TRACE ELEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF NORTHWESTERN ALBERTA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. SOON ◽  
S. ABBOUD
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Trace Element Contents ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Extractable Metals ◽  
Nickel Lead

Fifty-two surface soils and 11 subsoils collected from agricultural soils of the Peace River region of northwestern Alberta were analyzed for total and extractable contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. The purpose of this survey was to build up a data base on trace element contents of agricultural and environmental concerns for soils of this region. Extractable amounts were determined by DTPA-ammonium bicarbonate, 0.05 M EDTA, 0.1 M HCl and saturation extractions. Total Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Pb concentrations were similar to average values for "world" soils; Ni was less than and Zn greater than "world" average. Total Cr was higher and total Pb lower than average values reported for Canadian soils. Total Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were similar in surface and subsurface soils. Extractable Cd, Mn, Ni and Zn tended to be greater in surface soils compared to subsoils; Cu and Pb were higher in the clay-enriched subsoils. Among the surface soils, soils with higher amounts of organic matter contained greater amounts of total and extractable metals with few exceptions. Clay content was also closely correlated with the distribution and content of Cu, Pb and Cr. Few, if any, of the soils would be expected to be deficient in Cu, Mn or Zn for the production of crops. Key words: Cadmium, copper, chromium, manganese, nickel, lead, zinc

Water-stable aggregation and organic matter in four soils under conventional and zero tillage

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Franzluebbers ◽  
M. A. Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Soil Exposure

Zero tillage management reduces soil exposure and disturbance and, therefore, may improve soil aggregation and organic matter sequestration under some environments. We determined the distribution and soil organic C (SOC) content of five water-stable aggregate (WSA) classes at depths of 0–50, 50–125 and 125–200 mm in a loam, a slit loam, a clay loam, and a clay soil managed for 4–16 yr under conventional shallow tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) in the Peace River region of northern Alberta and British Columbia. Macroaggregation (> 0.25 mm and mean weight diameter (MWD) were greater under ZT than under CT in coarse-textured soils at a depth of 0–125 mm. Under CT, macroaggregation and MWD increased with increasing clay content, thereby reducing the potential of ZT to improve these properties in soils with high clay content. Concentration of SOC tended to be greatest in macroaggregates and lowest in microaggregates of coarse-textured soils, but was not different among WSA classes of fine-textured soils. Soil organic C content of macroaggregates under ZT was 0.34, 0.40, 0.62, and 0.16 kg m−2 greater than under CT at a depth of 0–200 mm in the loam, silt loam, clay loam and clay soil, respectively. Our results suggest that implementation of ZT in this cold semiarid climate can quickly improve WSA of coarse-textured soils and potentially increase SOC sequestration, albeit more slowly than in warmer more humid climates, when macroaggregation is improved. Key words: Aggregation, soil organic matter, soil texture, tillage

scholarly journals Calcium, magnesium and potassium in mineral soils from the southern half of Finland

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Mineral Soils

210 samples of mineral soils from the southern half of Finland with mainly an acid precambrian bedrock, were analysed for the total contents of Ca, Mg and K, and for the portion of these nutrients which could be exchanged by N NH4OAc (pH 7), dissolved by 0.1 N HCI at room temperature, or released by N HCI at 50° C. The total content of Ca was lowest in samples of heavy clay, 0.78±0.14 % in the surface soils and 0.92±0.10 % in the deeper layers. The mean content in the groups of other soils was at least about 1.1 %. The total content of Mg increased with an increase in the clay content (r = 0.81***). It ranged from 0.6±0.1 % in the sand and fine sand samples to 1.53±0.19 % in the heavy clay soils of the surface layers and to 1.89±0.12 % in those of the deeper layers. Also in the groups of loam and silt soils and of the coarser clay soils, respectively, the Mg content was in the deeper layers higher than in the surface soils. The total content of K also increased with the clay content (r=0.73***) from 1.7±0.1 % in the sand and fine sand soils to 2.74±0.21 % in the heavy clay soils of the surface layers and to 3.10±0.07 % in those of the deeper layers. The portion of exchangeable Ca was relatively high: in the groups of surface soils from more than one tenth to one third of the total amount. The corresponding average amounts released by even the more drastic treatment with acid were not markedly higher. Only a few per cents of total Mg were exchangeable and slightly higher amounts were dissolved by 0.1 N HCI, whereas the treatment with N HCI at 50° C released about half of the total Mg. Exchangeable K and K dissolved by 0,1 N HCI did not exceed 1 % of the total K, except slightly in the heavy clay soils; the average amounts released by N HCI ranged from 5 to 18 % of the total K. The plant availability of these nutrients was discussed.

