DISSOLUTION DES COMPOSÉS FERRUGINEUX ET ALUMINEUX DES HORIZONS B PODZOLIQUES DE SOLS DU QUÉBEC PAR LE DITHIONITE-CITRATE-BICARBONATE, L'OXALATE, LE PYROPHOSPHATE ET LE TÉTRABORATE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. PAGÉ ◽  
C. R. DE KIMPE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Inorganic Oxides ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Total Organic C

Organic matter, Fe and Al were determined in dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (d), oxalate (o), pyrophosphate (p) and tetraborate (t) extracts from Quebec Podzolic B horizons in order to evaluate the ability of these reagents to extract the organo-metallic complexes as well as inorganic oxides and hydroxides, and to verify the appropriateness of soil classification criteria. Dithionite solubilized most of the Fe whereas oxalate extracted most of the Al compounds; the ability of the same reagents to extract Al and Fe, respectively, was directly related to the amount of organo-metallic complexes. Pyrophosphate extracted not only complexes but also inorganic compounds while tetraborate extracted mainly complexes. Organic matter extraction by dithionite, oxalate and tetraborate was enhanced by a high fulvic acid content; it was highest in the Bh and lowest in the Bf horizons. Organic matter, Fe and Al extraction by tetraborate was reduced in the presence of a large Fe-inorganic compounds content. These results indicated that extracting ability of the reagents depends on the nature of the B horizons, except for Fe extraction by dithionite and Al extraction by oxalate. Consequently, Fe and Al extraction by pyrophosphate or tetraborate is not appropriate for classification purposes. Differentiation of Bh horizons from other Podzolic B horizons was possible by using the total organic C to Fed + Alo ratio, because the ratio was > 3 for Bh horizons and < 3 for Bf and Bhf horizons. Key words: Organic matter, iron, aluminum, Podzolic B horizons, extraction reagents

Microbial and biochemical changes induced by rotation and tillage in a soil under barley production

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Angers ◽  
N. Bissonnette ◽  
A. Légère ◽  
N. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Total Organic C

Crop rotations and tillage practices can modify not only the total amount of organic matter (OM) in soils but also its composition. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in total organic C, microbial biomass C (MBC), carbohydrates and alkaline phosphatase activity induced by 4 yr of different rotation and tillage combinations on a Kamouraska clay in La Pocatière, Quebec. Two rotations (continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) versus a 2-yr barley–red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) rotation) and three tillage treatments (moldboard plowing (MP), chisel plowing (CP) and no-tillage (NT)) were compared in a split-plot design. Total organic C was affected by the tillage treatments but not by the rotations. In the top soil layer (0–7.5 cm), NT and CP treatments had C contents 20% higher than the MP treatment. In the same soil layer, MBC averaged 300 mg C kg−1 in the MP treatment and up to 600 mg C kg−1 in the NT soil. Hot-water-extractable and acid-hydrolyzable carbohydrates were on average 40% greater under reduced tillage than under MP. Both carbohydrate fractions were also slightly larger in the rotation than in the soil under continuous barley. The ratios of MBC and carbohydrate C to total organic C suggested that there was a significant enrichment of the OM in labile forms as tillage intensity was reduced. Alkaline phosphatase activity was 50% higher under NT and 20% higher under CP treatments than under MP treatment and, on average, 15% larger in the rotation than in the continuous barley treatment. Overall, the management-induced differences were slightly greater in the top layer (0–7.5 cm) than in the lower layer of the Ap horizon (7.5–15 cm). All the properties measured were highly correlated with one another. They also showed significant temporal variations that were, in most cases, independent of the treatments. Four years of conservation tillage and, to a lesser extent, rotation with red clover resulted in greater OM in the top soil layer compared with the more intensive systems. This organic matter was enriched in labile forms. Key words: Soil management, soil quality, organic matter, carbohydrates, microbial biomass, phosphatase

scholarly journals Casting Activity ofScherotheca gigasin No-Till Mediterranean Soils: Role in Organic Matter Incorporation and Influence of Aridity

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Bescansa ◽  
Iñigo Virto ◽  
Oihane Fernández-Ugalde ◽  
María José Imaz ◽  
Alberto Enrique
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Organic C ◽  
No Till ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Casting Activity ◽  
Total Organic C

