SOIL EROSION EFFECTS ON SOIL QUALITY AND YIELD

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. VERITY ◽  
D. W. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable N ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the cumulative effect of erosion on soil properties that are important to productivity, and estimates the effect of erosion on grain yields. Experiments were located in central Saskatchewan on Dark Brown soils of the Weyburn Association. The relationship between yields and relative distance down eroded hillslopes was described best by a third-order polynominal equation. Grain yields were lowest on the upper slopes and increased steadily through mid-slopes to maximum values that were often double the upper slope yield on the lower or foot slope, then decreased again in the more level parts of the fields away from the slope. The impact of varying degrees of erosion on productivity was estimated by adding back incremental depths of topsoil to eroded knolls. Grain yields were increased by 45–58% by adding 50 mm of topsoil, with additional topsoil (100 or 150 mm) generally increasing yields slightly, but at a decreasing rate. Changes in soil quality with increasing erosion were measured on otherwise similar soils on eroded knolls, with the period of cultivation ranging from 0 (native) to 75 yr. Reductions in the amount of 137Cs in surface horizons with increasing period of cultivation indicated the cumulative effects of erosion, with general soil losses of 20 to 30 Mg ha−1 yr−1. Consistent reductions in silt plus very fine sand fractions with time suggested that wind erosion had been dominant. Organic C and P, total N and S decreased with increasing erosion. Potentially mineralizable N descreased at a faster rate than total N. The CaCO3 content of surface horizons increased, and inorganic P remained constant with increasing degree of erosion. Key words: Nutrients, soil productivity, soil quality, eroded, catena.

scholarly journals Assessing Soil Quality for Sustainable Cropland Management Based on Factor Analysis and Fuzzy Sets: A Case Study in the Lhasa River Valley, Tibetan Plateau

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqiang Dai ◽  
Zhiqiang Lv ◽  
Gangcai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Land Use Types

Ecologically fragile cropland soils and intensive agricultural production are characteristic of the valley area of the Tibetan Plateau. A systematic assessment of soil quality is necessary and important for improving sustainable cropland management in this area. This study aims to establish a minimum data set (MDS) for soil quality assessment and generate an integrated soil quality index for sustainable cropland management in the Tibetan Plateau. Soil samples were collected from the 0–20 cm depths of agricultural land in the middle and lower reaches of the Lhasa River. These samples were analyzed by routine laboratory methods. Significant differences were identified via statistical test between different soil types and land use types for each soil property. Principal component analysis was used to define a MDS of indicators that determine soil quality. Consequently, effective porosity, pH, total organic C, total N, available P, and catalase were identified as the final MDS. The soil quality index was obtained by the fuzzy-set membership function and the linear weighted additive method. The soil quality index differed significantly between the soil types and land use types. The soil quality can be ranked based on their indices in the following order: 1. Grain land with meadow soils, 2. Grain land with steppe soils, 3. Greenhouse vegetable land with fluvo-aquic soils, 4. Grain land with fluvo-aquic soils. The soils with higher soil quality indices exhibited better soil structure, higher nutrient contents, and superior resistance to water and nutrient loss. While the intensive tillage practices associated with vegetable production could reduce the values for effective porosity, pH and catalase, the application of appropriate fertilizers increased the values for total organic C, total N and available P. Therefore, the MDS method is an effective and useful tool to identify the key soil properties for assessing soil quality, and provides guidance on adaptive cropland management to a variety of soil types and land use types.

scholarly journals Using Modified Soil Quality Index for Determining Ponds Bottom Soil Quality Status of Aquaculture Area BLUPPB Karawang West Java, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggoro Prihutomo ◽  
Warih Hardanu ◽  
Atri Triana Kartikasari
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Total N ◽  
Bottom Soil ◽  
The Impact

<p>The impact of aquaculture activities has led to environmental degradation, especially ponds bottom soil quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the status of the ponds bottom soil quality in different aquaculture systems (traditional and intensive) in BLUPPB Karawang region in a flexible value of soil quality index (SQI). Twenty ponds consisting of 5 traditional of milkfish (<em>Chanos chanos</em>) juvenile rearing ponds and 5 traditional polyculture ponds, 5 intensive of <em>Litopenaeus </em><em>va</em><em>n</em><em>namei</em> shrimp ponds lined with plastic mulch and 5 intensive <em>L. vannamei </em>shrimp earthen ponds. Variables of soil quality parameters examined include physical, chemical and biological of pond bottom soil. Sediment ponds with a depth of 5-10 cm were taken for analysis. Data statistically analyzed using Anova, continued with pos hoc test HSD Tukey. The results showed the ponds soil quality (SQI) of BLUPPB Karawang area has an average of 0.38 ± 0.02 or included in low criteria. Aquaculture systems were not significant (p&gt; 5%) to the general status of ponds soil quality. Aquaculture systems (intensive and traditional) only gave a significant different (p&lt;5%) to the parameter of soil bulk density, c-organic, total N, C:N ratio, total S, total P and soil respiration. Stability of the ponds bottom soil chemical compositions over time make level of intensity does not significantly affect, beside routine sediment removal at the end of cycle in intensive culture.</p>

