scholarly journals FALL AND SPRING SOIL SAMPLING FOR MINERAL N IN NORTH-CENTRAL ALBERTA

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. MALHI ◽  
D. R. WALKER ◽  
M. NYBORG ◽  
D. H. LAVERTY
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
North Central ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
The Relationship

The timing of soil sampling for mineral N was investigated by sampling in fall and in spring from the 0- to 30-cm depth in 100 field experiments. On the average of the 100 experiments, the NO3 – N in soil increased from 16 kg N∙ha−1 in fall to 34 kg N∙ha−1 in spring and the mineral N in soil increased from 28 kg N∙ha−1 in fall to 49 kg N∙ha−1 in spring. In 18 of the experiments, fall to spring increase in NO3 – N ranged from 31 to 90 kg N∙ha−1, and 16 of these experiments were among the 56 Black Chernozemic soils in the study. The correlation coefficient (r) between soil NO3 – N in fall and grain yield in check plots was 0.55, while the r value between soil NO3–N in spring and grain yield in check plots was 0.72. When mineral N was used instead of NO3 – N, the r values were similar. The relationship between fall NO3 – N (X) and spring NO3 – N (Y) was best described by the linear regression equation (Y = 14.84 + 1.22 X) with an r value of 0.66. Of the 100 experiments, 26 were sampled twice in the fall (early fall and late fall) and once in the spring. The increase in soil NO3 – N from early fall to spring was 33 kg N∙ha−1, but from late fall to spring was only 15 kg N∙ha−1. The linear regression equation to predict the spring NO3 – N values (Y) from early fall NO3 – N (X) was Y = 27.50 + 1.29 X (r = 0.63) and from late fall NO3 – N (X) was Y = 20.47 + 0.88 X (r = 0.76). The relationship of grain yield (or N uptake) with soil NO3 – N in late fall samples was much closer than with NO3 – N in early fall soil samples, and the correlation was similar to that obtained with soil NO3 – N in spring samples. Even though NO3 – N was substantially less with late fall sampling, as compared to spring sampling, the correlation with the two times were moderately close (r = 0.76). Soil test programs in the Prairie Provinces are based primarily on field experiments with only spring sampling, while farm sampling is mostly conducted in the fall. At least in north-central Alberta, fall sampling for soil test for NO3 – N apparently should be restricted to the late fall and probably an adjustment to N recommendations should be made for the smaller amounts of NO3 – N found in fall rather than spring. Key words: Early fall, late fall, mineral N, nitrate N, N recommendations, soil sampling, spring

scholarly journals Residual Effect of Poultry Manure and Mineral N Application on Maize Production under Wheat-Maize Cropping System

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Syed Azam Shah ◽  
Wisal Mohammad ◽  
Haroon Haroon ◽  
Adnan Anwar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The study was designed to asses the residual effect of organic N (Poultry Manure) and mineral N on maize crop in field experiments carried out on silty clay loam soil at NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan during 2014-15. Combined dose of N from both sources were 120 kg ha-1 applied to wheat crop alone and in different combination making six treatments. Maize variety (Azam) was sown in Randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Agronomic data, grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, biomass grain yield data, N-uptake in maize grain and straw were recorded. Results showed that maximum grain ear−1, 1000 grain weight, biomass and grain yield was obtained from treatment where 25% N applied from poultry manure + 75% from mineral N source applied to previous wheat crop. Agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also found maximum in treatment where 75% poultry manure + 25% mineral N was applied. It was concluded from the study that residual effect of organic manure with mineral N in different ratios enhances crop productivity and soil fertility.

scholarly journals Foliar Potassium Fertilizer Additives Affect Soybean Response and Weed Control with Glyphosate

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Peter P. Motavalli ◽  
William E. Stevens ◽  
John A. Kendig ◽  
David Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test K

