FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SURVIVAL AND ACTIVITY OF A PENTACHLOROPHENOL-DEGRADING Flavobacterium sp. IN SOIL SLURRIES

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD TOPP ◽  
RICHARD S. HANSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sterile Soil ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Copper Chromate

The effects of soil type, supplementation with carbon or inorganic nutrients, creosote, and copper/chromate/arsenate (CCA) mixtures, on viability and pentachlorophenol (PCP) degradation by inoculants of a PCP-degrading Flavobacterium sp. were examined in phosphate-buffered soil slurries. Populations of 108Flavobacterium/mL in non-sterile slurries prepared with clay loam, silt loam, or loamy sand declined by at least 95% within 3 d. Populations were stable for at least a week in heat-sterilized clay loam slurries but addition of non-sterile soil resulted in rapid death of the Flavobacterium sp. Supplementation with 4 g L−1 Na-glutamate or glucose, promoted the growth of the Flavobacterium sp. in non-sterile clay loam slurries. Supplementation with 1 g L−1 Na-glutamate, glucose, or p-hydroxybenzoate stimulated PCP degradation when the Flavobacterium sp. was inoculated at ≥ 108 cells mL−1 and the PCP concentration was less than 150 mg L−1. Addition of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], Mg2+, and Fe2+ together did not stimulate growth. Populations of culturable indigenous bacteria were larger in soil containing 50–300 mg L−1 PCP than in controls. Addition of PCP favored the predominance of one colony type identified as a pseudomonad. Creosote of CCA mixtures, pollutants often found together with PCP contamination, were inhibitory to the Flavobacterium sp. in soil extract. Key words: Pentachlorophenol, biodegradation, Flavobacterium, soil slurries

Fertility studies in relation to soil type

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
F. W. Calder ◽  
L. B. Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Basic Reason ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

SummaryThree soil types – Pugwash sandy clay loam, Woodburn gravelly loam and Kirkhill silt loam – were compared by response to fertility treatments over two cycles of a 4-year rotation of 1 -year oats (AvenasativaL.) and 3 years of a grass-legume mixture for hay production. A rotation was started each year on a new section of the experimental site during the first rotation so that all crops were being grown in any one year. Treatments were: N; 0, 56, 112 kg/ha for the first rotation, 0, 168 and 336 kg/ha for the second rotation; P2O5; 0, 84, 168 kg/ha, first rotation, 0, 252 and 504 kg/ha, second rotation; K2O; 0, 67, 134 kg/ha, first rotation, 0, 252 and 504 kg/ha, second rotation. Manure was applied at 0 and 22 t/ha. There was a significant difference in yield for the three soil types for first-, second- and third-year hay crops. Manure increased yield of all hay crops on all three soils, and oat yields on Woodburn and Kirkhill soils. There were varying responses to rates of application of individual nutrients on different soil types. Percentage of species in the hay stands varied between soil types and between years. The differences found between soil types support the basic reason for classifying and mapping soils.

Effect of Soil Type and pH on Adsorption, Mobility, and Efficacy of Imazaquin and Imazethapyr

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Stougaard ◽  
P. J. Shea ◽  
A. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Steric Factors ◽  
Loam Soil

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine imazaquin and imazethapyr adsorption, mobility, and efficacy in Sharpsburg silty clay loam, Holdrege silt loam, and Tripp sandy loam soils after adjusting pH to 5, 6, and 7. Both herbicides were more strongly absorbed, less mobile, and less efficacious at a lower pH. Observations were attributed to ionic bonding resulting from protonation of basic functional groups on the herbicide molecules as pH decreased. Adsorption was greatest in the silty clay loam and least in the sandy loam soil. Conversely, the herbicides were more efficacious and mobile in the more coarse-textured soils. Imazethapyr was less mobile, more highly adsorbed, and more phytotoxic than imazaquin. Greater adsorption of imazethapyr was attributed to a stronger basic pKaand steric factors.