The behaviour of earthworms, their role in organic matter incorporation into the soil, and the influence of aridity in such processes in arid and semiarid regions have scarcely been studied. In this study, physico-chemical analyses of the casts and the surrounding no-till agricultural soils of three experimental sites representing an aridity gradient in Navarre (NW Spain) were done. The casts were formed by the activity of the only anecic species,Scherotheca gigas(Dugès, 1828), ubiquitous in no-till soils in this region. We observed a significant depletion of clay and higher concentration of total organic C and labile C in the form of particulate organic matter (POM) in the casts as compared to the surrounding soil, suggesting selective ingestion of soil byS. gigas. This, together with the observation of increased concentration in POM with increasing aridity, suggests a major role of this species in the observed progressive gains of organic C stocks in no-till soils in the region.

Impact of long-term cultivation on the status of organic matter and cadmium in soil

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. E. McArthur ◽  
P M Huang ◽  
L M Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Total Organic C ◽  
Soil Cd ◽  
Cultivated Soils

Research has suggested a link between the bioavailability of soil Cd and total soil organic matter. However, some research suggested a negative relationship between total soil organic matter and bioavailable soil Cd while other research suggested a positive relationship. This study investigated the relationship between soil Cd and both the quantity and quality of soil organic matter as influenced by long-term cultivation. Two Orthic Chernozemic surface soil samples, one from a virgin prairie and the other from an adjacent cultivated prairie, were collected from each of 12 different sites throughout southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The samples were analyzed for total organic C, total Cd, Cd availability index (CAI), and pH. The nature of the soil organic matter was investigated with 13C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (13C CPMAS NMR). The total soil Cd, CAI, and total soil organic C of the cultivated soils were significantly lower than those of the virgin soils whereas the opposite trend was observed for the soil pH and the aromaticity of the organic C. The reduced CAI in the cultivated soils was related to the increase in both the soil pH and the aromaticity of the organic C. No relationship was found between the CAI and the soil organic C content, but a significant positive correlation was found between total organic C and total Cd in both the virgin and the cultivated soils. As well, a significant positive correlation was found between the fraction of total Cd removed from the soil after long-term cultivation and the corresponding fraction of organic C removed. Key words: Long-term cultivation, soil organic matter, 13C CPMAS NMR, cadmium

scholarly journals Soil organic matter pools under management systems in Quilombola Territory in Brazilian Cerrado

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robervone S. de M. P. do Nascimento ◽  
Maria L. G. Ramos ◽  
Cícero C. de Figueiredo ◽  
Antonio M. M. Silva ◽  
Stefany B. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Labile C ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
Total Organic C

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the stable and labile fractions of soil organic matter and carbon (C) management index in cultivated areas with conservation and conventional management used by Quilombola farmers in the Goiás state, Brazil. The management systems were studied in the areas of Cerradão: Native Cerrado; Pasture; Conventional grain cultivation; Conservation cultivation of perennial crop; and in the sensu stricto Cerrado: Native Cerrado; Natural pasture; Conventional grain cultivation; Conventional cultivation of perennial crop. The study was considered as observational, with five replicates. Total organic C, fractions of humic substances, labile C and C management index were determined. The Cerradão phytophysiognomy had the highest total organic C values and stable soil organic matter fractions. The native areas had low levels of labile C. The conservation cultivation of perennial crop showed the largest accumulation of total organic C in the different fractions of soil organic matter and the highest rates of C management index.

scholarly journals Influence of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Šimon ◽  
A. Czakó
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soluble C ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Total Organic C

This study assesses the effect of long-term (59 years) application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic matter and enzyme activity. Total organic C, total organic N, hot water soluble C, microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity were evaluated in soil from the long-term field experiment in Prague-Ruzyně (Orthic Luvisol, clay loam). Total organic C and N increased significantly in soils treated with organic fertilizers (farmyard manure, compost) and in soils with a combination of organic and mineral NPK fertilizers (manure + NPK, compost + NPK, cattle manure + straw + NPK) compared to soil treated with inorganic fertilizer, cattle slurry + straw and non-fertilized control. Farmyard manure significantly increased hot water soluble C compared to the control. Dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased by all treatments compared to control. The results indicate that additions of organic matter from various sources differ in the effects on soil organic matter and biological activity. The effect of manure was the most favourable; long-term application of cattle slurry + straw is rather similar to mineral fertilization.

