EFFETS DE DIFFERENTES PRATIQUES SYLVICOLES ET DE L'INTRODUCTION DE VERS DE TERRE SUR LA STRUCTURE DU SOL EN PLANTATIONS DE FEUILLUS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BRAIS ◽  
P. BHÉREUR ◽  
D. GAGNON ◽  
D. CODERRE
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Silvicultural Practices ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Companion Species ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control ◽  
Earthworm Lumbricus

Impacts of silvicultural practices on soil structure were evaluated in hardwood plantations. On two different sites, four treatments (mechanical weed control, herbicide weed control, seeding of nitrogen-fixing companion species and a control) were undertaken, with and without earthworm introduction, according to a complete randomized block design. Treatments had significant effects on the water stability of soil aggregates, macroporosity and bulk density. Earthworm introduction significantly increased macroporosity in control plots while decreasing it in the three other treatments. Key words: Soil structure, silvicultural practices, earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris

scholarly journals Pengaruh kombinasi jamur Trichoderma harzianum dan bokashi terhadap pertumbuhan tiga kultivar kedelai

Kultivasi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosiman Rosiman ◽  
Sumadi Sumadi ◽  
Meddy Rachmadi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors

AbstrakPupuk Bokashi dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah melalui pembentukan agregat tanah sehingga dapat memperbaiki struktur tanah. Penambahan Trichoderna harzianum pada bokashi dapat mempercepat proses dekomposisi, menjaga kesuburan media, dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kombinasi Trichoderma harzianum dan pupuk bokashi untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga kultivar kedelai. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pada dua faktor terhadap tiga kultivar kedelai (Ringgit, Wilis, dan Anjasmoro) dengan kombinasi Trichoderma harzianum dan Bokashi 0 t/ha, 5 t/ha, 10 t/ha, dan 15 t/ha. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas kombinasi Trichoderma harzianum dan bokashi pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tergantung pada masing-masing kultivar. dosis kombinasi 5 t/ha Trichoderma harzianum dan bokashi dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil kultivar Ringgit, Wilis dan Anjasmoro.Kata Kunci: Trichoderma harziaum, bokashi, pertumbuhan, kedelai AbstractBokashi fertilizer can increase soil fertility through the formation of soil aggregates so that it can improve soil structure. The addition of Trichoderna harzianum to bokashi can accelerate the decomposition process, maintain media fertility, and increase plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate the combination of Trichoderma harzianum and bokashi fertilizer to increase the growth and yield of three soybean cultivars. The study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors: three soybean cultivars (Ringgit, Wilis, and Anjasmoro) and combination of Trichoderma harzianum and Bokashi 0 t/ha, 5 t/ha, 10 t/ha, and 15 t/ha. The results of this study indicated that the effectiveness of the combination of Trichoderma harzianum and bokashi on growth and yield depends on each cultivar. The combined dose of 5 t/ha Trichoderma harzianum and bokashi could increase the growth and yield of cultivar Ringgit, Wilis and Anjasmoro.Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum, bokashi, growth, soybean

scholarly journals The Method and Timing of Weed Control Affect the Productivity of Intercropped Maize (Zea mays L.) and Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Sabine Andert
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Intercropping results in high overall system productivity on a given piece of land due to the efficient use of available plant growth resources. Weed control in intercropping systems is, however, still a challenge. This study focuses on the effect of the type of weed control (chemical/mechanical) and the timing of chemical herbicide application (pre-emergence/post-emergence) on weed control and crop productivity in a maize bean mixture. For this purpose, the results of a three-year field experiment (2017 to 2019) in northeast Germany will be presented. The experimental setup included a control, three chemical methods, and one mechanical method of weed control. Except for the mechanical treatment, a completely randomized block design was established. Weeds were assessed at BBCH 12 of the maize, immediately before the first weed control treatments to estimate the initial weed infestation, and twice in the six to eight leaf stage of the maize. The weed coverage (%) was estimated. The maize bean mixture was harvested and yields (t ha−1) were measured. The results confirm that the type of weed control, as well as the timing of herbicide application, significantly affects the weed coverage of the maize bean mixture. The most successful weed control strategy was the double chemical herbicide application, in which chemical herbicides are in used pre-emergence beans (BBCH 12 maize) and post-emergence beans (BBCH 12 bean). Weed coverage was reduced by up to 75% using this most effective herbicide strategy and by up to 61% through mechanical weed control, compared to the control. The additional effects of post-emergence treatment on the pre-emergence herbicide control resulted in a 16.5% weed coverage decline. The yield surplus of double chemical herbicide application (pre/post-emergence) was up to 53%, and for the mechanical weed control up to 23%. Additionally, post-emergence herbicide use in intercropped maize and bean resulted in a 16% yield surplus, compared to the single pre-emergence chemical weed control. Optimal timing of weed control during the most sensitive phenology stages of the maize bean mixture is crucial for productivity. The results of this study provide an additional option for suitable weed control of intercropped maize and bean.

scholarly journals Effects of early compost application on no-till organic soybean

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A.O. Penha ◽  
C.A. Khatounian ◽  
I.C.B Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Till ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control ◽  
Compost Manure

