FATE OF 15N-LABELED UREA IN THE GROWTH CHAMBER AS AFFECTED BY ADDED ORGANIC MATTER AND N PLACEMENT

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. TOMAR ◽  
R. J. SOPER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mixed Treatment ◽  
Point Placement

The effects of N placement and organic matter amendments on plant uptake and immobilization of N from 15N-labeled urea were investigated in a growth chamber employing two successive crops of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Immature barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (C:N ratio 20.9) and fababean (Vicia faba L.) (C:N ratio 21.8) plant residues, and sucrose were mixed throughout the soil at 10 g material kg−1 soil. Urea enriched with 20.2 atom % 15N was either mixed throughout the soil, or placed as a point in the center of the soil at 100 mg N kg−1 soil. The soil was incubated at field capacity for 30 d before the seeding of first crop and 60 d before the second crop. For the first crop of rapeseed, there was a net mineralization of N from the added barley and fababean materials regardless of N application. For total N uptake and dry matter yield of rapeseed, the mixed treatment of urea was superior to the point placement where barley and fababean residues were added. However, due to considerable biological interchange of N with added plant residues in the mixed treatment, 15N uptake was greater for the point placement of added urea (47.3 vs. 26.7%). Sucrose led to considerable net immobilization of N with the result that the point placement of N was superior to mixing for N uptake and 15N recovery. Added N remaining in the soil at harvest time after removal of the first crop's roots varied between 20.0 and 48.8% for the point placed N and between 27.5 and 79.2% for the mixed placement and was largest where sucrose was added. In spite of the large variation in 15N remaining in the soil, plant recovery of residual 15N in the second crop ranged from only 11.3 to 13.8%, except for the point placement of urea with sucrose where the value was 19.3%. Key words: N immobilization, organic residues, residual 15N, tagged urea

scholarly journals Combined application of biochar with fertilizer promotes nitrogen uptake in maize by increasing nitrogen retention in soil

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Peng ◽  
Xiaori Han ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Jinfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Entire Experiment

AbstractCombined application of biochar with fertilizers has been used to increase soil fertility and crop yield. However, the coupling mechanisms through which biochar improves crop yield at field scale and the time span over which biochar affects carbon and nitrogen transformation and crop yield are still little known. In this study, a long-term field trial (2013–2019) was performed in brown soil planting maize. Six treatments were designed: CK—control; NPK—application of chemical fertilizers; C1PK—low biochar without nitrogen fertilizer; C1NPK, C2NPK and C3NPK—biochar at 1.5, 3 and 6 t ha−1, respectively, combined with chemical fertilizers. Results showed that the δ15N value in the topsoil of 0–20 cm layer in the C3NPK treatment reached a peak of 291 ‰ at the third year (2018), and demonstrated a peak of 402 ‰ in the NPK treatment in the initial isotope trial in 2016. Synchronously, SOC was not affected until the third to fourth year after biochar addition, and resulted in a significant increase in total N of 2.4 kg N ha−1 in 2019 in C3NPK treatment. During the entire experiment, the 15N recovery rates of 74–80% were observed highest in the C2NPK and C3NPK treatments, resulting in an annual increase in yields significantly. The lowest subsoil δ15N values ranged from 66‰ to 107‰, and the 15N residual rate would take 70 years for a complete decay to 0.001% in the C3NPK. Our findings suggest that biochar compound fertilizers can increase C stability and N retention in soil and improve N uptake by maize, while the loss of N was minimized. Biochars, therefore, may have an important potential for improving the agroecosystem and ecological balance. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals An analysis of some pilot fertilizer experiments on paddy.