scholarly journals The role of clay content and mineral surface area for soil organic carbon storage in an arable toposequence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen A. Schweizer ◽  
Carsten W. Mueller ◽  
Carmen Höschen ◽  
Pavel Ivanov ◽  
Ingrid Kögel-Knabner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Mineral Surface ◽  
Mineral Surface Area ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCorrelations between organic carbon (OC) and fine mineral particles corroborate the important role of the abundance of soil minerals with reactive surfaces to bind and increase the persistence of organic matter (OM). The storage of OM broadly consists of particulate and mineral-associated forms. Correlative studies on the impact of fine mineral soil particles on OM storage mostly combined data from differing sites potentially confounded by other environmental factors. Here, we analyzed OM storage in a soil clay content gradient of 5–37% with similar farm management and mineral composition. Throughout the clay gradient, soils contained 14 mg OC g−1 on average in the bulk soil without showing any systematic increase. Density fractionation revealed that a greater proportion of OC was stored as occluded particulate OM in the high clay soils (18–37% clay). In low clay soils (5–18% clay), the fine mineral-associated fractions had up to two times higher OC contents than high clay soils. Specific surface area measurements revealed that more mineral-associated OM was related to higher OC loading. This suggests that there is a potentially thicker accrual of more OM at the same mineral surface area within fine fractions of the low clay soils. With increasing clay content, OM storage forms contained more particulate OC and mineral-associated OC with a lower surface loading. This implies that fine mineral-associated OC storage in the studied agricultural soils was driven by thicker accrual of OM and decoupled from clay content limitations.

scholarly journals Butterflies of the Peace River Region of Alberta and British Columbia

Blue Jay ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert G. Kondla ◽  
Edward M. Pike ◽  
Felix A. H. Sperling
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region

Influence of soil texture on fertilizer and soil phosphorus transformations in Gleysolic soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zheng ◽  
L. E. Parent ◽  
J. A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Heavy Clay

The P dynamics in soils should be quantified in agricultural soils to improve fertilizer P (FP) efficiency while limiting the risk of P transfer from soils to water bodies. This study assessed P transformations following FP addition to Gleysolic soils. A pot experiment was conducted with five soils varying in texture from sandy loam to heavy clay, and receiving four FP rates under barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotations. A modified Hedley procedure was used for soil P fractionation. Soil resin-P and NaHCO3-Pi contents were interactively affected by texture and FP. The NaHCO3-Po, NaOH-Po, HCl-P and H2SO4-P were only affected by soil texture. Proportions of 78 and 90% of the variation in labile and total P were, respectively, related to soil clay content. The FP addition increased resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Pi and -Po contents in coarse-textured soils, but the amount added was not sufficient to mask the initial influence of soil texture on the sizes of soil P pools. Plant P uptake was proportional to FP rate but less closely linked to clay content. The average increase in labile P per unit of total FP added in excess of plant exports was 0.85, 0.8 2 , 0.73, 0.55 and 0.24 for the sandy loam, loam, clay loam, clay and heavy clay soil, respectively. The results of this study stress the important of considering soil texture in Gleysolic soils when assessing P accumulation and transformations in soils, due to commercial fertilizers applied in excess of crop removal. Key words: P fractions, clay content, fertilizer P, plant P uptake, soil texture

The forms of potassium and potassium adsorption in some virgin soils from south-western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Pal ◽  
R. J. Gilkes ◽  
M. T. F. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern District