Weed control has always been an important issue in agriculture. With the advent of no-till systems, soil erosion was reduced but herbicide use was increased. Organic no-till systems try to adjust reduced erosion to the no use of herbicides. Nevertheless, this adjustment is limited by the cost of mechanical weed control. This cost may be reduced by improved cultural weed control with cover crops mulches. In this paper we report a study on the application of compost manure on an oats winter cover crop, preceding soybean, instead of on the soybean summer crop. Treatments comprised a control without compost manure, and compost manure doses of 4 and 8 Mg ha-1 applied either on oats in winter or soybean in summer, organized in a randomized block design, with five replications. In summer, plots were split into weed-controlled or not controlled subplots. The timing of application and the manure doses did not affect the oats biomass or the soybean performance. However, in summer, without water stress, the application of manure at 8 Mg ha-1 directly on soybean has reduced weed biomass in this crop.

scholarly journals Nitrogen topdressing and application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2301-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHEUS G. SILVA ◽  
ORIVALDO ARF ◽  
PAULO E. TEODORO
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of interaction between nitrogen topdressing and different application ways (active ingredients) a.i. fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean. The experiment was conducted during winter 2003 in Selvíria/MS. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x7. The first factor was composed by the absence or presence of nitrogen topdressing, while the second factor consisted of different application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen. The following variables were measured: leaf N content, dry matter of plants, yield components (number of pods plant-1, number of grains plant-1, the average number of grains pod-1 and mass of 100 grains), grain yield, phytotoxicity and weed control percentage. The nitrogen topdressing with 75 kg ha-1provided higher dry matter of plants, higher weed control and higher common bean yield of irrigated winter. In the absence of nitrogen topdressing in the application of urea before or together to fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen increased their effectiveness in controlling weeds without interference in the agronomic performance of common bean.

scholarly journals Weed control in corn and weed sample size for growth evaluations

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Tavella ◽  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
V.R. Oliveira ◽  
P.L.O. Fernandes ◽  
R.P. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Viable Seeds

The objectives of this study were to evaluate baby corn yield, green corn yield, and grain yield in corn cultivar BM 3061, with weed control achieved via a combination of hoeing and intercropping with gliricidia, and determine how sample size influences weed growth evaluation accuracy. A randomized block design with ten replicates was used. The cultivar was submitted to the following treatments: A = hoeings at 20 and 40 days after corn sowing (DACS), B = hoeing at 20 DACS + gliricidia sowing after hoeing, C = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing + hoeing at 40 DACS, D = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing, and E = no hoeing. Gliricidia was sown at a density of 30 viable seeds m-2. After harvesting the mature ears, the area of each plot was divided into eight sampling units measuring 1.2 m² each to evaluate weed growth (above-ground dry biomass). Treatment A provided the highest baby corn, green corn, and grain yields. Treatment B did not differ from treatment A with respect to the yield values for the three products, and was equivalent to treatment C for green corn yield, but was superior to C with regard to baby corn weight and grain yield. Treatments D and E provided similar yields and were inferior to the other treatments. Therefore, treatment B is a promising one. The relation between coefficient of experimental variation (CV) and sample size (S) to evaluate growth of the above-ground part of the weeds was given by the equation CV = 37.57 S-0.15, i.e., CV decreased as S increased. The optimal sample size indicated by this equation was 4.3 m².

scholarly journals Soil uses in the sugarcane fallow period to improve chemical and physical properties of two latosols (oxisols)

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Fernandes ◽  
José Eduardo Corá ◽  
Adolfo Valente Marcelo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
In The Beginning

Sugarcane production should be integrated with crop diversification with a view to competitive and sustainable results in economic, social and environmental aspects. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of different soil uses during the sugarcane fallow period on the chemical and physical properties of eutroferric Red Latosol - LVef (Oxisol) and Acric Latosol - LVw (Acric Oxisol), in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil (21º14'05'' S, 48º17'09'' W, 600 m asl). A randomized block design was used with five replications and four treatments, consisting of different soil uses (crops) in the sugarcane fallow period: soybean only, soybean/fallow/soybean, soybean/millet/soybean, and soybean/sunn hemp/soybean. After two soybean crops, the LVef chemical properties remained at intermediate to high levels; while those of the LVw, classified as intermediate to high in the beginning, increased to high levels. Thus, the different soil uses during the sugarcane fallow period allowed the maintenance of LVef fertility levels and the improvement of those of the LVw. Two soybean crops increased macroporosity in the 0.0-0.1 m layer of the LVef; reduced soil aggregates in the 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m layers of both soils, and reduced aggregate stability in these two layers of the LVw. Planting pearl millet or sunn hemp between the two soybean growing seasons promoted the formation of larger soil aggregates in the surface layer (0.0-0.1 m) of the LVw.