scholarly journals KETERSEDIAAN NITROGEN DAN POPULASI BAKERI TANAH DALAM SISTEM TANAM SRI (SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION)

BUANA SAINS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Nurul Istiqomah ◽  
Tanya Naomi Indarto ◽  
Virgus Amien Nugroho ◽  
Cahyo Prayogo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Impact

The obstacles that caused the declining of rice production is due to the reduction of soil fertility status. Various efforts were made to increase the production such as intensification and expansion in rice farming system. SRI cropping systems an alternative technique for improving soil productivity following maintaining water uses under an aerobic condition which exaggerated the raising of microorganisms activities in soil and improving the availability of nutrients particularly nitrogen status.This study was aimed to examine the impact of SRI system on mineral N status along with the population of soil bacteria which involving in nitrogen dynamic. The research was conducted in October 2015-March 2016 in Kepanjen-Malang using Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. Soil sampling was conducted at 0 and 100 Day After Planting (DAP) collecting at a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Measured soil parameter was including pH, organic-C, mineral N (NH4+ and NO3-). Soil bacteria are identified using plate count method (spread plate) for estimating their population. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used followed by Duncan test at 5% level along with correlation and regression analysis.The results showed that the SRI cultivation system can increase the mineral N at the level of 14.09 ppm compared to their initial value, amounting to 57.48 ppm of Nitrate and the bacterial population at the level of 6.25 x 108 cfu g-1. The best treatment was found under the combination of NPK (15-15-15) and biofertilizer yielded at 8.42 t ha-1. Multivariate analysis results indicate that P0 treatment significantly different with treatment P1, P2, and P3. However, the treatment of P1 were not significantly different P3.

scholarly journals Effects of pumice mining on soil quality

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cruz-Ruíz ◽  
E. Cruz-Ruíz ◽  
R. Vaca ◽  
P. Del Aguila ◽  
J. Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract. Mexico is the world's fourth most important maize producer; hence, there is a need to maintain soil quality for sustainable production in the upcoming years. Pumice mining is a superficial operation that modifies large areas in central Mexico. The main aim was to assess the present state of agricultural soils differing in elapsed time since pumice mining (0–15 years) in a representative area of the Calimaya region in the State of Mexico. The study sites in 0, 1, 4, 10, and 15 year old reclaimed soils were compared with an adjacent undisturbed site. Our results indicate that gravimetric moisture content, water hold capacity, bulk density, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and phosphatase and urease activity were greatly impacted by disturbance. A general trend of recovery towards the undisturbed condition with reclamation age was found after disturbance, the recovery of soil total N being faster than soil organic C. The soil quality indicators were selected using principal component analysis (PCA), correlations and multiple linear regressions. The first three components gathered explain 76.4 % of the total variability. The obtained results revealed that the most appropriate indicators to diagnose the quality of the soils were urease, available phosphorus and bulk density and minor total nitrogen. According to linear score analysis and the additive index, the soils showed a recuperation starting from 4 years of pumice extraction.

scholarly journals The effect of land use on soil quality in Giriwoyo Sub-district, Wonogiri Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2559-2568
Author(s):  
M Mujiyo ◽  
Yosua Yoga Setyawan ◽  
Aktavia Herawati ◽  
Hery Widijanto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

Determination of soil quality in Giriwoyo Sub-district, Wonogiri Regency, will generate a Soil Quality Index which can be used as a reference for soil cultivation for optimal productivity. This research was a descriptive exploratory with a survey approach. The survey area consisted of 12 land mapping units (LMU) with 3 replications for each LMU. Determination of LMU based on soil type, land use, slope and rainfall. The parameters used were BD (bulk density), porosity, organic C, pH, CEC (cation exchange capacity), BS (base saturation), available P, available K, total N, and MBC (microbial biomass carbon) that represented the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis was performed to obtain the Minimum Data Set (MDS). The Soil Quality Index (SQI) at each LMU was calculated by multiplying the PCA result score (Wi) with the score for each selected indicator (Si). The result showed that the Soil Quality Index at each LMU was low. The highest Soil Quality Index was found in fields land use with an SQI of 0.34. The soil indicator that limited the soil quality was available P.