Runoff losses of cyanazine and metolachlor: effects of soil type and precipitation timing

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Stephen M. Schraer ◽  
Joby M. Prince ◽  
Michele Boyette ◽  
William L. Kingery
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Precipitation Timing ◽  
Runoff Losses

The effects of time of precipitation and soil type on runoff losses of cyanazine and metolachlor were studied using a tilted-bed, microplot system. Two silt loam soils, Bosket and Dubbs, and a Sharkey silty clay were evaluated. Rainfall (22 mm h−1) was simulated at 0, 2, and 14 days after treatment (DAT). Time of precipitation did not impact herbicide losses or any of the runoff parameters evaluated in this study. Water runoff occurred sooner and in greater quantities from the surfaces of Bosket and Dubbs silt loam soils than from the surface of Sharkey silty clay. Runoff losses of cyanazine did not vary by soil type. Soil drying produced large cracks in Sharkey silty clay, which greatly reduced runoff in this soil. Combined runoff and leachate losses were highest from Dubbs silt loam. Runoff losses of metolachlor were not affected by soil type. However, regression analyses indicated that time of precipitation and soil type interacted to affect initial metolachlor concentration. At 14 DAT, initial metolachlor concentration was highest in runoff from Sharkey soil. Time of precipitation ranked with respect to initial metolachlor concentration in runoff from Bosket and Dubbs silt loam soils were 0 > 2 > 14 DAT and 0 = 2 > 14 DAT, respectively.

CHANGES WITH TIME IN THE FORM AND AVAILABILITY OF RESIDUAL FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS ON CHERNOZEMIC SOILS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. WAGAR ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART ◽  
J. O. MOIR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Labile P ◽  
P Transformations ◽  
Stable Forms

A sequential phosphorus (P) fractionation procedure was used to measure the changes in the labile and stable forms of inorganic and organic P following single broadcast P applications to Canadian Chernozemic soils under cereal cropping. Approximately half of the fertilizer residues remained in plant-available forms (resin, NaHCO3). In a Black Waskada clay loam 8 yr after the application of 200 and 400 kg P ha−1, residual fertilizer P consisted of resin-P, 30–40%; HCl-P, 25–30%; residue-P, 10–15%; NaOH-P, 10–15%, NaHCO3-P, 10%; and aggregate protected P, 3%. The residues in a Dark Brown Sutherland clay 5 yr after the application of 160 kg P ha−1 were: resin-P, 35%; NaOH-P, 30–40%; NaHCO3-P, 15%; HCl-P, 0–5%; H2SO4-P, 5%; and aggregate protected P, 5%. The soils differed in the quantity of fertilizer recovered in inorganic HCl-extractable forms. In the Sutherland soil the change from wheat-fallow to continuous wheat cropping produced a build-up of organic P which occurred with and without the addition of P fertilizer. Key words: Residual P, P transformations, Labile Pi; labile Po, stable Pi stable Po

scholarly journals The role of perceived threat to freedom of choice in children's preference for scarcity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Harper
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Reactance Theory ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Children's Development

The present research investigated the role of perceived threat to freedom of choice in children’s development of preference for scarcity. In two experiments, 5- to 7-year-olds assisted a fictional agent in choosing between relatively scarce versus abundant toys in a “virtual shop.” Experiment 1 investigated the role of extremity of scarcity in children’s preference for scarcity, while Experiment 2 investigated the role of the presence of competition. These two factors were anticipated to activate perceived threat to freedom to choose the scarce objects, resulting in motivational arousal to choose the scarce objects. Overall, a preference for scarcity increased with age. When threat to freedom of choice was induced, 7-year-olds showed a robust preference for scarcity in both experiments. The findings are discussed in the context of reactance theory and other factors influencing children’s patterns of responses, including prosociality. This research contributes to our understanding of children’s use of statistical information. Key words: scarcity, threat to freedom of choice, psychological reactance

Study of factors influencing the transformation of mountain geosystems on the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Zeynəb Zəkəriyyə qızı Qurbanzadə ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
The South ◽  
Anthropogenic Changes ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
South Slope

In the article touched such issues as anthropogenic changes in the landscapes of the south slope of the Greater Caucasus, ecological study of enviromental impact, landscape optimization. There are also suggestions for more efficient use of rapidly growing anthropogenically affected landscapes. Key words: anthropogenic changes, Greater Caucasus, south slope, optimization, landscape Azərbaycanın şimal-şərq hissələrini əhatə edən təbii iqlim şəraiti, heyvanat və bitki aləminə, turizm və istirahət üçün əvəzolunmaz məziyyətlərinə, həm də zəngin yeraltı sərvətlərinə görə respublikamızın nadir ərazilərindən biri olan Böyük Qafqazın cənub yamacı getdikcə daha da intensivləşən antropogen təsirlərə məruz qalan bir tədqiqat obyekti kimi nəzəri cəlb edir.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hipogea) DAN SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria) DI ANTARA TANAMAN KELAPA DI SUKABUMI JAWA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
HANDI SUPRIADI ◽  
H. T. LUNTUNGAN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Female Flowers

