THE AVAILABILITY OF RESIDUAL FERTILIZER NITROGEN IMMOBILIZED AS CLAY-FIXED AMMONIUM AND ORGANIC N

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLINE M. PRESTON
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Available Carbon ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Residual Fertilizer N

A study of plant uptake, incubation-extraction and acid hydrolysis was carried out on soil samples from a field study using 15N. The samples had varying proportions of residual fertilizer 15N (15Nex) as clay-fixed ammonium and organic N. Availability of 15Nex to plants was positively correlated with percent of 15Nex as clay-fixed ammonium, and negatively correlated with percent of 15Nex as organic N. A similar relationship was noted for recovery of 15Nex in acid hydrolysates. The relationship was reversed for recovery of 15Nex in aqueous extracts following incubation, although this may have been due to lack of removal of N by plant uptake or leaching, and limitation of microbial activity by lack of readily available carbon. This direct comparison of availability of residual fertilizer N as clay-fixed ammonium N and organic N demonstrates that fertilizer N, once incorporated into organic forms, is much less available to plants than fertilizer N in the form of clay-fixed ammonium.

Seasonal Dynamics of Fertilizer-Derived Hydrolysable NH3 in an Arable Soil of Northeast China

2012 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 502-506
Author(s):  
Hui Jie Lü ◽  
Hong Bo He ◽  
Xu Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Total N ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Residual Fertilizer N

Fertilizer applications to soil are widely known to be the most important anthropogenic sources to influence soil N turnover in agricultural ecosystems. More information is required on the relationships between soil organic N (SON) forms in order to predict the maintenance, transformation and stability of soil N. Accordingly, 15N-labeled (NH4)2SO4 (totally 200 kg N/ha) was applied to a maize crop throughout the entire growing period to investigate the distribution and the dynamics of fertilizer-derived N in hydrolyzable-NH3 fraction by measuring the labeled N in them. The accumulation of 15N in hydrolyzable-NH3 fraction was time-dependent although the total N concentration changed only slightly. The transformation of the residual fertilizer N to hydrolyzable-NH3-15N was maximal during the silking and grain filling stages, suggesting the fertilizer N was immobilized at an early stage during the growing period. The rapid decrease of 15N in hydrolyzable-NH3 pool indicated that hydrolyzable-NH3-15N was a temporary pool for fertilizer N retention and was able to release fertilizer N for uptake by the current crop

RESPONSE OF CORN TO NITROGEN IN PREPLANT AND SIDEDRESS APPLICATIONS OF LIQUID DAIRY CATTLE MANURE

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
June July

Two field experiments were conducted, each over a 3-yr period, to compare the availability of N from liquid cattle manure (LCM) with that from urea and anhydrous ammonia to corn. Two times of application (preplant vs. sidedress) and two methods of application (surface vs. injection) of LCM were compared with respect to corn grain yield and soil NO3− concentration during two periods of the growing season. The availability of LCM N was approximately one-half that of fertilizer N. Injection of LCM either before planting or as a sidedressing between the corn plant rows resulted in LCM N being approximately 60% as available as fertilizer N. Application of LCM to the soil surface, as a side dressing resulted in LCM N being approximately one-third as available as anhydrous ammonia N. The data were discussed and interpreted on the basis that manure N is made up of two principal fractions, "organic" and ammoniacal N. The organic N fraction, consisting of all the N other than ammonia, becomes only partly available to the crop through mineralization whereas the ammoniacal N fraction is subject to volatilization if not incorporated into the soil immediately. Soil NO3− concentrations in the June-July period showed the surface preplant LCM N availability to be approximately one-half that of preplant applications of urea. Nitrate concentrations during the September-October period suggested that LCM showed no greater levels of NO3− than urea even at twice the rate of N application. Key words: Corn, nitrogen, preplant and sidedress applications, liquid dairy cattle manure

The short-term fate of urea applied to barley in a humid climate. I. Experiments

Soil Research ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
IH Mohammed ◽  
DR Scotter ◽  
PEH Gregg
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Mechanistic Models ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

The fate of 15N labelled urea and potassium bromide applied to a mole-tile drained silt loam soil, sown to barley, was investigated using microplots and small weighable lysimeters. Two irrigation treatments, corresponding to normal and high rainfall conditions, were imposed on the lysimeters. After 35 days approximately 90% of the applied nitrogen (N) was recovered from the lysimeters, in the soil, plants and leachate, indicating gaseous losses were not large. Approximately 50% of the urea N was hydrolysed within 3 days of application, and a similar percentage was present as organic N in the soil after 20 days. Six per cent of the fertilizer N was leached from the normal lysimeters and 14% from the wetter lysimeters. In contrast, 76% of the applied bromide was leached from the wetter lysimeters. Plant uptake into shoots and roots of fertilizer N was 32% and 22% of that applied in the normal and wetter lysimeters respectively, leaching losses being largely at the expense of plant uptake. Native soil N was also measured. It is suggested that process-oriented studies of the kind described can assist in the interpretation and extrapolation of results from conventional fertilizer, trials, particularly when used to develop simple mechanistic models.