1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
C.T. De Wit
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
P Placement

Data from 25 experiments in Burma in 1954-55 are discussed. The soils contain 5-15% clay, 10-30% silt and 0.5-1.5% organic matter and pH (dry samples) ranges from 5.0 to 7.5. Yields increase only 11.7 kg per kg of N applied. Placement in rows below the aerobic mud layer would probably double N recovery at rates of 20 kg/ha N. The estimated response to P placement (5.4 kg per kg applied P) is uneconomic. With applications of 22.4 kg/ha N, but not with 44.8 kg/ha, N uptake was increased by applying P. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Residual effects of nitrogen fertiliser on the yield and N composition of succeeding cereal crops and on soil chemical properties of an Ethiopian highland Vertisol

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selamyihun Kidanu ◽  
D. G. Tanner ◽  
Tekalign Mamo
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Current Season ◽  
The Mean

A trial was conducted on an Ethiopian Vertisol from 1990 to 1995 to determine the residual effects of fertiliser N applied to tef [Eragrostistef (Zucc.) Trotter] on the grain and straw yield, N content, and total N uptake of succeeding crops of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) and tef. The mean agronomic efficiency of 60 kg fertiliser N ha−1 was 13.1 kg grain kg−1 fertiliser N applied in the current year and 5.4 kg grain kg−1 fertiliser N applied in the previous year. Thus, the residual fertiliser N benefit was equivalent to 41.2% of the response to current season N application for the two cereal crops. The mean rates of apparent recovery of fertiliser N were 65.8% for current season N application and 31.0% for previous season N application. Soil organic matter and nitrate levels increased linearly in response to both previous and current season N application rates. The current study demonstrates that the residual effect of fertiliser N enhanced the yields and N contents of the grain and straw of both wheat and tef, resulting in a significant increase in total N uptake. Any analysis of the profitability of fertiliser N response should reflect the multi-year benefit period. Key words: N recovery, N residue, N uptake, tef, wheat

Performance of nitrate compared with urea fertilizer in a semiarid climate of the northern Great Plains

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-355
Author(s):  
Richard E. Engel ◽  
Carlos M. Romero ◽  
Patrick Carr ◽  
Jessica A. Torrion
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Semiarid Regions

Fertilizer NO3-N may represent a benefit over NH4-N containing sources in semiarid regions where rainfall is often not sufficient to leach fertilizer-N out of crop rooting zones, denitrification concerns are not great, and when NH3 volatilization concerns exist. The objective of our study was to contrast plant-N derived from fertilizer-15N (15Ndff), fertilizer-15N recovery (F15NR), total N uptake, grain yield, and protein of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from spring-applied NaNO3 relative to urea and urea augmented with urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). We established six fertilizer-N field trials widespread within the state of Montana between 2012 and 2017. The trials incorporated different experimental designs and 15N-labeled fertilizer-N sources, including NaNO3, NH4NO3, urea, and urea + NBPT. Overall, F15NR and 15Ndff in mature crop biomass were significantly greater for NaNO3 than urea or urea + NBPT (P < 0.05). Crop 15Ndff averaged 53.8%, 43.9%, and 44.7% across locations for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Likewise, crop F15NR averaged 52.2%, 35.8%, and 38.6% for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Soil 15N recovered in the surface layer (0–15 cm) was lower for NaNO3 compared with urea and urea + NBPT. Wheat grain yield and protein were generally not sensitive to improvements in 15Ndff, F15NR, or total N uptake. Our study hypothesis that NaNO3 would result in similar or better performance than urea or urea + NBPT was confirmed. Use of NO3-N fertilizer might be an alternative strategy to mitigate fertilizer-N induced soil acidity in semiarid regions of the northern Great Plains.

