THE EFFECT OF SPRING AND FALL APPLICATION OF N ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) AND RAPESEED (Brassica campestris L.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. NUTTALL ◽  
K. E. BOWREN ◽  
W. K. DAWLEY ◽  
S. S. MALHI
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Fall Application

Application of N fertilizer in the fall as opposed to spring has been a controversial recommendation for cereal crops grown in Western Canada. Also, oilseed crops such as rapeseed may not respond to N in the same way as cereals. To investigate spring and fall application of N on barley and rapeseed, factorial split plot experiments were designed with three N treatments of 45, 90 and 134 kg N ha−1 and four P treatments of 0, 9.4, 18.8 and 28.2 kg P ha−1, as main plots. A control without fertilizer was included and the subplots were spring and fall times of broadcast application of ammonium nitrate fertilizer. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), cultivar Conquest and rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) cultivar Arlo were seeded as the test crops over a 5-yr period and a 6-yr period, respectively, at separate sites on Melfort silty clay soil to determine the differences in yield and quality of grain between spring and fall applied N. In some years yield response to N fertilizer was greater when applied in the spring and in other years when applied in the fall, resulting in a significant time of N × year interaction effect on yield. However, on the average, there was no significant difference in yield of barley or rapeseed grain between fall and spring applied N, 3.51 vs. 3.59 and 1.39 vs. 1.41 t ha−1, respectively. Nitrogen and P fertilizer increased yield as much as 2.17 t of barley and 0.76 t of rapeseed ha−1 although the concentration of mineralized ammonium- and nitrate-N in the soil was rated medium according to provincial soil test standards. The difference in yield response of barley (Y, t ha−1) between spring and fall applied N among years was related to the rainfall (X, mm) in May by the equation:[Formula: see text]and for rapeseed:[Formula: see text]Because N was applied relatively late in the fall, the available soil N was medium and the conditions for N loss in these experiments minimal, differences in barley and rapeseed yield response to N fertilizer between spring and fall applied N were small. When P fertilizer was applied at a heavy rate, fall application of N produced a higher yield of rapeseed than spring application in all years. Key words: P, protein, rainfall, interaction, N, barley, rapeseed, time

EFFET DE L’ADDITION DE SOUFRE A UNE FERTILISATION DE N, P ET K SUR LES RENDEMENTS ET LA QUALITE DE L’ORGE CULTIVEE EN SERRE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Y. A. MARTEL ◽  
J. ZIZKA
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The effect of sulfur was compared with that of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the yield and quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under greenhouse conditions. The work, which included 20 treatments, was carried out on the sandy–loam Saint-André and on the silty–clay Kamouraska. Nitrogen gave greatest differences in the yield of grain and straw on both soils. However, low level or lack of sulfur as well as phosphorus and potassium caused a significative decrease in grain yields in relation with the maximum yield on the Saint-André soil while only the lack of phosphorus produced a similar effect on the Kamouraska soil. Grain analysis showed mean values of 1.05% N, 0.41% P, 0.50% K and 0.10% S which were more constant in relation to the different treatments and the two soils than the ratios N:S (~ 10) and S:P (~ 0.25). The results on the accumulation of sulfur in straw and the variation in the efficiency of added fertilizers made it difficult to relate the need of sulfur for barley with the nitrogen and the phosphorus concentrations in the plants.

YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA AND CRESTED WHEATGRASS, GROWN SINGLY AND IN MIXTURE, AS AFFECTED BY N AND P FERTILIZERS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. LUTWICK ◽  
A. D. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Absolute Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
P Content ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
P Fertilizers

The effects of four rates of N and P fertilizers applied in the spring to alfalfa and crested wheatgrass, grown singly and in mixture, at three ages of stand were investigated. N fertilizer increased yields and protein content of the grass in the year of application regardless of age of stand; the effect in subsequent years depended upon the level of yield in the year of application. The results indicated that grass should be fertilized with N every year at a rate related to the amounts of N removed from the soil in the preceding year. N fertilizer also increased the yield of the mixture in the year of application. The proportion of alfalfa in the hay mixture decreased with age and with applications of N fertilizer. This effect of N fertilizer was brought about by changes in the absolute yield of the grass component but not that of the alfalfa component of the mixture. The management of the mixture is affected by management of the grass component and any increases in yield and quality of the grass are at the expense of the alfalfa. P fertilizer slightly increased the P content of all forages, regardless of age of stand, both in the year of application and in the succeeding years, but did not increase yields.