The cumulative effect of satisfaction with discrete transactions on share of wallet

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Keiningham ◽  
Lerzan Aksoy ◽  
Edward C. Malthouse ◽  
Bart Lariviere ◽  
Alexander Buoye
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Share Of Wallet ◽  
Purchase Behaviors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Service

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical model for how consumers aggregate satisfaction with individual service encounters to form a summary evaluation of satisfaction, and further examines its effect on customers’ share of category spending (share of wallet (SOW)). Design/methodology/approach – The data used consist of 10,983 completed surveys from 1,448 customers whose transaction-specific satisfaction with a retailer and their subsequent purchase behaviors in the category were tracked for more than four transactions. Mixed effects models were employed to test the relationship between the cumulative effect of satisfaction with multiple service encounters on SOW. Findings – Cumulative satisfaction is a weighted average of satisfaction with specific encounters, with weights decaying geometrically so that more recent encounters receive more weight. More recent transaction-specific satisfaction levels tend to have greater influence on customers’ next purchase SOW allocations; this, however, is only the case for customers who are less than highly satisfied, with a rating of 8 or lower on a ten-point scale. Additionally, the impact of transaction-specific satisfaction on SOW is not linear. Highly positive transaction-specific satisfaction levels have a greater impact on SOW than negative levels. Practical implications – Many companies monitor satisfaction across multiple service encounters. This study shows how one can aggregate these measures to arrive at a cumulative effect, and highlights the importance to discriminate between first, more and less recent encounters and second, low vs high levels of satisfaction to better understand customers’ spending among different providers. Originality/value – Using a longitudinal data set with real customers, this paper identifies a new measure for taking into account the cumulative satisfaction, identifies the positivity bias, and shows how recency affects the relationship between satisfaction and SOW.

scholarly journals When and Why Narcissists Exhibit Greater Hindsight Bias and Less Perceived Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1498-1528
Author(s):  
Satoris S. Howes ◽  
Edgar E. Kausel ◽  
Alexander T. Jackson ◽  
Jochen Reb
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Hindsight Bias ◽  
Counterfactual Thinking ◽  
Perceived Learning ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Total N ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The present research sought to examine the impact of narcissism, prediction accuracy, and should counterfactual thinking—which includes thoughts such as “I should have done something different”—on hindsight bias (the tendency to exaggerate in hindsight what one knew in foresight) and perceived learning. To test these effects, we conducted four studies (total n = 727). First, in Study 1 we examined a moderated mediation model, in which should counterfactual thinking mediates the relation between narcissism and hindsight bias, and this mediation is moderated by prediction accuracy such that the relationship is negative when predictions are accurate and positive when predictions are inaccurate after accurate predictions. Second, in Study 2 we examined a moderated sequential mediation model, in which the relation between narcissism and perceived learning is sequentially mediated through should counterfactual thinking and hindsight bias, and importantly, this sequential mediation is moderated by prediction accuracy. In Study 3 we ruled out could counterfactual thinking as an alternative explanation for the relationship between narcissism and hindsight bias. Finally, by manipulating should counterfactual thinking in Study 4, our findings suggest that this type of thinking has a causal effect on hindsight bias. We discuss why exhibiting some hindsight bias can be positive after failure. We also discuss implications for eliciting should counterfactual thinking. Our results help explain why narcissists may fail to learn from their experiences.

scholarly journals Integrated Crop-Livestock Management Effects on Soil Quality Dynamics in a Semiarid Region: A Typology of Soil Change Over Time

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ryschawy ◽  
M. A. Liebig ◽  
S. L. Kronberg ◽  
D. W. Archer ◽  
J. R. Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Over Time

Integrated crop-livestock systems can have subtle effects on soil quality over time, particularly in semiarid regions where soil responses to management occur slowly. We tested if analyzing temporal trajectories of soils could detect trends in soil quality data which were not detected using traditional statistical and index approaches. Principal component and cluster analyses were used to assess the evolution in ten soil properties at three sampling times within two production systems (annually cropped, perennial grass). Principal component 1 explained 33% of the total variance of the complete dataset and corresponded to gradients in extractable N, available P, and C : N ratio. Principal component 2 explained 25.4% of the variability and corresponded to gradients of soil pH, soil organic C, and total N. While previous analyses found no differences in Soil Quality Index (SQI) scores between production systems, annually cropped treatments and perennial grasslands were clearly distinguished by cluster analysis. Cluster analysis also identified greater dispersion between plots over time, suggesting an evolution in soil condition in response to management. Accordingly, multivariate statistical techniques serve as a valuable tool for analyzing data where responses to management are subtle or anticipated to occur slowly.

