THE GENESIS OF A GRAY LUVISOL WITHIN THE BOREAL FOREST REGION. II. DYNAMIC PEDOLOGY

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. HOWITT ◽  
S. PAWLUK
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Colloidal Form ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Undisturbed Site ◽  
Region Ii ◽  
Canopy Drip ◽  
Gray Luvisol ◽  
Boreal Forest Region

An undisturbed site under forest cover near Breton, Alberta, was chosen to study the dynamics of a Gray Luvisol. Soil moisture and temperature were monitored at selected depths over a 2-yr study period. Canopy drip collectors and gravity lysimeters were used to study soil solution transport and the process of lessivage. The order of cation concentration for canopy drip, LFH and Ae lysimeter samples was K+ > Ca++ > Na+ > Mg++. The lysimeter samples from the Bt showed Na+ > Ca++ > K+ > Mg++. Lysimeter studies further indicated that micaceous clays were being illuviated into the upper Bt horizon. Water movement into the Ae horizon was found to be regulated by the LFH horizon; ice lensing in winter appeared to enhance the formation of the platy structure. The major processes in this soil are the translocation of Fe, Al and organic constituents both in solution and in colloidal form; the concentration of these elements was a function of the rate of water movement. The concentration of other cations was independent of the rate of water movement. Key words: Genesis, pedogenesis, Gray Luvisol, dynamic pedology, clay migration, lessivage, illuviation

THE GENESIS OF A GRAY LUVISOL WITHIN THE BOREAL FOREST REGION. I. STATIC PEDOLOGY

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. HOWITT ◽  
S. PAWLUK
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Region I ◽  
Undisturbed Site ◽  
Extractable Al ◽  
Gray Luvisol

An undisturbed site under forest cover near Breton, Alberta was chosen to study the characteristics of a typical Gray Luvisol. Smectite and to a lesser extent mica were dominant in the clay fraction of the Bt. This horizon contained higher levels of organic C, pyrophosphate-extractable Fe and Al and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate-extractable Al than adjacent horizons. Lime carbonate was not found to a depth of 2.25 m. Argillans occupied more than 1% of the area of thin sections from Bt and BC horizons but were better developed and more numerous at depths of 1.5–2.25 m. Pedoturbation appears to have caused the disruption and incorporation of argillans into the soil matrix. Argillans in the upper Bt horizon were optically similar to mica and contained more K than argillans from the BC horizons. Silt grains imbedded in argillans were common throughout the solum. Key words: Genesis, Gray Luvisol, pedogenesis, static pedology, clay migration, lessivage

Temporal Analysis of ERTS Imagery in the Boreal Forest Region

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Forest Cover Types ◽  
Boreal Forest Region

This paper presents an evaluation of ERTS imagery for forest inventory in the boreal forest region. The work illustrates that, by combining phenological knowledge and seasonal variations with the knowledge of spectral reflectance patterns, the interpretation of forest cover types from ERTS imagery is improved.

Fungi of the Canadian boreal forest region: Catulus aquilonius gen. et sp.nov., a hyperparasite on Seuratia millardetii

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (19) ◽  
pp. 2344-2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Malloch ◽  
C. T. Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Canadian Boreal Forest ◽  
Boreal Forest Region

A new genus and species of ascomycetes, Catulus aquilonius, is described, illustrated, and tentatively assigned to the Mycosphaerellaceae. It grows as a parasite on stromata of Seuratia millardetii (Raciborski) Meeker and is characterized by two-celled, setulose ascospores.

scholarly journals THE STATE OF THE TIMBER INDUSTRY COMPLEX OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN A SPARSELY FORESTED REGION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VORONEZH REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Irina Marchuk
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Far East ◽  
The State ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Logging Industry ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
The Russian Federation

The timber industry complex of the Russian Federation ranks fourth among all branches of the country, because in terms of forest area Russia ranks first in the world (8148895 km2), which is about 49.76% of the total area of Russia. The timber industry complex is a complex system and consists of four components (logging industry, woodworking industry, pulp and paper industry, wood chemical industry). Particular attention is paid to this industry in Eastern Siberia, Western Siberia and the Far East, because these regions have the greatest forest cover. In sparsely wooded regions, the timber industry is not a priority and little attention is paid to it, both by the state and by investors. In this article, we examined the state of the forestry complex of the Voronezh region, the forest cover of this territory is only eight percent of the entire territory of the country, all forests are protective, therefore the volume of timber is carried out thanks to sanitary felling and is about 285 thousand m3. In this region there are about 20 large and medium-sized enterprises involved in the timber industry and about 40 small private enterprises. The main problem of the timber industry complex in a low-wooded region is low-quality products, imperfection of regulatory legal acts at the regional level, and lack of investment. In this regard, measures were proposed that will contribute to the development of the timber industry complex in the low-forest region.