UTILIZATION OF CATTLE MANURE CONTAINING WOOD SHAVINGS: EFFECT ON SOIL AND CROP

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. SOMMERFELDT ◽  
D. C. MACKAY
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Total N ◽  
Wood Shavings

A 7-yr study was conducted to determine the effects of repeated annual applications of manure containing softwood shavings (M + S) at 50 t ha−1 on the soil and its productivity, relative to manure without shavings (M) at 50 t ha−1 and nitrogen fertilizer (F) at 67 kg ha−1. The EC, OM, total N and C:N ratio of the soil of the M + S and M + S + F plots to 60-cm depth were not significantly greater than those from the M plots, and in some instances they were significantly less. The NO3-N and total N and available P contents of the soil from the M + S treatment were significantly lower than those from the M treatment. Immobilization of N in the M + S and M + S + F treatments was indicated. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Gait') straw and grain yields and protein content of the grain were generally greater under the M than under the M + S treatment. When N fertilizer was included in the M + S treatment (M + S + F) the yields were similar to those of M, and the protein content increased. If manure with shavings is used for fertilizer, supplemental N should be applied to offset N immobilization. Key words: Manure disposal, manure, manure with wood shavings, nitrogen, crop yields

Nitrogen dynamics under growth chamber conditions as influenced by method of alfalfa termination 2. Plant-available N release

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Mohr ◽  
H. H. Janzen ◽  
M. H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Release ◽  
Barley Crop

Herbicide application has been proposed as an alternative to tillage for termination of established alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stands but it may alter the pattern and amount of N released from alfalfa residues. A controlled environment study was conducted to investigate the effect of termination technique on the availability of N to four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops. Four treatments consisting of a factorial combination of two termination methods (chemical, mechanical) and two methods of residue placement (surface, incorporated) were established. Nitrogen uptake by the four consecutive crops of barley was measured during a 125-d period after termination. Termination method, particularly residue placement, strongly affected N release from alfalfa residues. Nitrogen accumulation by the initial barley crop accounted for >60% of cumulative N uptake in incorporated treatments compared with 39% and 24% for herbicide and tillage treatments in which alfalfa residue was surface applied. Herbicide application also slightly increased N uptake by the initial barley crop. Nitrogen uptake by subsequent barley crops was not affected by termination method; however, cumulative N uptake remained substantially greater for incorporated treatments throughout the 125 d experiment. Effects of residue particle size on N release from alfalfa residues were small. These results suggest that herbicide termination in which residue is retained on the soil surface may reduce the short-term plant-available N supply. Provided that mineralization is sufficient to meet the N needs of subsequent crops, maintaining a smaller reservoir of soil inorganic N may be beneficial in reducing the potential for leaching or denitrification losses. Key words: Plant-available N, termination method, alfalfa, herbicide, tillage, growth chamber

scholarly journals Residual effects of different green manures on the growth and yield of wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahsina Sharmin Hoque ◽  
Farhana Akter ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Sesbania Rostrata ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Total N ◽  
Sesbania Aculeata

Green manures can enrich soils with organic matter and nitrogen. An experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to evaluate the residual effects of different green manures on the growth and yield of wheat (BARI Gom-26). The experiment containing nine treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were T1 [No green manure + 100% Recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN)], T2 (Sesbania aculeata + 75% RDN), T3 (Sesbania aculeata + 50% RDN), T4 (Sesbania rostrata + 75% RDN), T5 (Sesbania rostrata + 50% RDN), T6 (Vigna radiata + 75% RDN), T7 (Vigna radiata + 50% RDN), T8 (Vigna mungo + 75% RDN), and T9 (Vigna mungo + 50% RDN). Residual effects of green manures with RDN significantly increased the yield attributes as well as grain and straw yields of wheat. Further, green manures exerted significant residual effects on grain, straw and total N uptake of wheat. Among various treatments with green manures, the performance of T4 (Sesbania rostrata + 75% RDN) was the best as it produced the highest grain yield (4.28 t ha-1), straw yield (4.74 t ha-1) and total N uptake (108.02 kg ha-1). The use of green manures slightly increased the organic matter content, total N and available P, K, and S contents of the post-harvest soils. As regards to the contribution of various green manures on yield contributing characters and yield of wheat, performances of two Sesbania species viz., S. aculeata and S. rostrata in association with 75% N fertilizer were effective.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 624-630