Assessing carbon lability of particulate organic matter from δ13C changes following land-use change from C3 native vegetation to C4 pasture

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Dalal ◽  
B. A. Cowie ◽  
D. E. Allen ◽  
S. A. Yo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Soc Fractions ◽  
Total Organic C

Land-use change from C3 vegetation (δ13C values, –30‰ to –24‰) to C4 vegetation (δ13C values, –14‰ to –11‰) provides a useful quantitative technique for estimating organic C turnover in soil, even when total organic C changes are negligible. We utilised this technique to estimate C turnover in physically fractionated soil organic matter, particulate organic matter C (POM C >250 μm fraction and POM C 250–53 μm fraction), and the <53 μm fraction. There were small changes in total soil organic C (SOC) after 23 years of land-use change from native vegetation (mixed vegetation of Acacia harpophylla and Casuarina cristata) to buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L. cv. Biloela) pasture grown on Vertosol–Dermosol–Sodosol soil types. The SOC values (t/ha) under native vegetation were: 31 ± 3 for the 0–0.1 m depth, 21 ± 1 for the 0.1–0.2 m depth, 15 ± 3 for the 0.2–0.3 m depth, and 16 ± 2 for the 0.3–0.4 m depth; the corresponding SOC values under pasture were 25 ± 2, 19 ± 2, 14 ± 2, and 13 ± 1 t/ha. The respective δ13C values in 0–0.1 m depths of the whole SOC and POM C >250 μm fraction changed from –25.5 ± 0.1‰ and –25.5 ± 0.3‰ under native vegetation to –20.1 ± 0.5‰ and –19.4 ± 0.2‰ under pasture. Similar, although smaller, differences were observed for other depths and SOC fractions. The SOC turnover periods (years) were 31 ± 6 for the 0–0.1 m depth, 60 ± 5 for the 0.1–0.2 m depth, 55 ± 15 for the 0.2–0.3 m depth, and 63 ± 20 for the 0.3–0.4 m depth; the corresponding turnover periods for the POM C >250 μm fraction were 13 ± 2, 19 ± 5, 14 ± 4, and 12 ± 5 years. The turnover periods of SOC in the POM C 250–53 μm and <53 μm fractions were similar to, or longer than, for the whole SOC at all depths studied. Thus, the lability of the SOC and SOC pools was in the order: POM C >250 μm fraction > POM C 53–250 μm fraction = POM C <53 μm fraction = whole SOC.

Cultivation and grassland type effects on light fraction and total organic C and N in a Dark Brown Chernozemic soil

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
S. Brandt ◽  
K. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Chernozemic Soil ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Grassland Type ◽  
C And N ◽  
Total Organic C

Light fraction of organic matter is a source of nutrients for plants and a substrate for microbes, while total organic matter is critical for optimum physical conditions and retention of nutrients and other chemicals in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cultivation and grassland type on light fraction and total C and N in a Dark Brown Chernozemic soil. Three paired-sets of soil samples, in five replications, were collected from three cultivated field areas under annual crops [mostly wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)] and from three adjacent grassland areas. The three sets were a 30-yr-old bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) dominated stand cut annually for hay (Lm) and cultivated area 1 (Ct1), an unbroken native grass stand having no vegetation removed (Ng) and cultivated area 2 (Ct2) and a bromegrass/crested wheatgrass (A gropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.) dominated stand on a land reverted to grassland 60 yr ago having no vegetation removed (Og) and cultivated area 3 (Ct3). Soil samples from the 0- to 5-cm, 5- to 10-cm, 10- to 15-cm, 15- to 20-cm and 20- to 30-cm depths were taken using a 4-cm-diameter coring tube sampler. Total organic C (TOC), total N (TN), light fraction organic C (LFOC) and light fraction N (LFN) in soil were determined and the equivalent mass technique was used to calculate their masses in different soil layers. Total mass (for all soil layers) was less in the cultivated areas compared to the grassland areas by 31 to 43% for TOC, by 84 to 85% for LFOC, by 15 to 34% for TN and by 82 to 84% for LFN. The effect of cultivation was much greater in the surface 5-cm depth compared to deeper soil layers. The proportions of LFOC in TOC and LFN in TN as well as the TOC:TN ratios were lower in the cultivated areas than in the grassland areas, whereas the LFOC:LFN ratios were similar in cultivated and grassland areas. The light fractions of C and N were thus more responsive to change from grassland to cultivation of annual crops compared to the total C and N. Within the grassland areas, the mass of TOC and TN in most of the soil layers was greater in the Lm compared to both Ng and Og areas, while the LFOC and LFN did not show the effect of grassland type. The differences in the mass of both total and light fraction C and N in the cultivated areas were small and generally not significant. The findings suggest that including legume in grassland stands can sequester more organic C and N into the soil even when used for hay production. Key words: Cultivated land, light fraction C and N, native grassland, total organic C and N