Estimation of Evapotranspiration and Its Components across China Based on a Modified Priestley–Taylor Algorithm Using Monthly Multi-Layer Soil Moisture Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3118
Author(s):  
Wanqiu Xing ◽  
Weiguang Wang ◽  
Quanxi Shao ◽  
Linye Song ◽  
Mingzhu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Constraint Factor ◽  
Jet Propulsion ◽  
Original Algorithm ◽  
Important Constraint ◽  
Different Depths

Although soil moisture (SM) is an important constraint factor of evapotranspiration (ET), the majority of the satellite-driven ET models do not include SM observations, especially the SM at different depths, since its spatial and temporal distribution is difficult to obtain. Based on monthly three-layer SM data at a 0.25° spatial resolution determined from multi-sources, we updated the original Priestley Taylor–Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) algorithm to the Priestley Taylor–Soil Moisture Evapotranspiration (PT-SM ET) algorithm by incorporating SM control into soil evaporation (Es) and canopy transpiration (T). Both algorithms were evaluated using 17 eddy covariance towers across different biomes of China. The PT-SM ET model shows increased R2, NSE and reduced RMSE, Bias, with more improvements occurring in water-limited regions. SM incorporation into T enhanced ET estimates by increasing R2 and NSE by 4% and 18%, respectively, and RMSE and Bias were respectively reduced by 34% and 7 mm. Moreover, we applied the two ET algorithms to the whole of China and found larger increases in T and Es in the central, northeastern, and southern regions of China when using the PT-SM algorithm compared with the original algorithm. Additionally, the estimated mean annual ET increased from the northwest to the southeast. The SM constraint resulted in higher transpiration estimate and lower evaporation estimate. Es was greatest in the northwest arid region, interception was a large fraction in some rainforests, and T was dominant in most other regions. Further improvements in the estimation of ET components at high spatial and temporal resolution are likely to lead to a better understanding of the water movement through the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum.

Analysis of the patterns of large fires in the boreal forest region of Alaska

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Kasischke ◽  
David Williams ◽  
Donald Barry
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fire Cycle ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Large Fires ◽  
The 1960S

Analyses of the patterns of fire in Alaska were carried out using three different data sets, including a large-fire database dating back to 1950. Analyses of annual area burned statistics illustrate the episodic nature of fire in Alaska, with most of the area burning during a limited number of high fire years. Over the past 50 years, high fire years occurred once every 4 years. Seasonal fire statistics indicated that high fire years consist of larger fire events that occur later in the growing season. On a decadal basis, average annual area burned has varied little between the 1960s and 1990s. Using a geographic information system (GIS), the spatial distribution of fires (aggregated by ecoregions) was compared with topographic, vegetation cover, and climate features of Alaska. The use of topographic data allows for a more realistic determination of fire cycle by eliminating areas where fires do not occur due to lack of vegetation above the treeline. Geographic analyses show that growing season temperature, precipitation, lightning strike frequency, elevation, aspect, and the level of forest cover interact in a complex fashion to control fire frequency.

scholarly journals A quasi-three-dimensional model for predicting rainfall-runoff processes in a forested catchment in Southern Finland

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Koivusalo ◽  
T. Karvonen ◽  
A. Lepistö
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Forested Catchment ◽  
Soil Moisture Distribution

Abstract. Runoff generation in a forested catchment (0.18 km2) was simulated using a quasi-three-dimensional rainfall-runoff model. The model was formulated over a finite grid where water movement was assumed to be dominantly vertical in the unsaturated soil zone and horizontal in the saturated soil. The vertical soil moisture distribution at each grid cell was calculated using a conceptual approximation to the one-dimensional Richards equation. The approximation allowed the use of a simple soil surface boundary condition and an efficient solution to the water table elevation over the finite grid. The approximation was coupled with a two-dimensional ground water model to calculate lateral soil water movement between the grid cells and exfiltration over saturated areas, where runoff was produced by the saturation-excess mechanism. Runoff was an input to a channel network, which was modelled as a nonlinear reservoir. The proposed approximation for the vertical soil moisture distribution in unsaturated soil compared well to a numerical solution of the Richards equation during shallow water table conditions, but was less satisfactory during prolonged dry periods. The simulation of daily catchment outflow was successful with the exception of underprediction of extremely high peak flows. The calculated water table depth compared satisfactorily with the measurements. An overall comparison with the earlier results of tracer studies indicated that the modelled contribution of direct rainfall/snowmelt in streamflow was higher than the isotopically traced fraction of event-water in runoff. The seasonal variation in the modelled runoff-contributing areas was similar to that in the event-water-contributing areas from the tracer analysis.

Kraft Pulping and Specific Gravity in the Uppermost Stem of Fertilized Balsam Fir

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gagnon ◽  
K. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Boreal Forest Region

Samples of five pairs of fertilized and non-fertilized 60-year-old natural balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) growing in the Quebec boreal forest region were pulped by the kraft process and the specific gravity was measured. Analyses carried out 7 years after treatment on the last seven terminal internodes revealed the mean pulp yield of trees fertilized exceeded that of non-fertilized by 7%, while the mean specific gravity was about 6% lower.

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