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

scholarly journals Effects of two wood-based biochars on the fate of added fertilizer nitrogen—a 15N tracing study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin Kalu ◽  
Gboyega Nathaniel Oyekoya ◽  
Per Ambus ◽  
Priit Tammeorg ◽  
Asko Simojoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Rates

AbstractA 15N tracing pot experiment was conducted using two types of wood-based biochars: a regular biochar and a Kon-Tiki-produced nutrient-enriched biochar, at two application rates (1% and 5% (w/w)), in addition to a fertilizer only and a control treatment. Ryegrass was sown in pots, all of which except controls received 15N-labelled fertilizer as either 15NH4NO3 or NH415NO3. We quantified the effect of biochar application on soil N2O emissions, as well as the fate of fertilizer-derived ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in terms of their leaching from the soil, uptake into plant biomass, and recovery in the soil. We found that application of biochars reduced soil mineral N leaching and N2O emissions. Similarly, the higher biochar application rate of 5% significantly increased aboveground ryegrass biomass yield. However, no differences in N2O emissions and ryegrass biomass yields were observed between regular and nutrient-enriched biochar treatments, although mineral N leaching tended to be lower in the nutrient-enriched biochar treatment than in the regular biochar treatment. The 15N analysis revealed that biochar application increased the plant uptake of added nitrate, but reduced the plant uptake of added ammonium compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Thus, the uptake of total N derived from added NH4NO3 fertilizer was not affected by the biochar addition, and cannot explain the increase in plant biomass in biochar treatments. Instead, the increased plant biomass at the higher biochar application rate was attributed to the enhanced uptake of N derived from soil. This suggests that the interactions between biochar and native soil organic N may be important determinants of the availability of soil N to plant growth.

scholarly journals Genotypic Difference in the Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer Form in Tibetan Wild and Cultivated Barley

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Shama Naz ◽  
Qiufang Shen ◽  
Jonas Lwalaba Wa Lwalaba ◽  
Guoping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wild Barley ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Genotypic Difference ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Tibetan Wild Barley ◽  
Cultivated Barley

Nitrogen (N) availability and form have a dramatic effect on N uptake and assimilation in plants, affecting growth and development. In the previous studies, we found great differences in low-N tolerance between Tibetan wild barley accessions and cultivated barley varieties. We hypothesized that there are different responses to N forms between the two kinds of barleys. Accordingly, this study was carried out to determine the response of four barley genotypes (two wild, XZ16 and XZ179; and two cultivated, ZD9 andHua30) under 4Nforms (NO3−, NH4+, urea and glycine). The results showed significant reduction in growth parameters such as root/shoot length and biomass, as well as photosynthesis parameters and total soluble protein content under glycine treatment relative to other N treatments, for both wild and cultivated barley, however, XZ179 was least affected. Similarly, ammonium adversely affected growth parameters in both wild and cultivated barleys, with XZ179 being severely affected. On the other hand, both wild and cultivated genotypes showed higher biomass, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll and protein in NO3− treatment relative to other three N treatments. It may be concluded that barley undisputedly grows well under inorganic nitrogen (NO3−), however in response to the organic N wild barley prefer glycine more than cultivated barely.

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Crops, Compost, and Vermicompost on Strawberry Yields and Nitrogen Availability in North Carolina

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Beck ◽  
Michelle S. Schroeder-Moreno ◽  
Gina E. Fernandez ◽  
Julie M. Grossman ◽  
Nancy G. Creamer
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N

Summer cover crop rotations, compost, and vermicompost additions can be important strategies for transition to organic production that can provide various benefits to crop yields, nitrogen (N) availability, and overall soil health, yet are underused in strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) production in North Carolina. This study was aimed at evaluating six summer cover crop treatments including pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), soybean (Glycine max), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), pearl millet/soybean combination, pearl millet/cowpea combination, and a no cover crop control, with and without vermicompost additions for their effects on strawberry growth, yields, nutrient uptake, weeds, and soil inorganic nitrate-nitrogen and ammonium-nitrogen in a 2-year field experiment. Compost was additionally applied before seeding cover crops and preplant N fertilizer was reduced by 67% to account for organic N additions. Although all cover crops (with compost) increased soil N levels during strawberry growth compared with the no cover crop treatment, cover crops did not impact strawberry yields in the first year of the study. In the 2nd year, pearl millet cover crop treatments reduced total and marketable strawberry yields, and soybean treatments reduced marketable strawberry yields when compared with the no cover crop treatment, whereas vermicompost additions increased strawberry biomass and yields. Results from this study suggest that vermicompost additions can be important sustainable soil management strategies for transitional and certified organic strawberry production. Summer cover crops integrated with composts can provide considerable soil N, reducing fertilizer needs, but have variable responses on strawberry depending on the specific cover crop species or combination. Moreover, these practices are suitable for both organic and conventional strawberry growers and will benefit from longer-term studies that assess these practices individually and in combination and other benefits in addition to yields.