Optimizing the Application Time of Pre-emergence Herbicide Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen Application for Effective Weed Management in Irrigated Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) and Its Residue Persistence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvakumar ◽  
R. Ajaykumar ◽  
A. Ammaiyappan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

Background: Time of pre-emergence herbicide application is an important factor that decides the efficiency of herbicide. If the pre-emergence herbicide is not applied at appropriate time, it may cause ineffective weed control or toxicity to crops. With this background, a field experiment was conducted at TNAU, Madurai to optimize the time of pre-emergence herbicides namely pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen application for effective weed management in irrigated blackgram. Methods: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replication. Treatments were application of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 and oxyfluorfen at 0.2 kg ha-1 on 1, 2, 3, 4 days after sowing, weed free check and unweeded check. Result: Results of the study revealed that oxyfluorfen gave maximum weed control efficiency as compared to pendimethalin, but toxicity to the crop was observed when oxyfluorfen was sprayed after 2 days of sowing. Yield and economics were achieved higher with application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS, which was on par with application of 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS due to lesser toxicity. Application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen didn’t leave any herbicide residue after harvest. Hence, application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS can be recommended for effective weed management in irrigated balckgram.

scholarly journals Potential use of ash from sugarcane bagasse to produce passion fruit seedlings

2020 ◽  
pp. 408-414
Author(s):  
Henrique Guimarães de Favare ◽  
Sandra da Costa Preisigke ◽  
Leonarda Grillo Neves ◽  
Kelly Lana Araújo ◽  
Milson Evaldo Serafim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Family ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Potential Use

The production of good quality passion fruit seedlings depends on substrates with adequate physical and chemical characteristics. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of doses of ash from burning of sugarcane bagasse on improvement of traits of the substrate "gully soil". The experiment was set up in a greenhouse and arranged in randomized block design, in a 2x7x2 factorial scheme. The following factors and their respective levels were studied: (i) soil structure,- aggregating between 4 and 10 mm and <2 mm; (ii) ash doses - 0; 1.5; 3; 6; 12; 24; and 48 t ha-1; (iii) families of passion fruit - F29 and F48. The use of ash combined to the soil with structure <2mm significantly increased the production of shoot fresh mass and shoot dry mass for both families studied. The density of the substrate obtained by the mixture of ash and gully soil (soil) decreased as ash doses increased, regardless of the size of the aggregates and the family studied.

scholarly journals Economic Feasibility of Chemical Weed Control in Soybean Production in Serbia

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Meseldžija ◽  
Miloš Rajković ◽  
Milica Dudić ◽  
Milica Vranešević ◽  
Atila Bezdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Economic Justification ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Economic Injury

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and phytotoxicity of herbicides in combinations and to determine their economic feasibility in the soybean crop. The trials were placed at two locations, Pobeda and Budisava (Serbia), during 2016 and 2018, organized in a randomized block design with four replicates of all herbicide combinations (metribuzin + S-metolachlor; imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl; metribuzin + S-metolachlor + imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl; and bentazon + imazamox + typhenesulfuron-methyl). At the first location, 16 weed species were determined, while in the second location, 14 were determined. The highest reduction in the number of weeds was achieved at the first location, using a combination of herbicides metribuzin + S-metolachlor + imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl with a total efficacy that ranged from 96.98% to 97.40%. Only on the second location bentazone + imazamox + tifensulfuron-methyl showed passable phytotoxicity on soybean, during both years. Based on the established economic justification, in the combinations of metribuzin + S-metolachlor + imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl, yield was increased for 2350 kg/ha or 1.91 times more, according to the untreated variant at first location. The economic injury level at the most effective combination of herbicides was 52.70 weeds/m2.

scholarly journals Effects of weed management and plant arrangements on yield index of sweet sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Matias Reis ◽  
Matheus Souza Freitas ◽  
Daniel Valadão Silva ◽  
Gustavo Antônio Mendes Pereira ◽  
Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
And Control

Sweet sorghum is currently an important alternative for ethanol production in sugar cane off-season. In this study was to evaluate the effects of plant arrangements and the application of atrazine and S-metolachlor on growth and productivity of sweet sorghum. An experiment was conducted in randomized block design and, arranged in split plots with four repetitions. Plots consisted of spacing (0.25 m, 0.45 m 0.45-0.45-0.90 m) and sub-plots of weed control methods - atrazine (2000 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 720 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 960 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 1200 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 1440 g ha-1). Besides that, manual hoeing control was added. The intoxication of sorghum plants and weed control was evaluated at 7, 14 e 28 days after herbicides application (DAA). Plant height, stem diameter, total fresh matter, juice mass and total soluble solids (°Brix) were evaluated at 120 days after crop emergence (DAE).  There was no interaction between the factors spacings and control method for variables total matter fresh (TMF), height (H), stem diameter (D), juice mass (JM), and Brix. Application of the mixture (atrazine + S-metolachlor) in the highest doses reduced total fresh matter and °Brix. The spacing of 0.25 m provided the highest productivity of fresh matter, juice mass and increased the °Brix. The application of mixture (atrazine + S-metolachlor) controlled 90% of the weeds at 28 days after application. The increasing in doses of S-metolachlor elevates the intoxication in sorghum plants. The mixture (atrazine + S-metolachlor) has a potential for use in weed control in sweet sorghum, but at doses below 960 g ha-1 of S-metolachlor. metolachlor.

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