This investigation was undertaken to determine the potassium (K) status and adsorption behaviour of 227 samples from horizons of 41 representative virgin soil profiles, extending from Geraldton in the north to the Great Southern district of Western Australia. X-ray diffraction analysis of random powder of whole soil indicated that quartz is the dominant mineral and some soils contain significant amounts of feldspars. Clay mineralogy is dominated by kaolinite but minor quantities of illite are present in some soils. Most south-west Australian agricultural soils contain little available K: NaHCO3-extractable K (NaHCO3-K, median value 0·09 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 35 mg K/kg soil), HNO3-extractable K (HNO3-K, median value 0·30 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 117 mg K/kg soil), and total K (XRF determined K, median value, 17 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 6630 mg K/kg soil). The proportion of water-soluble K (H2O-K) ranges from 0 to 3·5% of total K, 0 to 76% of HNO3-K, and 0 to nearly 100% of exchangeable K. Exchangeable K ranges from 0 to 100% (median value 37%) of HNO3-K. These are relatively high proportions of H2O-K and exchangeable K compared with soils from many other parts of the world. The amounts of all forms of K variously increase or decrease downwards in the soil profile depending on both clay content and mineralogy. The commonly assumed increase in K with clay content alone is invalid. The soils mostly have low-to-moderate values of K sorption capacity, ranging from 5% to 67% (median value 14%) of added K (initially 4·1 mM K/L, equivalent to 4·1 cmol K/kg). otassium sorption isotherms conform well to the Freundlich equation. The inability of the Langmuir equation to describe the data may indicate that there are several types of K sorption sites in these soils. The Gapon coefficient KG varied widely from 0·04 to 29·8 (L/mol) ½ [median value 5·4 (L/mol) ½ ].

Seasonal emergence patterns of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in the Peace River region, Alberta, Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Amanda Jorgensen ◽  
Maya L. Evenden ◽  
Owen Olfert ◽  
Jennifer Otani
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Phenological Model ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
River Region ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall

Abstract Wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is an invasive pest of wheat, Triticum spp. (Poaceae), in North America and is found in all wheat-growing regions of the world. Wheat midge biology, particularly post-diapause emergence of adults, varies with geographic region. The biology of wheat midge has not previously been examined in the northernmost area of its range in Canada – the Peace River region of Alberta. Wheat midge adult emergence was compared in situ to two phenological models of wheat midge emergence developed in other geographic regions. In-field adult emergence did not match the published phenological models. In the Peace River region, adults emerged later than are predicted by both models and precision for both models was low. With the Saskatchewan model, accumulated rainfall that was more than 110 mm in May and early June delayed emergence, whereas accumulated rainfall that was less than 43 mm during that period caused earlier than predicted emergence. Multiple peaks of wheat midge emergence, up to 20 days apart, were observed at some sites, supporting the Jacquemin model depicting “waves” of emergence. Including differences in soil temperature accumulation related to precipitation and optimising the model temperature thresholds would improve accuracy of the current Canadian phenological model in the Peace River region.

B-COMPLEX VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION OF PIG RATIONS BASED ON BARLEY GROWN ON GREY WOODED SOILS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Owen ◽  
A. Reddon ◽  
F. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
B Vitamin

Ninety-two sows and two hundred and sixteen pigs were employed in four gestation-lactation and three growing-finishing experiments to determine the adequacy of barley grown on the Grey Wooded soils of the Peace River region in northwestern Canada, as a source of riboflavin, pantothenic and nicotinic acid in swine rations. Vitamin B12 was assessed as a dietary essential in the all-plant rations. In the gestation-lactation experiments sow gains during gestation were greater in the B-vitamin supplemented lot and a trend toward heavier weaning weights of pigs was evident. Vitamin supplementation increased the level of vitamin B12 in sow’s milk collected 1 week post-partum and of both riboflavin and pantothenic acid collected 1 week and 6 weeks post-partum. Nicotinic acid content of sows’ milk was unaffected by supplementation. There was a highly significant decrease in riboflavin level in both control and supplemented lots between 1 and 6 weeks following parturition. The decrease was greatest in the unsupplemented lot.B-vitamin supplementation did not affect growing period gains or pig carcass quality in the growing-finishing experiments. However, certain significant growth responses were noted in the finishing period.The data indicate that the basal rations employed contained adequate riboflavin, pantothenic and nicotinic acid to support normal gestation, lactation and growth in Yorkshire swine.

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