Persistence of herbage treatment effects in barley and consequences for subsequent crop experimentation

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Subsequent Crop

SUMMARYA study, conducted in the Peace region of Canada, determined the effects of the stand and management treatments of four herbage experiments (1986–88) on the yield and quality of subsequent crops of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) harvested in 1989 and 1990. Quantitative relationships indicated that the crop management treatments most conducive to good yield and quality of herbage were also the most beneficial for subsequent high yield and quality of the barley grain. Unless designs orthogonal to those previously used can be found, covariance adjustment procedures are recommended to minimize the residual effects of previous experiments.

Effects of Sphagnum peat and copper sulfate on productivity of a Ferro-Humic Podzol

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Parent ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
C. Tremblay ◽  
R. Tahiri ◽  
A. Karam
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Yield And Quality

Sphagnum peat is an abundant resource in the Quebec boreal zone and can be used to improve water retention in sandy soils of low productivity. Our objective was to select a peat application rate suitable for growing potato (Solanum tuberosum L. 'Superior') and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Chapais') on a ferro-humic podzol. The experiment was conducted in Mistassini, Quebec, from 1994 to 1997. Organic matter content (OMC) of a Parent loamy sand was 2.7–2.9% initially. Peat was applied to small plots in a 2-yr potato and 2-yr barley rotation at rates of 0 (control), 29, 48 and 68 t ha−1 on a dry weight basis. A cupric fertilizer trial (0 vs. 2.2 kg Cu ha−1) was combined with the peat treatments. A yearly potato–barley rotation was also established in a nearby field receiving 25 t peat ha−1. The arable layer of peat-amended soils was stratified into a 5.3- to 14.8-cm thick upper layer (A1) down to the limit of peat incorporation, and an underlying layer (A2), averaging 15 cm in thickness, keeping the original soil properties. The highest tuber yield, but reduced tuber specific gravity, were obtained with the 48 t ha−1 treatment compared with the control and the 29 t ha−1 treatments. Peat rates excceeding 29 t ha−1 reduced yield and quality of the barley crop. The Cu concentration in barley and potato diagnostic tissues decreased as peat rate increased. Copper was needed to counteract the detrimental effects of peat amendments on maturation, yield and quality of barley. At field scale, peat increased the lower limit of soil water content for starting irrigation from 0.12 m3m−3 in the control to 0.15 m3m−3 in the peat-amended soil. Irrigation rate should be augmented at each passage, and frequency of waterings diminished, in peat-amended soils compared with the control, due to increased water storage capacity. Peat improved the productivity of the sandy soil up to 4–5% OMC, but could induce Cu shortage in barley. Key words: Soil water, potato, Solanum tuberosum L., barley, Hordeum vulgare L.

Forage potential of Wapiti triticale mixtures in central Alberta

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Jedel ◽  
D. F. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Silage Production