Entomophilic nematodes, Diploscapter coronatus and Oscheius tipulae from Afghanistan

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4926 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-416
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD HUSSAIN FALAHZADAH ◽  
EBRAHIM SHOKOOHI ◽  
GHOLAM HOSSEIN MORAVEJ ◽  
PHATU WILLIAM MASHELA ◽  
ABDUL KHALID MADADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

Several soil samples from different habitats in Badakhshan province of Afghanistan were collected to isolate and characterize bacteria feeding nematodes. The Galleria mellonella-baiting method was used for the isolation of the Afghan insect-associated nematodes. The nematodes were studied using morphological and morphometric data. The Oscheius specimen was characterized by a longer body (630–820 µm) and shorter pharynx (125–145 µm), whereas other morphological characters were not unusual. The Diploscapter specimen had an annulated cuticle, with lip region width 1.5 times shorter than the stoma, and had separated pharyngeal corpus from the isthmus and vulva located in the middle of the body. The molecular data were derived using three loci; 18S, 28S (D2/D3 segment), and ITS rRNA region, which were utilized to measure the genetic distance. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted to reconstruct the relationship tree. Both morphological and molecular approaches confirmed the identity of nematode isolates as Oscheius tipulae and Diploscapter coronatus. This is the first report of insect-associated nematodes from the soil of Afghanistan. Both species were capable of infecting and killing G. mellonella larvae in less than 96 h. 

scholarly journals Relations among Valencia orange yields with soil and leaf nutrients in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonez Fidalski ◽  
Pedro Antonio Martins Auler ◽  
Valdomiro Tormem
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
K Fertilization

The Valencia orange orchards established on soils of low fertility in the Northwest region of Paraná State, Brazil, have showed symptoms of Mg deficiency and reduced fruit yields. The objective of this study was to verify the relationship between yield with soil and leaf nutrients during 1996/97 growing season. Two sites of low and high productivity were selected in seven orchards. Leaf and soil samples (fertilized rows and interrows) were collected in 1996. The results showed that the citrus yields were negatively related with soil Mg/K and Ca+Mg/K ratios in the fertilized rows, and fruit weight positively correlated with leaf Zn in the low productivity orchards. The fruit weight was positively related with leaf Ca and soil Ca in the fertilized rows of the high productivity orchards. The results suggested an adequate lime and K fertilization managements in the fertilized rows, as well as an adequate Zn supply.

scholarly journals Insights into mechanisms governing forest carbon response to nitrogen deposition: a model–data comparison using observed responses to nitrogen addition

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3869-3887 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Q. Thomas ◽  
G. B. Bonan ◽  
C. L. Goodale
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilization Experiments

Abstract. In many forest ecosystems, nitrogen (N) deposition enhances plant uptake of carbon dioxide, thus reducing climate warming from fossil fuel emissions. Therefore, accurately modeling how forest carbon (C) sequestration responds to N deposition is critical for understanding how future changes in N availability will influence climate. Here, we use observations of forest C response to N inputs along N deposition gradients and at five temperate forest sites with fertilization experiments to test and improve a global biogeochemical model (CLM-CN 4.0). We show that the CLM-CN plant C growth response to N deposition was smaller than observed and the modeled response to N fertilization was larger than observed. A set of modifications to the CLM-CN improved the correspondence between model predictions and observational data (1) by increasing the aboveground C storage in response to historical N deposition (1850–2004) from 14 to 34 kg C per additional kg N added through deposition and (2) by decreasing the aboveground net primary productivity response to N fertilization experiments from 91 to 57 g C m−2 yr−1. Modeled growth response to N deposition was most sensitive to altering the processes that control plant N uptake and the pathways of N loss. The response to N deposition also increased with a more closed N cycle (reduced N fixation and N gas loss) and decreased when prioritizing microbial over plant uptake of soil inorganic N. The net effect of all the modifications to the CLM-CN resulted in greater retention of N deposition and a greater role of synergy between N deposition and rising atmospheric CO2 as a mechanism governing increases in temperate forest primary production over the 20th century. Overall, testing models with both the response to gradual increases in N inputs over decades (N deposition) and N pulse additions of N over multiple years (N fertilization) allows for greater understanding of the mechanisms governing C–N coupling.

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