scholarly journals Soil Quality Dynamic and Rice Production of Three Different Rice Farming Systems in Sragen District, Central Java Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Sukristiyonubowo Sukristiyonubowo ◽  
Sugeng Widodo ◽  
Arif Anshori ◽  
Damasus Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Rice Residues

<p class="teksabst"><strong>Abstract.</strong><em> </em>The farmers realize that green revolution technology with high inputs is no longer sustainable, expensive and the yield decrease. Some farmers move to organic rice farming, semi organic, and the rest remain doing conventional rice farming. The research aim was to monitor soil quality dynamic and rice productions under three rice farming systems. This study was conducted in Vertisols at Sambung Macan Sub District, Sragen Regency. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments was organic, semi organic and conventional rice farming systems. The results indicated that in organic field, the soil quality in 2019 was more superior than in semi organic and conventional in 2018 and 2017 and soil qualities of semi organic system was better than conventional in terms of soil chemical, physical and biological including soil pH, organic C and total N, P and K total, soil bulk density, particle density, soil porosity and permeability. Similar finding was observed for rice biomass productions in 2019. In 2019 the rice grains yields were 12.68<strong>,</strong> 7.43 and 7.0, rice straw were 7.25, 6.55 and 6.25 and forrice residues were 4.15, 3.20 and 3.15 tons ha<sup>-1 </sup>season<sup>-1 in organic, semi organic and conventional systems, respectively. Compared to the conventional system, the organic increased about </sup>81%, 16% and 32% for rice grains, rice straw and rice residues, respectively. Compared to conventional, semi organic improved about 6%, 5% and 2% for rice grains, rice straw and rice residues, respectively.<strong></strong></p><strong>Abstrak. </strong>Petani menyadari bahwa green revolution technology tidak lumintu, biaya produksi mahal dan hasil panen menurun. Sebagian petani beralih ke budidaya padi organik, semi organik dan sebagian bertahan pada sistem konvensional dengan perbaikan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan kualitas tanah dan hasil brangkasan padi pada sistem padi organik, semi organik dan konvensional. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2017, 2018 dan 2019 pada tiga sistem budidaya padi di Kecamatan Sambung Macan, Sragen. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, dengan tiga ulangan dan sebagai perlakuan tiga budidaya padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas tanah pada budidaya organik pada tahun 2019 lebih unggul dibandingkan semi organik dan konvensional pada tahun 2018 dan 2017. Begitu juga kualitas tanah pada semi organik pada 2019 lebih baik dibandingkan budidaya konvensional. Hasil brangkasan padi pada budidaya organik tahun 2019 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tahun 2018 dan 2017 baik pada budidaya padi semi organik maupun konvensional. Hasil gabah, jerami dan sisa panen dari ketiga sistem budidaya padi pada tahun 2019 masing masing sebesar 12,68; 7,43 dan 7,0; jerami 7,25; 6,55 dan 6,25 dan sisa panen 4,15; 3,20 dan 3,15 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> musim<sup>-1</sup> untuk budidaya padi organik, semi organik dan konvensional. Dibandingkan dengan konvensional sistem, budidaya organik meningkat sekitar 81%, 16% and 32% untuk gabah, jerami dan sisa panen. Dibandingkan dengan konvensional, budidaya semi organik meningkat 6%, 5% and 2% untuk gabah, jerami dan sisa panen.

scholarly journals Ultisols fertility and morphological characteristics of N-fixing bacteria from oil palm rhizosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Oktari ◽  
Novilda Elizabeth Mustamu ◽  
Hilwa Walida
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Exploratory studies on microorganisms from the oil palm rhizosphere can be used to increase the nitrogen availability in acidic soils. The present study aimed to determine the soil nutrients and obtain the relationship among the soil chemical characteristics, as well as the morphological and microscopic characteristics of N-fixing bacteria isolates, in Ultisols from the oil palm rhizosphere. The Ultisols fertility was classified as very low to moderate. In addition, the increasing soil pH toward neutral increased the cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations (Ca2+, K+ and Mg2+), total N, organic C and available P. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolates with varied shapes (circular, concentric, irregular and diffuse) and edges (wavy, slippery and irregular) were found, and the dominant type of isolate presented raised elevation. Four types of isolate had a white color and only one a clear color. Three Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria isolates showed a bacillus shape.

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