Tests were conducted at Lacombe, AB, from 1989 to 1991 to determine the forage yield and quality of Wapiti triticale (× Triticosecale Rimpani Witt.) grown as a monocrop and in binary mixtures with Cascade oat (Avena sativa L.), Empress barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or Johnston barley. The Cascade monocrop and mixtures with Wapiti had the highest DM yields (12.37–13.42 t ha−1). Yields of the barley monocrops and mixtures with Wapiti (6.60–9.10 t ha−1 in 1989 and 8.96–11.49 t ha−1 in 1990) were similar to the Wapiti monocrop (8.06 and 8.99 t ha−1). In 1991, yields for the Wapiti monocrop and 25:75 barley:Wapiti mixtures (14.54 and 14.99 t ha−1, respectively) were higher than those for the barley monocrops and 50:50 and 75:25 mixtures (11.98–12.79 t ha−1). The yields of the mixtures in 1989 and 1990 were 108 and 106% higher than expected based on the yield of the components, although in 1991 this enhancement was not observed. Moisture contents at harvest were variable and not always as expected based on the relative maturities of the species. However, mixtures with Wapiti could offer some flexibility in harvest for silage production. Protein contents were found to be highly variable and no trends were established. The Cascade monocrop and mixtures had the highest protein yields in 1990 and 1991. The acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents of the 50:50 and 25:75 Cascade:Wapiti mixtures (26.9 and 28.4 g 100 g−1) were lower than the Cascade monocrop (33.6 g 100 g−1). Lignin contents were found to vary between treatments only in 1989 when the Wapiti monocrop (3.90 g 100 g−1) was intermediate to the Empress (3.30 g 100 g−1) and Cascade (4.83 g 100 g−1). Yield stability and quality would make use of Wapiti mixtures for silage attractive choices for silage production. Key words: Silage, protein, ADF, lignin, cereal mixtures

EFFECTS OF SULPHUR AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare L.) IN THREE SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC SOILS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. S. MNKENI ◽  
A. F. MACKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Four Levels

Field studies were conducted on three southwestern Quebec soils for 2 yr to provide information on effects of S fertilization on barley growth, to examine any S-P interaction, and to assess contributions of S from rain during the growing season. The treatments were arranged in a factorial combination of four levels of S (0, 15.6 or 31.2, 62.4 and 93.6 kg S/ha) with three levels of P (0, 117 and 234 kg P2O5/ha) added as gypsum and triple superphosphate, respectively. The results showed that added S either had an inconsistent effect or no effect on barley yield on the experimental soils. The lack of response was attributed to annual S additions from rain estimated to be in excess of 10 kg S∙ha−1∙yr−1, as well as high levels of available S in the soils. No S-P interaction was observed, indicating that high P fertilization should not result in S deficiencies for barley in southwestern Quebec.

Drip Irrigation and Stand Establishment Affect Yield and Quality of Cantaloupe

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 545d-545
Author(s):  
D.I. Leskovar ◽  
J.C. Ward ◽  
R.W. Sprague ◽  
A. Meiri
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Yield And Quality

Water pumping restrictions of high-quality irrigation water from underground aquifers is affecting vegetable production in Southwest Texas. There is a need to develop efficient deficit-irrigation strategies to minimize irrigation inputs and maintain crop profitability. Our objective was to determine how growth, yield, and quality of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. cv. `Caravelle') are affected by irrigation systems with varying input levels, including drip depth position and polyethylene mulch. Stand establishment systems used were containerized transplants and direct seeding. Field experiments were conducted on a Uvalde silty clay loam soil. Marketable yields increased in the order of pre-irrigation followed by: dry-land conditions, furrow/no-mulch, furrow/mulch, drip-surface (0 cm depth)/mulch, drip-subsurface (10-cm depth)/mulch, and drip-subsurface (30 cm depth)/mulch. Pooled across all drip depth treatments, plants on drip had higher water use efficiency than plants on furrow/no-mulch or furrow/mulch systems. Transplants with drip-surface produced 75% higher total and fruit size No. 9 yields than drip-subsurface (10- or 30-cm depth) during the first harvest, but total yields were unaffected by drip tape position. About similar trends were measured in a subsequent study except for a significant irrigation system (stand establishment interaction for yield. Total yields were highest for transplants on drip-subsurface (10-cm depth) and direct seeded plants on drip-subsurface (10 and 30 cm depth) with mulch.

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