
Nicolas Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Soil Measurements

Pinno, B. D. and Bélanger, N. 2011. Estimating trembling aspen productivity in the boreal transition ecoregion of Saskatchewan using site and soil variables. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 661–669. The productivity of trembling aspen, as expressed by site quality index (SQI), in natural stands growing on three different soil parent material types (fluvial, lacustrine and glacial till) in the boreal transition ecoregion of Saskatchewan was evaluated by using soil and site variables. The soil and site variables used were either general categorical variables, such as parent material and ecosite, or continuous variables, such as soil texture (percent sand or clay), pH, carbon, nitrogen, C:N ratios, and elemental composition. It was not possible to reliably estimate SQI using only categorical site variables or continuous soil variables when all plots were grouped together. However, when plots were grouped by parent material type, over 45% of the variability in trembling aspen productivity was explained using the common soil measurements of texture and pH. In estimating SQI, there was an interaction between both pH and soil texture with parent material. On fluvial and lacustrine parent materials, increased clay content was positively correlated with SQI, but was negatively correlated with SQI on till, while pH was positively correlated with SQI on fluvial parent material, but negatively on lacustrine. Including more sophisticated measures of soil nutrient availability in the forest floor and BC horizons did not improve the SQI prediction. This study indicates that it is possible to estimate trembling aspen productivity using simple site and soil variables, provided that differences in soil properties within parent material groupings are considered in the analysis.

scholarly journals A soil moisture accounting-procedure with a Richards' equation-based soil texture-dependent parameterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 506-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. Mathias ◽  
Todd H. Skaggs ◽  
Simon A. Quinn ◽  
Sorcha N. C. Egan ◽  
Lucy E. Finch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
Soil Moisture Accounting ◽  
Accounting Procedure

Silvicultural treatments, microclimatic conditions and seedling response in Southern Interior clearcuts

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Fleming ◽  
T. A. Black ◽  
R. S. Adams ◽  
R. J. Stathers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Organic Horizons ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions

Post-harvest levels of soil disturbance and vegetation regrowth strongly influence microclimate conditions, and this has important implications for seedling establishment. We examined the effects of blading (scalping), soil loosening (ripping) and vegetation control (herbicide), as well as no soil disturbance, on growing season microclimates and 3-yr seedling response on two grass-dominated clearcuts at different elevations in the Southern Interior of British Columbia. Warmer soil temperatures were obtained by removing surface organic horizons. Ripping produced somewhat higher soil temperatures than scalping at the drier, lower-elevation site, but slightly reduced soil temperatures at the wetter, higher-elevation site. Near-surface air temperatures were more extreme (higher daily maximums and lower daily minimums) over the control than over exposed mineral soil. Root zone soil moisture deficits largely reflected transpiration by competing vegetation; vegetation removal was effective in improving soil moisture availability at the lower elevation site, but unnecessary from this perspective at the higher elevation site. The exposed mineral surfaces self-mulched and conserved soil moisture after an initial period of high evaporation. Ripping and scalping resulted in somewhat lower near-surface available soil water storage capacities. Seedling establishment on both clearcuts was better following treatments which removed vegetation and surface organic horizons and thus enhanced microclimatic conditions, despite reducing nutrient supply. Such treatments may, however, compromise subsequent stand development through negative impacts on site nutrition. Temporal changes in the relative importance of different physical (microclimate) and chemical (soil nutrition) properties to soil processes and plant growth need to be considered when evaluating site productivity. Key words: Microclimate, soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture, clearcut, seedling establishment

A generally applicable pedotransfer function that estimates field capacity and permanent wilting point from soil texture and bulk density

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. P. Pollacco
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Pedotransfer Function ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fitting Parameters

Hydrological models require the determination of fitting parameters that are tedious and time consuming to acquire. A rapid alternative method of estimating the fitting parameters is to use pedotransfer functions. This paper proposes a reliable method to estimate soil moisture at -33 and -1500 kPa from soil texture and bulk density. This method reduces the saturated moisture content by multiplying it with two non-linear functions depending on sand and clay contents. The novel pedotransfer function has no restrictions on the range of the texture predictors and gives reasonable predictions for soils with bulk density that varies from 0.25 to 2.16 g cm-3. These pedotransfer functions require only five parameters for each pressure head. It is generally accepted that the introduction of organic matter as a predictor improves the outcomes; however it was found by using a porosity based pedotransfer model, using organic matter as a predictor only modestly improves the accuracy. The model was developed employing 18 559 samples from the IGBP-DIS soil data set for pedotransfer function development (Data and Information System of the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme) database that embodies all major soils across the United States of America. The function is reliable and performs well for a wide range of soils occurring in very dry to very wet climates. Climatical grouping of the IGBP-DIS soils was proposed (aquic, tropical, cryic, aridic), but the results show that only tropical soils require specific grouping. Among many other different non-climatical soil groups tested, only humic and vitric soils were found to require specific grouping. The reliability of the pedotransfer function was further demonstrated with an independent database from Northern Italy having heterogeneous soils, and was found to be comparable or better than the accuracy of other pedotransfer functions found in the literature. Key words: Pedotransfer functions, soil moisture, soil texture, bulk density, organic matter, grouping

scholarly journals Effect of carbon and nitrogen addition on nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide fluxes from thawing forest soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Haohao ◽  
Xu Xingkai ◽  
Duan Cuntao ◽  
Li TuanSheng ◽  
Cheng Weiguo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs

AbstractPacked soil-core incubation experiments were done to study the effects of carbon (glucose, 6.4 g C m−2) and nitrogen (NH4Cl and KNO3, 4.5 g N m−2) addition on nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes during thawing of frozen soils under two forest stands (broadleaf and Korean pine mixed forest and white birch forest) with two moisture levels (55 and 80% water-filled pore space). With increasing soil moisture, the magnitude and longevity of the flush N2O flux from forest soils was enhanced during the early period of thawing, which was accompanied by great NO3−-N consumption. Without N addition, the glucose-induced cumulative CO2fluxes ranged from 9.61 to 13.49 g CO2-C m−2, which was larger than the dose of carbon added as glucose. The single addition of glucose increased microbial biomass carbon but slightly affected soil dissolved organic carbon pool. Thus, the extra carbon released upon addition of glucose can result from the decomposition of soil native organic carbon. The glucose-induced N2O and CO2fluxes were both significantly correlated to the glucose-induced total N and dissolved organic carbon pools and influenced singly and interactively by soil moisture and KNO3addition. The interactive effects of glucose and nitrogen inputs on N2O and CO2fluxes from forest soils after frost depended on N sources, soil moisture, and vegetation types.

scholarly journals Soil greenhouse gas fluxes from different tree species on Taihang Mountain, North China

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1649-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. P. Liu ◽  
W. J. Zhang ◽  
C. S. Hu ◽  
X. G. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Total N ◽  
Gas Fluxes ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

Abstract. The objectives of this study were to investigate seasonal variation of greenhouse gas fluxes from soils on sites dominated by plantation (Robinia pseudoacacia, Punica granatum, and Ziziphus jujube) and natural regenerated forests (Vitex negundo var. heterophylla, Leptodermis oblonga, and Bothriochloa ischcemum), and to identify how tree species, litter exclusion, and soil properties (soil temperature, soil moisture, soil organic carbon, total N, soil bulk density, and soil pH) explained the temporal and spatial variation in soil greenhouse gas fluxes. Fluxes of greenhouse gases were measured using static chamber and gas chromatography techniques. Six static chambers were randomly installed in each tree species. Three chambers were randomly designated to measure the impacts of surface litter exclusion, and the remaining three were used as a control. Field measurements were conducted biweekly from May 2010 to April 2012. Soil CO2 emissions from all tree species were significantly affected by soil temperature, soil moisture, and their interaction. Driven by the seasonality of temperature and precipitation, soil CO2 emissions demonstrated a clear seasonal pattern, with fluxes significantly higher during the rainy season than during the dry season. Soil CH4 and N2O fluxes were not significantly correlated with soil temperature, soil moisture, or their interaction, and no significant seasonal differences were detected. Soil organic carbon and total N were significantly positively correlated with CO2 and N2O fluxes. Soil bulk density was significantly negatively correlated with CO2 and N2O fluxes. Soil pH was not correlated with CO2 and N2O emissions. Soil CH4 fluxes did not display pronounced dependency on soil organic carbon, total N, soil bulk density, and soil pH. Removal of surface litter significantly decreased in CO2 emissions and CH4 uptakes. Soils in six tree species acted as sinks for atmospheric CH4. With the exception of Ziziphus jujube, soils in all tree species acted as sinks for atmospheric N2O. Tree species had a significant effect on CO2 and N2O releases but not on CH4 uptake. The lower net global warming potential in natural regenerated vegetation suggested that natural regenerated vegetation were more desirable plant species in reducing global warming.

scholarly journals How Can Geomorphology Inform Ecological Restoration? A Synthesis of Geophysical and Biological Assessment to Determine Restoration Priorities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leicester Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Total N ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Restoration Site ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Indigenous Forest

<p>The central concern that this study addresses is how an understanding of geomorphological processes and forms may inform ecological restoration; particularly practical restoration prioritisation. The setting is that of a hill country gully system covered in grazing pasture which historically would have been cloaked in indigenous forest. The study examines theory in conjunction with an application using a case study centred on Whareroa Farm (the restoration site) and Paraparaumu Scenic Reserve (the reference site) on the southern Kapiti Coast, north of Wellington. The impact that the change of land use has had on the soil and geomorphic condition of Whareroa and the influence the changes may have on the sites restoration is investigated. The thesis demonstrates a method of choosing reference sites to be used as templates for rehabilitating the restoration site. Geographical Information Systems and national databases are used and supplemented with site inspection. The reference site chosen, Paraparaumu Scenic Reserve, proved to be a good template for the restoration site particularly given that it is located in the midst of a heavily modified area. On-site inspection considering dendritic pattern and floristic composition confirms the database analysis results. Soil variables (bulk density, porosity, soil texture, pH, Olsen P, Anaerobic Mineralisable N, Total N (AMN), Total C and C:N ratio) are investigated and statistical comparisons made between the sites to quantify changes due to land-use change, i.e. deforestation and subsequent pastoral grazing. Factors investigated that may explain the variation in the soil variables were site (land use), hillslope location, slope aspect, and slope angle. Permutation tests were conducted to investigate the relationships between the independent factors and the SQI (dependent soil variables). Land use and slope angle were most frequent significant explanatory factors of variation, followed by hillslope location whilst slope aspect only influenced soil texture. A number of soil variables at Whareroa were found to be outside the expected range of values for an indigenous forest soil including AMN, Total N, Olsen P, and pH ...</p>

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