The course of fertilizer nitrogen uptake by rainfed sugarcane in Mauritius

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Ng Kee Kwong ◽  
J. Deville
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fertilizer N Uptake

SUMMARYThe patterns of N uptake and dry matter synthesis by sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid spp.) were studied at four locations in Mauritius with 15N–labelled ammonium sulphate (100 kg N/ha) applied either in a single dressing in September or in two split applications in September and the following February. More than 80% of the total N recovered at harvest (100–120 kgN/ha) was absorbed by the sugarcane during an active uptake period from October to January. Split application prolonged this active N uptake until April only and had no effect on dry matter accumulation. While total Nabsorbed by above-ground sugarcane showed no decline over time, 10–20 kg N/ha of the 15N–labelled N was lost from the green tops even when the N was applied on two occasions. The fertilizer N losses from above-ground sugarcane were, however, not evident when fertilizer N recovery with time was studied by the difference method. In view of the observed losses of fertilizer N from the aerial parts of sugarcane, measurement of fertilizer N recovery at harvest by the N isotope dilution technique underestimates fertilizer N uptake by sugarcane and attributes too large a fraction of N loss to denitrification/volatilization of NH3.

Plant residue and cropping system effects on N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Broersma ◽  
N. G. Juma ◽  
J. A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Total N

Soil samples from differing cropping systems were amended with 15N-labeled plant residues having varying carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios to quantify N dynamics in a Gray Luvisolic soil. For non-amended cropping systems a significantly greater amount of total N was mineralized from the continuous legume (CL) than from the continuous grass (CG), barley/forage (BF) rotations, or continuous barley (CB) cropping systems. The addition of the fababean (Vicia faba L.) plant residue resulted in net N mineralization from most of the cropping systems. After 20 wk, 14.0%, 10.5% and 7.1% of the 15N was mineralized from fababean, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and fescue (Festuca rubra L.) amended residues, respectively, when averaged across cropping systems. Key words: Crop residues, cropping systems, Gray Luvisol, N mineralization, 15N, soil amendments

Effect of growing season rainfall and tillage on the uptake and recovery of 15N-labelled urea fertilizer by spring wheat in a semi-arid environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Malhi ◽  
Y K Soon ◽  
S Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
Semi Arid

Growing season rainfall affects fertilizer N recovery, particularly in semi-arid environments. However, the influence of rainfall distribution during the growing season is not well-understood. We conducted a 7-yr study (from 1997 to 2006) to assess this effect, and that of no-till (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT), on fertilizer N recovery by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fertilized with 15N-labelled urea at 40 kg N ha–1 and grown on stubble on a Dark Brown Chernozem soil in Saskatchewan, Canada. Two of the seven experimental years had growing season rainfall close to normal, one was above normal and four were below normal. Tillage treatment did not affect 15N recovery by wheat; however, 15N recovery in the top 15 cm of soil averaged 47% under NT vs. 39% under CT (P = 0.02). Total N and 15N uptakes were most affected by "year" due to variation in growing season rainfall distribution. Excluding an ultra-low value of 3.8% (or 1.5 kg N ha–1) in 2002, due to extreme drought, 15N recovery by wheat averaged 47.5% (range 30–57%), and percent N derived from fertilizer was 12–20%. Rainfall in May correlated significantly with 15N and total N uptake (r = 0.605 and 0.699, respectively). The recovery of 15N in wheat head correlated negatively with June rainfall (r = –0.624), probably because more moisture increased soil N mineralization, which diluted the 15N pool. During grain filling, soil N uptake was 12–30 kg ha–1, compared with negligible amounts (< 7%) of 15N; however, about 15 kg ha–1 of 15N were remobilized vs. 34–74 kg ha–1 of soil N. It is concluded that, in this semi-arid region, fertilizer N uptake is influenced more by rainfall in May than other months of the growth period.Key words: 15N-labelled urea, fertilizer N recovery, N uptake, rainfall, remobilized N, tillage

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