<p>Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2001 di Desa Caringinnunggal, Kecamatan Waluran, Kabupaten Sukabumi, yang bcrada pada kelinggian 250 m di atas permukaan laut, tipe iklim B2 (Oldeman) dan jenis tanahnya Podsolik Merah Kuning. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan model polatanam kelapa yang diuji sebagai berikut (1) kelapa + sengon 140 pohon/ha ♦ kacang tanah, (2) kelapa + sengon 280 pohon/ha + kacang tanah, (3) kelapa + sengon 420 pohon/ha ♦ kacang tanah, (4) kelapa + sengon 560 pohon/ha + kacang tanah, (5) kelapa + sengon 700 pohon/ha + kacang tanah dan (6) kelapa monokultur. 'Tujuan dai penelitian ini untuk mcngciahui pertumbuhan dan produksi dari beberapa model polatanam kelapa dengan tanaman sela kacang tanah dan sengon. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap parameter agronomi meliputi data petumbuhan kacang tanah, sengon dan kelapa seta data produksi kacang tanah. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produktivitas kacang tanah pada polatanam kelapa * sengon 700 pohon/ha + kacang tanah prospektif dengan hasil mencapai 2 183 kg/ha dengan tinggi tanaman 30.25 cm dan polong isi sebanyak 9.65 buah. Sedang untuk tanaman sengon tingginya telah mencapai 312.3 cm dengan diameter 10.57 cm. Adanya tanaman sela diantara kelapa tidak menurunkan pembentukan jumlah daun, jumlah bunga betina dan jumlah tandan tanaman kelapa.</p><p>Kata kunci: Cocos nucifera, Paraserianthes falcataria, Arachis hipogea, polatanam</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Growth and producion of peanut and albizia between coconut palms in Sukabumi, West Java</strong></p><p>The study was conducted from January to December 2001 at Caringinnunggal, Sukabumi 250 m above sea level with type of climate Bj according to Oldeman and soil type Red Yellow Podsolic. The expeiment was designed as a randomized block in 4 replicates. The cropping system models consisted of : (1) Coconut + albizia 140 trees/ha ♦ peanut (2) Coconut + albizia 280 trees/ha ♦ peanut. (3) Coconut + albizia 420 trees/ha + peanut, (4) Coconut + albizia 560 trees/ha + peanut, (5) Coconut + albizia 700 trees/ha + peanut and (6) Coconut as a control The purpose of this experiment was to know the growth and productivity of several fanning systems with intercrops in between coconut. The results of the research showed that the peanut production in the cropping system of coconut + albizia 700 trees/ha + peanut reached 2 183 kg/ha, peanut plant height 30.25 cm, mature pods 9.65/plant. While Ihe height of albizia plant reached 3)2.3 cm, stem diameter 10.57 cm. The intercrops planted in between the coconut palms did not reduce the number of leaves, the number of female flowers, and (he number of bunches.</p><p>Key words : Cocos nucifera, Paraserianthes falcataria. Arachis hipogea, cropping system, production</p>

Influence of Various Soil Properties on the Adsorption and Desorption of ICIA-0051 in Five Soils

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Wilson ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
General Order ◽  
Highly Correlated

The soil organic matter and/or humic matter fraction was highly correlated with the adsorption of ICIA-0051 herbicide onto five soils; clay content and other soil factors were less correlated. The Freundlich equation was used to describe the adsorption of ICIA-0051 by the various soils. Based on the K constants, the general order for adsorption for each soil was Hyde silty clay loam > Frederick silt loam > Davidson clay = Bojac sandy loam > Appling loamy sand. Across all soils, 25 to 50% of the amount adsorbed was removed by two desorptions. Appling, Bojac, and Davidson soils retained less herbicide after two desorptions than did Frederick and Hyde.

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