Research in 2004 and 2005 determined the effects of foliar-applied K-fertilizer sources (0-0-62-0 (%N-%P2O5-%K2O-%S), 0-0-25-17, 3-18-18-0, and 5-0-20-13) and additive rates (2.2, 8.8, and 17.6 kg K ha−1) on glyphosate-resistant soybean response and weed control. Field experiments were conducted at Novelty and Portageville with high soil test K and weed populations and at Malden with low soil test K and weed populations. At Novelty, grain yield increased with fertilizer additives at 8.8 kg K ha−1in a high-yield, weed-free environment in 2004, but fertilizer additives reduced yield up to 470 kg ha−1in a low-yield year (2005) depending on the K source and rate. At Portageville, K-fertilizer additives increased grain yield from 700 to 1160 kg ha−1compared to diammonium sulfate, depending on the K source and rate. At Malden, there was no yield response to K sources. Differences in leaf tissue K(P=0.03), S(P=0.03), B(P=0.0001), and Cu(P=0.008)concentrations among treatments were detected 14 d after treatment at Novelty and Malden. Tank mixtures of K-fertilizer additives with glyphosate may provide an option for foliar K applications.

scholarly journals 650 PB 022 DIFFERENT LETTUCE TYPES RESPOND SIMILARLY TO P FERTILIZATION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 525g-526
Author(s):  
N.M. El-Hout ◽  
C.A. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
The Relationship

The production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) types other than crisphead (i.e., leaf, boston, bibb, and romaine) has recently increased due to expanding consumer demand. Fertilizer P recommendations for these lettuce types are largely based on soil-test calibrations for the crisphead type only. However, biomass production and morphological traits of the different lettuce types vary. Four field experiments were conducted to compare the relative efficiencies of these lettuce types to P fertilization. All lettuce types showed large yield and quality responses to P. Because environmental conditions affected yield potential, P rates required for optimal yield varied by lettuce type within experiments. However, the P rates required for optimal yield were similar over all experiments. Furthermore, the relationship between relative yield and soil-test P across all seasons showed a similar soil-test P level was required for maximum yield of all lettuce types. The results of this study show that soil-test-based fertilizer recommendations for crisphead lettuce may be adequate for all lettuce types

Wheat grain-yield response to lime application: relationships with soil pH and aluminium in Western Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Anderson ◽  
Richard Bell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Soil acidity, or more specifically aluminium (Al) toxicity, is a major soil limitation to growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the south of Western Australia (SWA). Application of calcium carbonate (lime) is used to correct Al toxicity by increasing soil pH and decreasing soluble soil Al3+. Soil testing using a 0.01 m calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution can measure both soil pH (pHCaCl2) and soil Al (AlCaCl2) for recommending rates of lime application. This study aimed to determine which combination of soil pHCaCl2 or soil AlCaCl2 and sampling depth best explains the wheat grain-yield increase (response) when lime is applied. A database of 31 historical lime experiments was compiled with wheat as the indicator crop. Wheat response to lime application was presented as relative yield percentage (grain yield for the no-lime treatment divided by the highest grain yield achieved for lime treatments × 100). Soil sampling depths were 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm and various combinations of these depths. For evidence that lime application had altered soil pHCaCl2, we selected the change in the lowest pHCaCl2 value of the three soil layers to a depth of 30 cm as a result of the highest lime application (ΔpHmin). When ΔpHmin <0.3, the lack of grain-yield response to lime suggested that insufficient lime had leached into the 10–30 cm soil layer to remove the soil Al limitation for these observations. Also, under high fallow-season rainfall (228 and 320 mm) and low growing-season rainfall (GSR) (<140 mm), relative yield was lower for the measured level of soil AlCaCl2 than in the other observations. Hence, after excluding observations with ΔpHmin <0.3 or GSR <140 mm (n = 19), soil AlCaCl2 provided a better definition of the relationship between soil test and wheat response (r2 range 0.48–0.74) than did soil pHCaCl2 (highest r2 0.38). The critical value (defined at relative yield = 90%) ranged from 2.5 mg Al kg–1 (for soil Al calculated according to root distribution by depth within the 0–30 cm layer) to 4.5 mg Al kg–1 (calculated from the highest AlCaCl2 value from the three soil layers to 30 cm depth). We conclude that 0.01 m CaCl2 extractable Al in the 0–30 cm layer will give the more accurate definition of the relationship between soil test and wheat response in SWA.