scholarly journals Seasonal fluctuations of bacterial population and microbial activity in soils cultivated with eucalyptus and pinus

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everlon Cid Rigobelo ◽  
Ely Nahas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Total Organic C

The accumulation and decomposition of litter in soils under forests depend on climatic and biotic conditions. This work evaluated the effect of monthly rainfall and temperature on total bacteria, and on the dehydrogenase and respiration microbial activities. The effects of organic matter, total organic C and soil moisture were also evaluated. Performed from April, 1999 to March, 2000 in an Eucalyptus-cultivated and Pinus-cultivated Oxisol (Typic Haplustox), the study showed that climate and the soil variables affect the total number of bacteria and the microbial activities. The highest air temperatures and rainfall intensities were found during the Summer and, consequently, all the studied variables were maximal during this period. Minimal values varied from Autumn to Winter or, for some parameters, up to Spring. A positive correlation proved the influence of the organic matter, organic C and soil moisture on the total bacteria and on the respiratory and dehydrogenase activities. Litter content was also higher in the Summer as compared to the Winter, but it correlated only with the total bacteria (r = 0.52***). However, the correlation between the litter content and organic matter (r = 0.64***) and soil moisture (r = 0.49**) suggest that the soil organic matter may have influenced microbial activity. All variables found in the Eucalyptus soil were higher than that of Pinus soil, probably favored by the best soil fertility and higher pH value.

CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS DEVELOPED ON BASIC PARENT MATERIALS IN THE CANADIAN AND FRENCH SYSTEMS OF SOIL CLASSIFICATION

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
J. DEJOU
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Parent Materials

Six profiles of soils developed on parent materials poor in SiO2 but rich in total Fe (> 10% Fe2O3), were sampled in Canada and France. In the French system of soil classification, the soils were classified as Andosols or Andic and Andic Brown soils because of their large amounts of < 50 μm particles and amorphous material, and their low bulk density related to large percentages of organic matter. All profiles contained one or more horizons that met the criteria of a Podzolic B horizon in the Canadian system of soil classification. The absence of a class for Andosols makes an appropriate classification of these soils difficult in the Canadian system. Key words: Andosols, Andic soils, Andic brown soils, podzols, soil classification

scholarly journals Chemical and Spectroscopic Parameters Are Equally Sensitive in Describing Soil Organic Matter Changes After Decades of Different Fertilization

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Tomáš Šimon ◽  
Mikuláš Madaras
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Spectral Detection ◽  
Total Organic C ◽  
Som Decomposition

The composition and dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) are decisive factors in soil quality. In this work, total organic C (Ctot), hot water extractable C (Chwl), and aliphatic and aromatic SOM components detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were determined to evaluate SOM quantity and quality in soil samples taken between 2004 and 2017 from 13 field experiments established in different soil and climatic conditions of the Czech Republic. In addition, the C pool index (CPI), lability index (LI), C management index (CMI), and SOM decomposition index (DI) were assessed. Treatments were selected as follows: Unfertilized control (Nil), mineral fertilized treatment (NPK), farmyard manured treatment (FYM), and organic and mineral fertilized treatment (FYM+NPK). Both organic and combined fertilization significantly increased soil Ctot, Chwl, CPI, LI, CMI, and labile aliphatic SOM components (FTIRaliph) in most of the experiments compared to unfertilized treatments (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, the highest content of recalcitrant aromatic SOM components (FTIRarom) and increased DI were determined in majority of unfertilized soils. Our results show that: (1) fertilization regimes increased both labile and total C pools; the highest increase was nearly uniformly observed for NPK+FYM treatment; (2) SOM chemical and FTIR spectral detection had equal sensitivity to the changes; and (3) none of the parameters or indices tested can be used as a stand-alone SOM quality descriptor.

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