INFLUENCE OF IN SITU TWO-PHASE POLYMERS ON AGGREGATE STABILIZATION IN VARIOUS TEXTURED NORTH DAKOTA SOILS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
J. L. RICHARDSON ◽  
W. T. GUNNERSON ◽  
J. F. GILES
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Chain Molecules ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Condensation Polymers ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Ether Alcohol

Two-phase in situ condensation polymers formed from amine and aldehyde monomers were tested on three differing soil textures for aggregating effectiveness and were compared to polyvinyl alcohol treated soils. The amine and aldehyde monomers differed in functionality (number of amines or carbonyl groups participating in the cross-linking polymerization reaction), molecular structure (branched versus straight chains and the number of polar structural groups) and molecular weight. Straight-chained molecules were more effective in aggregating soil than branched-chain molecules if a certain critical molecular weight was exceeded. The branched-chained and lower molecular weight molecules were less plastic. The number of polar monomer structural groups, notably ether, alcohol and amide oxygen, capable of bonding to clay particles determined aggregation effectiveness. PVA was effective at 0.1% concentration; two-phase polymers with long straight chains were effective at 5.0% by weight. Key words: Microaggregates, macroaggregates, amine, aldehyde, polyvinyl alcohol

scholarly journals Modification of Clays by Sol-Gel Reaction and Their Use in the EthyleneIn SituPolymerization for Obtaining Nanocomposites

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Moncada ◽  
R. Quijada ◽  
P. Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Metallocene Catalyst ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Nanoparticle Morphology ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Made In

The nanocomposites formation byin situpolymerization used a metallocene catalyst (butyl-2-cyclopentadienyl zirconium 2-chlorines) and a hectorite synthetic clay type which is discussed. This research was carried out in two phases. The first phase consisted of mixing the components of the metallocenic polymerization reaction (metallocene-methylaluminoxane-ethylene) with clay in a reactor. In the second phase, the metallocenic catalytic system was supported by clay particles and then a polymerization reaction was made. In this second phase, the clay particles were modified using a sol-gel reaction with different pH values: pH = 3, pH = 8, and pH = 12. The results were compared in terms of the catalytic activity in the different systems (phase 1 and phase 2) and the nanoparticle morphology of nanocomposites generated in this study.

scholarly journals In Situ Surface-Initiated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization Utilizing the Nonvolatile Nature of Ionic Liquids: A First Attempt

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ryo Satoh ◽  
Saika Honma ◽  
Hiroyuki Arafune ◽  
Ryo Shomura ◽  
Toshio Kamijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Atom Transfer

In this paper, in situ surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) based on both an open and a coated system, without using volatile reagents, was developed to overcome the limited usage of ATRP due to the necessity of sealing. Nonvolatile ionic liquid (IL)-type components were used, specifically N,N-diethyl-N-(2-methacryloylethyl)-N-methylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as the polymerizable monomer and N,N-diethylmethyl(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as the polymerization solvent. In the experiment, the reversible-deactivation radical polymerization characteristics are properly ensured in nonvolatile ATRP solution coated on silicon wafer as thin liquid film, to form concentrated polymer brushes (CPBs). The average molecular weight and molecular-weight distribution of the polymer produced in the liquid film and formed on silicon wafer were measured by gel permeation chromatography, which confirms that the polymerization reaction occurred as designed. Furthermore, it is clarified that the surface of the polymer brush synthesized in situ swollen by IL also exhibited low friction characteristics, comparable to that synthesized in a typical immersion process. This paper is the first to establish the effectiveness of in situ preparation for CPBs by using the coating technique.

scholarly journals Influence of Laurolactam Content on the Clay Intercalation of Polyamide 6,12/Clay Nanocomposites Synthesized by Open Ring Anionic Polymerization

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Cabrera Álvarez ◽  
L. F. Ramos de Valle ◽  
F. J. Rodríguez González ◽  
F. Soriano-Corral ◽  
R. E. Díaz De León
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Conversion Degree ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Magnesium Bromide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sodium Montmorillonite ◽  
Clay Intercalation

In situanionic homo- and copolymerization of caprolactam (CL) and laurolactam (LL) with sodium montmorillonite clay (NaMMT) was carried out using two different initiators, sodium caprolactamate (CLNa) and caprolactam magnesium bromide (CLMgBr). Degree of conversion and final molecular weight were used to assess the advancement and efficiency of the polymerization reaction and X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the sodium montmorillonite clay intercalation/exfoliation. The use of CLNa as initiator produced a higher conversion degree and molecular weight than the use of CLMgBr. Through DSC, it was observed that CLNa and CLMgBr tended to produce random and block copolymer structures, respectively, and either random or block, this eventually has an effect on the clay dispersion within the polymer matrix. In all cases, increasing the LL content produced a decrease in the conversion degree and in the molecular weight of the resulting polymer.

Monitoring Polymer-Assisted Mechanochemical Cocrystallisation Through in Situ X-Ray Powder Diffraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzia S. Germann ◽  
Sebastian T. Emmerling ◽  
Manuel Wilke ◽  
Robert E. Dinnebier ◽  
Mariarosa Moneghini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Polymer Additives ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray

Time-resolved mechanochemical cocrystallisation studies have so-far focused solely on neat and liquid-assisted grinding. Here, we report the monitoring of polymer-assisted grinding reactions using <i>in situ</i> X-ray powder diffraction, revealing that reaction rate is almost double compared to neat grinding and independent of the molecular weight and amount of used polymer additives.<br>

An efficient approach to strengthen polyvinyl alcohol physical hydrogel via in situ growing NH2-decorated polysiloxane structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 129505
Author(s):  
Haining Wang ◽  
Birong Tian ◽  
Fu Wang ◽  
Jinyun Zhang ◽  
Zhaofeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Efficient Approach

scholarly journals Achieving Good Protection on Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polythene by In Situ Growth of Amorphous Carbon Film

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Rui Dang ◽  
Liqiu Ma ◽  
Shengguo Zhou ◽  
Deng Pan ◽  
Bin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
In Situ Growth ◽  
Good Protection ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Carbon Plasma

Ultra-high molecular weight polythene (UHMWPE), with outstanding characteristics, is widely applied in modern industry, while it is also severely limited by its inherent shortcomings, which include low hardness, poor wear resistance, and easy wear. Implementation of feasible protection on ultra-high molecular weight polythene to overcome its shortcomings would be of significance. In the present study, amorphous carbon (a-C) film was fabricated on ultra-high molecular weight polythene (UHMWPE) to provide good protection, and the relevant growth mechanism of a-C film was revealed by controlling carbon plasma currents. The results showed the in situ transition layer, in the form of chemical bonds, was formed between the UHMWPE substrate and the a-C film with the introduction of carbon plasma, which provided strong adhesion, and then the a-C film continued epitaxial growth on the in situ transition layer with the treatment of carbon plasma. This in situ growth of a-C film, including the in situ transition layer and the epitaxial growth layer, significantly improved the wetting properties, mechanical properties, and tribological properties of UHMWPE. In particular, good protection by in situ growth a-C film on UHMWPE was achieved during sliding wear.

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