Nitrogen fertilization of grass seed crops as related to soil mineral nutrition.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
W.J.M. Meijer ◽  
S. Vreeke
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
N Rates ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the level of soil mineral N present in early spring and the economically optimum application rate of N fertilizer was investigated in field experiments in 1978-84 at 4 locations in the Netherlands with Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis and Festuca rubra. Spring dressings, as split and single applications, of 30-210 kg N/ha and autumn dressings of 0-90 kg N/ha were used. The optimum spring rates were linearly related to mineral N in the 0-90 cm soil layers in L. perenne. No such relationship existed for the other species. The economically optimum spring N rates were 110 and 84 kg/ha, and yields were highest with autumn N dressings of 60 and 30 kg/ha for P. pratensis and F. rubra, resp. Autumn dressing had no effect on L. perenne if the spring dressing was near or above the optimum. A split spring dressing produced greater vegetative regrowth and reduced yields. Seed yield responses to fertilization were related to number of inflorescences produced rather than weight of seed per inflorescence. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Response of field-grown maize to applied magnesium in acidic soils in north-eastern Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Aitken ◽  
T. Dickson ◽  
K. J. Hailes ◽  
P. W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gypsum Application

Split-plot field experiments, with main plots consisting of various rates of calcitic lime and single rates of dolomite, gypsum, and calcium silicate, were conducted at each of 4 sites to determine the effect of band-applied magnesium (Mg) on maize yield. The sites were acidic with pH values of 4.5, 4.9, 5.0, and 6.1 and exchangeable Mg levels of 0.16, 0.10, 6.0, and 2.0 cmol(+)/kg, respectively. Magnesium significantly (P < 0.05) increased grain yield at the 2 low-Mg sites, both of which were strongly acidic and responsive to lime application, but the nature of the Mg × lime interaction was different at each of the 2 responsive sites. The absence of a response to Mg at lime rates ≥1 t/ha at one responsive site was attributed to the presence of small amounts of Mg in the calcitic lime and/or an improved root environment enabling better exploitation of the soil Mg. Supplying a readily soluble source of Mg in the fertiliser band also resulted in increased grain yield in the gypsum, dolomite, and calcium silicate treatments at the 2 Mg-responsive sites. When the initial soil pH was strongly acidic, exchangeable Mg levels increased with increasing lime rate, suggesting that the small quantities of Mg that occur in the majority of liming materials may be of importance with respect to Mg nutrition. In contrast, gypsum application exacerbated the Mg deficiency at one site. The relationship between grain yield response and soil Mg level across all sites indicated that above an exchangeable Mg level of 0.27 cmol(+)/kg there would be little likelihood of a response to applied Mg.

INCREASE IN MINERAL N IN SOILS DURING WINTER AND LOSS OF MINERAL N DURING EARLY SPRING IN NORTH-CENTRAL ALBERTA

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. MALHI ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Content ◽  
North Central ◽  
Cultivated Soils

Ten field experiments were conducted on cultivated soils in north-central Alberta to determine any change in mineral N content of soils during winter, and during early spring after the soils had thawed. Soil samples were taken periodically from fall to spring to a depth of 120 (or 90) cm and were analyzed for NH4-N and for NO3-N. Mineral N changes occurred primarily in the top 60 cm. Between fall and late winter, there was an increase of 48 kg N ha−1 of mineral N (range of 27–83) in the 60-cm depth of eight experiments set on stubble and the value increased only to 55 kg N ha−1 when the sampling depth was extended to 120 (or 90) cm. Considering only the values from soil samples taken when soils were frozen, the increase in mineral N was 31 kg N ha−1 (range of 14–54) in the 120-cm depth, and the average net mineral N accumulation was 0.35 kg N ha−1 d−1 (range of 0.26–0.43). There was a loss of mineral N during early spring of 44 kg N ha−1 (range of 18–71). The two experiments on summerfallow had more over-winter accumulation of mineral N and more loss in early spring compared to the stubble experiments. This study showed large increases in the mineral N content when the soil was frozen and large decreases in the early spring. The mechanism of increase in mineral N in frozen soil was not determined. The cause of the decrease in early spring was most likely denitrification, and was not leaching of nitrate. The results of the investigation may have implications for the time of soil test sampling and for the loss of native N from cultivated soils. Key words: Ammonium N, frozen soil, mineral N, nitrate N, early spring loss

Studies on the nitrogenous manuring of winter wheat

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Beveridge ◽  
R. H. Jarvis ◽  
W. J. Ridgman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Partial Regression ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
The Relationship

1. The problem of when to apply nitrogenous top-dressings to winter wheat has nover been satisfactorily solved. Detailed field and glasshouse experiments on the effects of nitrogenous manuring on the development of wheat plants, and a number of other experiments involving the nitrogenous manuring of wheat are described and the results discussed.2. Partial regression coefficients of grain yield on individual components of yield are used to show how variable is the relationship between grain yield and the components of yield.3. It is concluded that field experiments are never likely to determine an optimum time for nitrogen top-dressing because of the unpredictable relationships between individual yield components and grain yield, and because of the variation in response to nitrogen introduced by seasonal and environmental factors.

Calibration and assessment of soil tests for estimating fertilizer requirements. I. Statistical models and tests of significance.

Soil Research ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
The Relationship

The calibration of soil tests requires a statistical model to describe the relationship between yield of crop, fertilizer application rate, and soil test. Yield response to fertilizers can be represented by polynomials both in the natural and square-root scales, and these polynomials can be generalized for a given crop and region, using soil test expressions. The generalization can be done using orthogonal polynomials and simultaneous regression equations that relate the coefficients of the polynomials to the soil test variables. This procedure is necessary because of heterogeneity in the residual sum of squares of regressions fitted to the yield data of several fertilizer field experiments within a region. The set of simultaneous regression equations constitutes a direct calibration of the soil test, since it can be used for the estimation of economic fertilizer requirement. Highly significant calibrations are demonstrated for a phosphorus soil test with wheat and a potassium test with potatoes. A nitrogen test gave only non-significant (P > 0.05) relationships.

Determining the fertiliser phosphorus requirements of intensively grazed dairy pastures in south-western Australia with or without adequate nitrogen fertiliser

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
I. F. Guthridge
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
P Leaching ◽  
The Many ◽  
Yield Responses

Fertiliser phosphorus (P) and, more recently, fertiliser nitrogen (N) are regularly applied to intensively grazed dairy pastures in south-western Australia. However, it is not known if applications of fertiliser N change pasture dry matter (DM) yield responses to applied fertiliser P. In three Western Australian field experiments (2000–04), six levels of P were applied to large plots with or without fertiliser N. The pastures were rotationally grazed. Grazing started when ryegrass plants had 2–3 leaves per tiller. Plots were grazed in common with the lactating dairy herd in the 6-h period between the morning and afternoon milking. A pasture DM yield response to applied N occurred for all harvests in all three experiments. For the two experiments on P deficient soil, pasture DM yield responses also occurred to applications of P. For some harvests when no fertiliser N was applied, probably because mineral N in soil was so small, there was a small, non-significant pasture DM response to applied P and the P × N interaction was highly significant (P < 0.001). However, for most harvests there was a significant pasture DM response to both applied N and P, and the P × N interaction was significant (P < 0.05–0.01), with the response to applied P, and maximum yield plateaus to applied P, being smaller when no N was applied. Despite this, for the significant pasture DM responses to applied P, the level of applied P required to produce 90% of the maximum pasture DM yield was mostly similar with or without applied N. Evidently for P deficient soils in the region, pasture DM responses to applied fertiliser P are smaller or may fail to occur unless fertiliser N is also applied. In a third experiment, where the soil had a high P status (i.e. more typical of most dairy farms in the region), there was only a pasture DM yield response to applied fertiliser N. We recommend that fertiliser P should not be applied to dairy pastures in the region until soil testing indicates likely deficiency, to avoid developing unproductive, unprofitable large surpluses of P in soil, and reduce the likelihood of P leaching and polluting water in the many drains and waterways in the region. For all three experiments, critical Colwell soil test P (a soil test value that was related to 90% of the maximum pasture DM yield), was similar for the two fertiliser N treatments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document